NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
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Transcript of NORTH AFRICA & SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
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NORTH AFRICA &SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
CHAPTER 6(296-320)
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SPATIAL DIFFUSION
The process by which a concept, practice, or substance spreads from its point of origin to new territories
Two types-- Relocation diffusion
-- Expansion diffusion
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RELOCATION DIFFUSION
Sequential diffusion is a process in which items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas & relocate to new areas.
The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population.
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RELOCATION DIFFUSION
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RELOCATION DIFFUSION
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EXPANSION DIFFUSION
The spreading of an innovation or idea through a fixed population in such a way that the number of those adopting grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanded area of dissemination
Two types-- Contagious Expansion-- Hierarchical Expansion
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CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person
Analogous to the communication of a contagious disease
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CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
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CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
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CONTAGIOUS EXPANSION
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HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by “trickling down” from larger to smaller adopting units
An urban hierarchy is usually involved, encouraging the leapfrogging of innovations over wider areas, with geographic distance a less important factor.
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HierarchyHighest
Lowest
Intermediate
HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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HIERARCHICAL EXPANSION
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DIFFUSION OF RELIGION
North America
Middle America
South America
CHRISTIANITY ISLAM HINDUISM BUDHISM
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REGIONS OF THE REALM
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EGYPT AND THE LOWER NILE BASIN
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EGYPT AND THE LOWER NILE BASIN
CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATION > 5,000 YEARS
95% OF EGYPT’S 71 MILLION PEOPLE LIVE WITHIN 12 MILES OF THE NILE
BASIN IRRIGATION PERENNIAL IRRIGATION - MID 1800s ASWAN HIGH DAM - 1968
INCREASED AGRICULTURAL LAND BY 50% PROVIDES 40% OF ELECTRICITY
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EGYPT Strategic Situation Cairo
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THE MAGHREB AND LIBYA
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THE MAGHREB AND LIBYA
THE MAGHREB - DOMINATED BY THE ATLAS MOUNTAINS MOROCCO - LAST OF THE NORTH
AFRICAN KINGDOMS ALGERIA - A SECULAR REPUBLIC WITH
RELIGIOUS-POLITICAL PROBLEMS TUNISIA - SMALLEST AND MOST
WESTERNIZED OF THE MAGHREBS LIBYA - OIL RICH DESERT STATE WITH A
COASTAL ORIENTATION
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THE MAGHREB AND LIBYA
Atlas Mountains
- Fertile Coastline
- Rain Shadow Effect French Colonialism Oil-Rich Libya
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AFRICAN TRANSITION ZONE
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AFRICAN TRANSITION ZONE
SAHEL - ARABIC WORD FOR BORDER OR MARGIN
A ZONE WHERE PEOPLE ARE ETHNICALLY AFRICAN BUT CULTURALLY ARAB
DESERTIFICATION - PRINCIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
CULTURAL AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY NORTH VERSUS SOUTH - MUSLIM VERSUS
NON-MUSLIM PATTERNS
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AFRICAN TRANSITION ZONE
Cultural Conflict Muslim -
Christian Nomadism Environmental
Problems
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MIDDLEEAST
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THE MIDDLE EAST
“MIDDLE” OF THE ISLAMIC REALM IRAQ, SYRIA, JORDAN, ISRAEL,
LEBANON CENTER OF CONFLICT BETWEEN
CHRISTIANS, JEWS, AND MUSLIMS SUNNI - SHI’ITE CONFLICT (WITHIN
IRAQ AND THROUGHOUT THE REGION)
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The Middle East
Fertile Crescent Culture Hearth Oil Cultural Conflict
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ISRAEL
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JERUSALEM
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ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT
THE GOLAN HEIGHTS- RETURN TO SYRIA? THE SECURITY ZONE- RETURN TO
LEBANON? JERUSALEM- HOLY CITY FOR WHO? THE WEST BANK- PALESTINIAN
HOMELAND? THE PALESTINIANS- REFUGEE PROBLEM ARAB/ISLAMIC DISRUPTION- IMPACT OF
EXTREMIST GROUPS
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ARABIANPENINSULA
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ARABIAN PENINSULA
SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT, BAHRAIN, QATAR, UAE, OMAN, YEMEM
OIL, DESERT, AND STRATEGIC LOCATION
SAUDI ARABIA- 22.9 MILLION PEOPLE WITH THE WORLD’S GREATEST OIL RESERVES
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ARABIAN PENINSULA
Desert Oil Islam
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NORTH AFRICA &SOUTHWEST ASIA - II
CHAPTER 6(296-320)