Newspaper' of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price 5p. November 1973

Newspaper' of the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Price 5p. November 1973Asml, asemge ginth r~y~o o 0ea £4L.7solemnlyI prcaI hS a gf G ina iesu.24hSetmerI7Howthepeole f Gine Bisauprolaied hei inepedene: enrpg es.

ACTION-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALBritainManchesterMANCHESTER Anti-ApartheidMovement is to hold a public meeting on Friday November 9 at 7.30pm at Town Hall Basement Theatre,Manchester. The main speaker will be John Hosey who recently returned from attending the trial of thePretoria Six in South Africa.On Friday November 30 Manchester AAM will hold its Annual General Meeting at 8pm at the Lasso'Gowrie, Charter St., Manchester. Peter Hilldrew of the Guardian will speak on his recent visit to SouthAfrica.The group is planning to run a market stall selling white elephants and good-as-new clothing inDecember and January to raise funds. Saleable contributions to Manchester AAM, 565 Wilmslow Rd.,Manchester 20. Phone Manchester 445 2940.ConferenceA CONFERENCE on 'South Africa and Us' was called by Norwest Cooperative Society, Manchesfer andSalford Trades Council and Manchester Anti-Apartheid Movement on Saturday October 13. It wasattended by an audience of about 100.Dick Seabrook, ex-President of USDAW, outlined the danger to British workers of Britain's closeinvolvement with South Africa, where cheap and controlled labour promised quick returns. for bigbusiness.Ben Turok of the -African National Congress of South Africa pointed out the fallacy of the cry thatboycotts hurt the Africans, He said that trade boycotts operated mainly against South African fruit whichwas- produced by prisonlabour or contract workers who were paid a pittance. He called for pressure toisolate South Africa in investment, culture, sport and trade and said that the Ca-operative Movement couldlead the way.Discussion centred on how to forward the campaign atreadyunderway locallyon investment andtrade.Leading Co-operators present expressed strong support, but also pointed out practical problems theyface. It was -agreed that further cooperation on these issues was necessary and that the threeorganisations would continue to work together.BarnetTHE GOVERNMENT should be asked to act over the growing volume of trade between Israel and SouthAfrica, Peter Hellyer stressed at a meeting in October of Barnet Anti-Apartheid Committee. He said thatSouth Africa's links with Israel-especially over polishing diamonds-were of great importance to it.Peter Hellyer revealed too, that Israel is alleged to be training.white women in Rhodesia and that they areworking with Portugal. He suggested that pressure -should be placed on the British Government and thatthe matter could be raised with the Zionist Federation.CoventryCOVENTRY Defence Committee have called a picket outside South Africa House, Trafalgar Square,London on Saturday November 3 Il am-I pm. The picket is tp support the appeal of Pretoria Six trialistSean Hasey, whilc is to be heard in South Africa'on November 8'

The Pretoria Six were all found guilty on charges under the.Teroorism Act last June. The four Africansaccused were sentenced to fifteen years inprisonment, Alexander Moumbaris to twelve years and SeanHoiy to five years. Scan Hoseywas the only one of the six given leave to appeal. ,Sean Hosey's mother and sister, Kay and Noreen Hosey, are hoping to go to South Africa to observe theappeal, it was announced at a meeting of the Coventry Defence Committee held on October 11. In a reportof the extensive activities of the Committee since itsformation it was announced that over £2500 had beenraised, including over £500 from Transport and General Workers Union members.Contact: Coventry Defenece Committee, 115 Yarningale Rd., Willenhall, Coventry.HollowayROYAL HOLLOWAY CollegeStudents Union has passed a motion deciding to withdraw its account from Barclays Bank because of thebank's involvement in Southern Africa. The motion also urges all union members not to bank withBarclays.SARTSART (Stop the Apartheid Rugby Tour) is calling for support for a picket of the England v Australia gameat Twickenham on November 17 to urge the British Lions to cancel their 1974 tour of South Africa. TheAustralians have already severed sporting relations with South Africa and they have been asked to raise thequestion of the planned 1974 tour with the English team.SART is also asking opponents of apartheid in sport to write to tfayers who may be selected for the ionstouring team asking them to deeare themselves unavailable for selection. A list of the names-and addressesof prospective team members is available from SART.Further information and leaflets frorin: SART, 18 Hilton Avenue, London N. 12.LeedsLEEDS University studentsmounted a three-day picket of the university branch of Barclays Bank inOctober. Many first-year students told picketers that they had decided not to bank with Barclays andthousands of 'Boycott Barclays' leaflets were handed out to passers by.The student newspaper 