Insights into the origin of metazoan multicellularity from ...
Non-Coelomate Animals. Porifera Simplest metazoan Cell level of organization –Few cell types –No...
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Transcript of Non-Coelomate Animals. Porifera Simplest metazoan Cell level of organization –Few cell types –No...
![Page 1: Non-Coelomate Animals. Porifera Simplest metazoan Cell level of organization –Few cell types –No true tissues Feed on material suspended in water Motile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070418/56649efc5503460f94c103b4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Non-Coelomate Animals
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Porifera
• Simplest metazoan
• Cell level of organization– Few cell types– No true tissues
• Feed on material suspended in water
• Motile as larva - sessile as adult
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Pores• Ostia– Small pores– Water inlets– Multiple ostia lead to canal system
• Osculum– Large pores– Water outlets– Certain forms have more than one
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Canal Structure
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Four Types of Sponge Cells
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Spicules
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Hexactinellida – Glass Sponge
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DemospongiaeLeuconoid
Forms
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DemospongiaeLeuconoid Forms
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Radiates
• Radial symmetry
• Tissue level organization
• Two germ layers– Ectoderm and endoderm
• Nerve net (simple nervous system)
• Extracellular digestion
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Radiate Phyla
• Cnidaria • Ctenophore
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Phylum Cnidaria
• Two forms– Polyp– Medusa
• Tentacles
• Nematocyst
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Polyp and Medusa Forms
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Hydra Tissue Structure
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Obelia Life Cycle
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Zoantharian Coral
• Calcium carbonate exoskeleton secreted externally from base
• Contain mutualistic zooxanthallae algae
• Live in colonies• Hexamerous symmetry
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Medusa
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Hydra
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Sea Anemone
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Soft Corals
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Coral Polyps
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Phylum Ctenophora
• Comb Jellies
• Move using cilia– Comb plates
• Do not have nematocysts– Colloblasts capture food
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Predatory Comb Jellies Approaching Prey
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Predatory Comb Jelly Engulfing a Comb Jelly
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Comb Jelly After a Meal
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Acoelomate Phyla
• Platyhelminthes– Flat worms
• Nemertea– Ribbon worms
• Gnathostomulida– Jaw worms
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Why bilateral symmetry?
Movement toward prey or host– Cephalization– Directional sense organs
• Chemoreceptors
• Ocelli (light sensing eyespots)
• Rheoreceptors (sense water currents)
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Acoelomates Key Features• Three germ layers
– Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm– Mesoderm forms muscle and mesenchyme
• Organ-system level of organization– Cephalization– Excretory system– Some have circulatory and one-way alimentary
canal
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Acoelomates Body Plan
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Examples– Planaria – freeliving– Liver Flukes – endoparasite– Tape Worms - endoparasite
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Planaria• Eye spots (Ocelli)
• Auricles - chemoreceptors
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Liver Fluke – Digenetic Life Cycle
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Liver Damage Caused By Flukes
• Scar tissue• Blocked bile ducts
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Tape Worm – Digenetic Life Cycle
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Tapeworm
• New proglottids are added just behind the scolex
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Pseudocoelomates
• Pseudocoel– Mesoderm muscle lined ectoderm
• Complete digestive tract
• Organs are within pseudocoel
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Coelom
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Phylum Nematoda
• Found everywhere
• Use pseudocoel as a hydrostatic skeleton– Collagen cuticle– Longitudinal muscles
• Free living and parasites
• Dioecious
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Nematode Body Plan
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Nematode Parasites• Ascaris (roundworms)
– Found in intestine and lung.
• Hookworms– Attach to intestine and suck blood.
• Trichina worm– Forms cysts in muscle
– Causes trichinosis
• Pinworms– Males are haploid, females diploid
– Live in large intestine
• Filarial worms– Live in lymphatic system
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Caenorhabditis elegans
• Extensively using in genetic and animal development research
• Lineage of each cells is know and documented
• Whole genome is cloned and sequenced
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Dirofilaria immitis• Dog and cat heart worm
• Transmitted through mosquitoes
• Most common in dogs
• Infects heart and lungs
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Brugia malayi
• Causes Elephantitis
• Swelling and blockage of lymph ducts cause massive swelling in late stages