NGOsin Poland Last 20 years Next 20 years - FDSC
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Transcript of NGOsin Poland Last 20 years Next 20 years - FDSC
Streams of data (coordinated by KLON/JAWOR)
• Demography and geography of the Third Sector (inventory on-line data base of currently aprox 150.000 institutions – since 1992)
• Annual (since 2002) omnibus survey of individulas (n=1000 -4000) Embedenes of social economy (voluntarism, philanthropy, ethical consumerism, generalized trust, perception of social economy)perception of social economy)
• Quantitive approach – biannual research stratified sample of 2000 - 4000 institutions of Third Sector – (in depth face to face interview) – last edition June 2008 , next October 2010
• Panel of experts – aprox 300 experts and practicioniers (snow ball) regular on-line survey
• Other KLON/JAWOR research in the past (JHU, NGO Sustainability Index, Civil Society Index – CIVICUS, Civicpedia -Open knowledge repository (data, reports, working papers, anthologies)
Dynamic of demography of third sector
Fields of activities of NGOs Percentage of
indications as the
single most important
field of activity in 2006
Percentage of
indications as one of
the fields of activity in
2006
SPORTS, TOURISM, RECREATION AND HOBBIES 39,20% 46,70%
CULTURE AND ARTS 12,80% 23,10%
EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING 10,30% 35,60%
SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL WELFARE 9,90% 20,50%
HEALTH PROTECTION 8,00% 16,80%
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOCAL DEVELOPMENT 5,90% 13,40%
LABOUR MARKET, EMPLOYMENT AND PROFESSIONAL 2,30% 8,80%LABOUR MARKET, EMPLOYMENT AND PROFESSIONAL
ACTIVATION
2,30% 8,80%
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2,20% 8,80%
PROFESSIONAL, EMPLOYEE AND 1,90% 3,90%
BRANCH ISSUES
LAW, HUMAN RIGHTS AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY 1,80% 6,90%
ACADEMIC RESEARCH 1,30% 5,60%
SUPPORT FOR INSTITUTIONS, NGOS 1,00% 9,50%
AND CIVIL INITIATIVES
RELIGION 0,80% 3,00%
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES 0,60% 7,00%
OTHER ACTIVITIES 2,00% 4,70%
Volunterism
Philanthropy
11,5 11,8
14,215,9
21,3
15
20
25
Non-governmental organisations per capita, according to REGON data (2005)
7,8
0
5
10
Rural communes
urban 1-10 ths.
urban 10-20 ths.
urban 20-50 ths.
urban 50-100 ths.
urban exceeding 100
tys.Average number of organizations per 10 ths. inhabitants
No employees in Ngos
0 74.5%
1-5 employees 18.1%
6-10 employees 2.5%6-10 employees 2.5%
11-20 employees 2.4%
More than 20 employees 2.4%
In total 100.0%
PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED IN THE LIFE OF THE ORGANIZATIONS IN THE LAST TWO YEARS
Difficulties in raising funds or acquiring equipment indispensable for conducting
the activities of the organization
73
Lack of people willing to engage altruistically in the activities of the organization 56
Excessively complicated formalities related to use of resources from grant givers,
sponsors or EU funds
53,7
Excessive bureaucracy in the public administration 51,5
Unclear rules of cooperation between organizations and the public administration 37,7
Weariness of the organization’s leaders, burn-out of people engaged in its work 33,7
Defective regulations, or lack thereof, for the activities of the organization 30,4Defective regulations, or lack thereof, for the activities of the organization 30,4
Lack of access to reliable information important for the organizations 28,2
Difficulties in keeping good staff, volunteers 27,8
Too high tax burden on the organizations 19,4
Unfavourable image of NGOs in the public opinion and in the me-dia, distrust of
NGOs
16,9
Excessive control of the public administration 16,3
Lack of cooperation or conflicts in the NGO community 14,4
Competition from other NGOs 12,5
Conflicts with other institutions (not NGOs) 9,4
Conflicts, tensions within our organization 8,4
Abandonment of the mission for which the organization was created 6,3
20,00%
25,00%
30,00%
35,00%
"Unhealthy change of diet" of third secor in Poland ?