'Leeds Student'refused to accept a full-page ad from Barclays and instead carried aneditorial setting out the facts about Barclays involvement in Southern Africa.The film 'Dumping Grounds' was shown at the university's freshers conference.Leeds students are now planning to step up their campaign to persuade the university authorities to sellall its shareholdings in companies with South African interests. Last year Leeds University sold itsholding in ICI became of the company's South African involvement.ASTMSA GROUP of ASTMS membersat ICL's Reading plant have donated a day's pay to the Anti-ApartheidMovement as an expression of their disgust at the company's sale of a computer to the South" AfricanDepartment of Bantu Affairs. The computer has been reported to be being used in the administration of thePass Laws.At another ICL plant at Kidsgrove, Staffs, union members have written to the company's Chairman,Tom Hudson, protesting against the computer sale.NorwichNORWICH. City Corporation has sold its shareholding in Consolidated Gold Fields because of thecompany's exploitation of African miners in South Africa. The Corporation's Financial Committeedecided to sell the shares after the question had been raised by a Labour member, Councillor NormanHuke.RIBAMeetingABOUT 50 people attended a meeting at the Royal Institute of British Architects, London WI on October18 to discuss the severance of RIBA's links with the South African Institute of Architects. The film'Dumping Grounds' was shown and the three main speakers were Bernard Adams of RIBA's Council, whostated the case for maintaining links, and Rev John Davies and Rusty Bernstein, who argued that links withSouth Africa should be broken.Rusty Bernstein said that every link with South Africa made white South Africans feel thattheir society wastolerable to outsiders. He argued that 'bridge-building' has proved to be an utter failure and said that toignore the majority of South African opinion calling for a boycott of white South African institutionsexpressed by the African National Congress and the South African Congress of Trade Unions, was'arogant'.

Bernard Adams showed his true position and earned the wrath of the audience-composed mainly ofRIBA members-when he stated that 'RIBA as an Institute is concerned with architecture and not with thepolicies of foreign governments'.The overwhelming feeling of the meeting was for severance of linksas Rusty Bernstein said, bridgebuildingshould be discussed in connection with cross-channel trasportation, and not in relation to Soutk Africa.UNAOVER 70 people attended a United Nations Assocation meeting in Marple, Cheshire to discuss Britin,Portugal antd Africa on September 12. Speakers were Polly Gaiter, Secretaryoof the Committee forFreedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guine and the local.Tory MP who defended Portugal's wars inAfrica.The meeting was attended by a small clique of fascists (calling themselves the Action Party but mingNational Front slogans)*who handed out Portuguese, South African and Rhodesian propaganda. They leftearly after the rest of the audience had shown their overwhelming hostility to them.The film 'A Lutta Continua' was also shown.Earlier Marple UNA held an exhibition of photographs about the struggle in the Portuguese colonies.UNSA CredentialsREPRESENTATIVES of the African National Congress and the Pan African Congress addressed the UNGeneral Assembly's special political committee at the beginning of October.The move to invite them to speak to the committee was strongly opposed by the US, Britain and France,but their objections were overridden.Thami Mhlambiso, ANC spokesman, told the committee that South Africa was heing fragmented andplundered by the white minority, supported by those who traded with them and sold them arms.PAC representative David 8ibeko welomed the General Assembly vote which delayed an addriss by theSouth African Foreign Minister, Hilgard Muller, and said that the privilege which the white minorityregime had in representing South Africa at the UN was being brought to an end.Earlier when Foreign Minister Muller tried to address the GeneralAssembly at the opening of this year's session, a resolution calling for the session to be suspended untilSouth Africa's right to take part could be examined by the Credentials Committee, was carried by 80votes to 26.When Muller finally began his speech in the Assembly, after the Credentials Committee had voted 5 to 4 infavour of accepting the white South African delegation, the representatives of 100 countries, out of 134who were present, walked out in protest.Later the General Assembly accepted by 72 votes to 3 7, with 13 abstentions, an amendment moved bySyria reversing the Credentials' Committee's recommendation that South Africa's credentials were in order.IrelandAAMTHE WORLD Ploughing Championships, at Wellingtonbridge, Co Wexford, took place October 5-6 amida storm of protest against the presence of a white Rhodesian team.The Irish governemnet refused to send a representative to the Championships . to mark its disapprovalof