Nissil Bodies

Axon Hillock

Motor Neuron

Schwann Cell

Functional Classification

1. Sensory (afferent)

2. Motor (efferent)

3. Interneurons

• Conducts action potentials from periphery to CNS

• Transmits action potentials from CNS to periphery

• Impulses to effectors

• Completely within CNS

• Transmits action potentials from one part of CNS to another part of CNS

Neuroglia

Neuroglia CNS

Oligodendrocyte- Forms Myelin

Astrocyte- Promote blood brain barrier, nourish neuron, strengthen. "mommy"

Ependymal- Produce cerebrospinal fluid, form blood brain barrier

Microglia- Phagocytize bacteria

Neuroglia PNS

Schwann Cell- Myelin

Satellite Cell- nourish and support

(The mommy for the PNS)

Disorders of the Neuroglia

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/ Lou Gehrig's- Astrocyte's secrete toxins that destroy neurons

Hungtington's- Microglia secretes toxins destroying neurons

Membrane Potential

Membrane Potential

Membrane Potential

Measuring the Action Potential

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073525707/student_view0/chapter10/voltage-gated_channels_and_the_action_potential.html

Neurotransmitters +30 or more types

Acetylcholine – stimulates skeletal muscle contractions

Monoamines

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Norepinephrine & Dopamine generate a sense of well-being in CNS

Amphetamines increases levels of dopamine & Norepinephrine

Amino Acids

GABA

General Inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS

Opens Cl- channels, Cl- influx hyperpolarizes cell

Some Anesthesia enhance GABA secretions

Schizophrenia – associated with GABA deficiency

Gas

Nitric Oxide (NO)

Vasodilator

Released during sexual arousal

Viagra prolongs the presence of NO