% of total income of the third sector 2003-2007 Central and regional govrnment
Local government
For profit econimic activity
Cost recovery (non-profit)
economic activity
Membership fees
0,00%
5,00%
10,00%
15,00%
2003 2005 2007
Corporate philanthropy
Individual philanthropy
UE Funds (part. European Social
Fund)
1% allocation of Personal
Income Tax
Unique third sector „devices” in Poland
• Law on Public Benefit and Volunteerism
– Council of Public Benefit
– Regulated by open, transparnet access to public funds
– 1% allocation (aprox. 120 mln Euro in 2010– more then 8 million
taxpayers)
– Inforcement of local compacts
– Public Benefit Organizations
– Rights and obligations of volunteers– Rights and obligations of volunteers
• Other legal devices
– Subsidiarity – beeing „rooted”in Constitution (1997)
– Law on Social Cooperatives (2005)
– New Law on Social Enterprises 2010
– Stron relations with parliament (all party groups on NGOs since 1993)
DO WE HAVE A PROBLEM?
Everyday Democracy Index DEMOS 2007
Polish context (societal - challanges)
• Helplessness of individuals (elements of homo sovieticus syndrome ) vs
overenterprenurial individuals. Resentments and nostalgia of socialist era
• Identity crisis ? (Winers ? Loosers ?)
• Dominant strategy of Individual survival (low social capital) and civic apathy
• Ad hoc eclectic collection of policy ideas – lack of solid concept of social policy
• „Blind State” - Lack of evidence base policy and proper policy cycle – hypertrophy
of data lack of diagnosis
• „Big Weak State” (institutional „bulimia” of state, local administration competing • „Big Weak State” (institutional „bulimia” of state, local administration competing
for political mandate with CBOs).
• Sectoral and policy „tunnels” – lack of horizontal coordinations
• Market proselytism – dominant bi-polar model of service delivery
• Low level of public debate (ambivalnet role of media)
• Adversarial concept of relations of State and Civil Society
• Shallow concept and practice of volunteerism and philanthropy
My personal list of third sector challenges
• Identity of third sector
• Lack of understanding of own cultural / political
roots , traditions, dependecies
• Lack of sufficient self – reflection
• Leadership
• Allienation / bureacracy / lack of strong civic base
• Anachronism - we need not only reflection about
last 20 yeras but also about next 20 years
• Lack of stability – week institutional base - hazard of
„grants lotteries „
• Dependence on government money (is there a life
after Big Goverment (?)) 15
Challanges II
• Lack of „dreams”
• Small scale of activities
• Abandoned „big, old structures” - necessary „scalling factor”
• Ambivalent role of UE funds (ESF - „kiss of death”(?) )
• Lack of distillation and diffusion of good practices• Lack of distillation and diffusion of good practices
• Isomorphism / lack of innovations / oportunism
• Low social capital / lack of involvement / weak civic
“performance”
• Integrity and trust of third sector
• To big expectations about role of regulatory framework
• Naive approach to time needed to „rebuild” civil society
LEVIATAN – CHAMELON
CHANGING ROLE OF THE
GOVERMENT
BIG PICTURE – Governance shift
Hierarchies Networks
Separation of policies and services in public administration
horizontal, territory based approach
Traditionlal (triangle) Social Dialogue Civic Dialogue (policentric)
Row Steer Serve
Separation of public and private domain “fuzzy” logic of public / private / civic
“Gifts” Grants Contracts Partnership agreements
Welfare State Welfare Society
Citizenship, civil society and governance, Taylor, Deakin
Modes of relations Gov – CSO
What is PARTNESHIP- Beyond platitudes
Source: Brimnkerhoff .J
New possible systemic initiatives
• Civic Foresight
• Civil Renewal Strategy – Polish version
• Strategy for development of social capital
• New Compacts / Pacts (around social • New Compacts / Pacts (around social
economy, calture …)
Polish strategy for development of
civil society (beyond NGOs)
What is civil society ? 5 pillars of civil society –
beyond third sector
– Active citizenship (horizontal citizenship- civil)
– Strong local communities – Strong local communities
– Strong third sector
– Enabling state (vertical citizenship – civic)
– Social Economy (vehicle of independence)
White Book – Polish Strategy for Civil Renewal
(2030 perspective )
Will you drop in ?
• National Forum of Nongovernmental Iniatives
• Since 1994
• Next September 2011 (during Polish UE
Presidency)Presidency)
• Welcome