Rhodesian participation., And three teams-from Kenya, Yngosalvia and Czechoslovakia-withdrew inprotest.The withdrawals took place after governments of the countries planning to artticipate had been alerted bythe Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement. The Movement also protested to the Irish Department of ForeignAffairs.Before the Championships it was reported that one of the twa-man Rhodesian team would be a blackfarmer. But when the two team members arrived, they both turned oat to be white.At the end of September Irish AAM feld a very successful week of solidarity with the peoples ofPortugal's African colonies-the first campaign to be mounted on Ihis scale in Ireland on the question of thePortuguese colonies.The week was opened by a Press Conference in Dublin given by Father. Adrian Hastings on September 21.He appealed to the Irish churches to pay a more active part in the fight against racism.On September 26 Father Hastings spoke at a crowded public meeting in the Hibernian Hotel, Dublin.A large picket was mounted outside the Portuguese Embassy in Dublin on September 20 to demandPortuguese withdrawal from Africa and the breaking off of diplomatic relations between Ireland andPortugal.

During the week Guinea Bissau proclaimed its independence and both the Anti-Apartheid Movement andthe Union of Students in Ireland issued statements calling on the Irish Government to recognise theRepublic of Guinea Bissau.At the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement's AGM held on October 27 at Trinity College, Dublin, HughLewin, a former South African political prisoner, spoke about the situation of political prisoners in SouthAfrica.WMASA MedicineA RESOLUTION condemningracia discriminationin South African medicine was defeated at the WorldMedicalAssociation's27thAssembly in Munich last month, after Britain, West Germany and all the majorWestern countries had lined up behind South Africa.But the defeat came only after a long procedural battle and an undertaking by the WMA's President thatallegations of racial discriminationin the practice of medicine in South Africa would be investigated.The first round of the battle came when Ghana submitted a resolution vehemently condemning racialdiscrimination and instructing the WMA Council to look into discrimination in S~uth African medicineand to report back to next year's Assembly in Stockholm.The Chairman of the Assembly's Resolutions Committee, a South African, was forced to resign after hetried to disallow the-motion. He was replaced by an Indian delegate and the reconstituted committee votedto allow the resolution to go forward.South Africa then moved in the Assembly that the resolution be taken off the order paper. When theWMA's President ruled that the resolution should stand, South Africa and West Germany moved a vote ofno confidence in him, but this was defeated.When the resolution was finally debated West Germany proposed an amendment which deleted allreference to South Africa and instructed the WMA Council to look into any form of discrimination inmedicine anywhere in the world.The amendment was strongly opposed by Ghana and Nigeria who argued that if it went through the WMAwould be totally discredited in independent Africa. But it received overwhelming backing from thecountries ofWestem Europe and was finally approved by 56 votes to six. Ghana, Nigeria, Pakistan,Uruguay, Veneguela and Turkey bioted against the amendment.But feeling among the African delegations ran so high that the President was forced to concede thatallegations of racial discrimination in South, African medicine would be investigated tinder the terms of theamended resolution and that a report would be made to next year's Assembly. So the battle will go forwardto next year's WMA Assembly in Stockholm.ArgentinaSports banARGENTINA has announced that it has broken off all forms of sports relations with South Africa andRhodesia.A spokesman for the country's sports secretariat said: 'The decision is founded on the racist policy followedby these two countries.'The first time the ban will come into operation will be next month when four South African athletes will bebarred from a three-day athletic competition to be staged in Buenos Aires.West GermanyObservatoryTHE WEST German Government has refused permission for a West German research society to build anobservatory at Gamsberg, Namibia. The move followed the visit to West Germany by a delegation fromSWAPO (South West African People's Organisation) which held six days of talks with GovernmentMinisters, members of the ruling SPD and leading churchmen.Other ground gained by SWAPO includes West Germany's agreement to me the name Namibia officiallyfrom now on.The West German Government refused to close the German consulate in Windhoek: their offer to place itunder the direct control of the Foreign Ministry in Bonn imtead of under the German Embassy in Pretoria.Bonn has taken no steps towards ending its 1962 cultural agreement with South Africa or towards theseverance of its economic and military links with the territory.

AntiApartheid News November 1973 Page 3Police did not fire warning shotsiw. Jorl-11,00MI, ' 1' 4Western Deep Levels Mine where II miners were shot dead by policeNO WARNING shots were fired before the first two waves of shooting at Western Deep Levels mine onSeptember I1, the police officers responsible told the inquest on the Il miners who were shot.Algy von Holdt, the mine's general manager, told the inquest at Oberholzer that there was no violence,looting or damage at the mine until the police arrived.'The whole atmosphere changed,' said Von Holdt, when Major Cloete fired the first shot of teargas.Major Cloete-himself was asked by I Maisels, QC (for the dead men's relatives) why he had taken only twoteargas pistolsMr Maisels: You thought it was enough to issue two teargas pistols?-Yes.I And this is the first thing you are told to use to try to break up a riot?-That is so.You could have issued everyone with a teargas pistol and an FN?It would not be practical. '- Why?-It would have interfered with the use of their other weapons.Was it more important for people to be dispersed, or for peopleto be killed?-Without doubt, to dispersethem.Right. And to disperse them, the first thing you are taught to do is to use teargas?-That is right.Major Cloete said he ordered three baton charges, but had to recall his men each time, as it was toodangerous.He said he fired teargas into the crowd. The pistols' range was about 60 yards.Mr Maisels: Don't you think it would have been wiser to shoot ,from nearer? I couldn't getcloser.Major Cloete said none of the baton charges made physical contact with the miners. The third charge was atabout 9.15pm and the first shots were fired ten to 12 minutes later. At that stage he himself had been twicestruck by stones.Mr Maisels Did you tell your men to fire warning shots?-No.Were any warning shots ever fired, to your knowledge?-I shot one myself.Lt C61, A- P Mienie, district commandant ofPotchefstroom,said that he arrived at the mine compound atabout 9,30pm and took overall command of the police.He stationed some of his men and told them that if they wereattacked they should defend them. selves.Asked by Mr Maisels whether 'it occurred to you to order them to fire over the heads of the crowd','Colonel Mienie said the danger was great and his men were attacked suddenly.He said that at no time did he give his men orders to fire warning shots.Colonel Mienie said he gave an instruction when he arrived at the compound to assess how many rounds ofammunition had been fired.Mr Maisels: You- counted the bullets but not the bodies?-Yes.Colonel Mionie said he didn't see any policemen seriously injured. He was then asked about the shooting ofa man who had hit a policeman between the eyes with a hurled stone, breaking his glasses, He said the manwas waving a stick and throwing objects at the ooliee.The presiding magistrate,Mr H C Badenhorst, asked Colonel Mienie whether it would not have beeneffective to shoot over the man's head.Colonel Mienie: At that stage the danger was so great that I felt the leader, as I saw him, must beeliminated.The colonel said that for half an hour after his arrival at 9.30pm there was no attack on the police and thearea was clear around the administrative block.It was only after the second lot of shooting at about 10.00pm that he asked the mine compound managerMr Justin Morris to speak to the miners over the public address system.Mr Maisels: During the time it was quiet, you did not think it proper to ask him?-No.Did you think that the shootings had a calming effect?-It did not get worse.You sent Major Stapelberg out and you heard shots and you didn't ask him afterwards what he wasshooting, why he was shooting, who he shot-and you were the commanding officer?-That's right.Major Stapelberg told the inquest that he arrived at the compound with further men at about 1000pom. Anumber of teargas shots were fired and he heard rifle fire near the administrative block.

Hespoke to the miners in Xhosa, using a loudspeaker. A mine police corporal spoke to them in other'African languages. Then Lt Col Mienie told him to move higher up the compound to see if it was safe thereHe and his men encountered a crowd of about 100, including a man who was apparently the leader, whowas breaking windows with an axe and dancing about. The crowd started throwing stones at the police.Major Stapelberg said he ordered warning shots to be fired over the crowd's heads. He was then ordered byLt Col Mienic to the liquor hall, where mineworkers startedthrowing bottles and stones. They were led by aman with a whistle, who was armed with a stick like the others.'I ordered Warrant Officer Du Plessis and, Constable Staddler to fire a few shots on the leader,' said MajorStapelberg. 'Detective Sergeant Van Zyl was to the right and he also fired. I cannot say whether anyonefell.'Altogether 17 mineworkers have appeared in court in connection with the incidents at the mine onSeptember 11. Their cases are due to come up-again on November 12. All are on £10 bail, but 14 did notmake an appearance in court on October 12 when the case was last hoard.N'White leadership vIN 1971, during Dr Banda's state Young Turks swept the board with leaders who were cheered andgiven visit to South Africa, Prime Minister their new slogan of 'shared power'. standing ovations afterhitting out Vorstet was photographed at a In a minority of one, Steyn-claimed against racialdiscrimination. Thebanquet seated uncomfortably and that 'white leadership' (the United three men were Professor H W Eunsmilingly between two black Party's old slogan) was the key to Ntsanwisi, chief executivecouncillor ladiet. What a gift to Dr Albert peaceful constructive change in of Gazankulu, Tom Swartz,FederalHertzog and his break-away right- South Africa. Party leader and chairman of thewing' Reconstituted Nationalist 'If we want to commit suicide,' Coloured Representative CouncilParty (HNP). Since then that photo- Warned Steyn, 'then we must put the executive and I N Reddy, amember graph has bept plastered all over political cart before the economic oftheexe-cutive oftheGovernment. South Africa, and is reckoned to horse" by concentrating on political appointed IndianCouncilhave cost the Nationalist Party rights before they have economic This was the first time blacks hadthousands of votes. responsibility. It would be just as ever spoken from the platform of atie conquest of the Nationalist fatal to place all the emphasis on United Party congress-and may bePartyby the so-called 'verligte' economic progress.' the last. Schwarz-wealthy banker('enlightened') elements, resulting in Steyn was given a standing and city slicker-defended' the thebreakaway of the HNP, has led ovation by the congress, which invitation by saying: 'My approach to aswing to the rightin the policies nevertheless rejected his plea and is to give an alternative which is of theNationalist Party and a resort reaffirmed its support for Schwarz acceptable to the thinking to'kragdadigheid' (the 'hard line') and verligtheid. But if the Young Nationalist. Anyone who, thinks itThis year, the process has been Turks thought Steyn would be con. was wrong to invite blacks to therepeated all over'again in the ranks tent to take a back seat in their congress won't find a home in the of theUnited Party, now paralysed political juggernaut, they had mis- United Party. We have to sell on that bythe struggle between the calculated, and the whole party was package.''verkramptes' and the 'verligtes' for shocked when- Steyn-for many But many in the United Partycontrol of the leadership.The United years the loyal number two to party weren't buying. The party'sleaders Tarty verligtes won their first victory leader Sir de Villiers Graaf- in Natal qulckiy announcedthat at the party's 1972 Transvaal resigned from the United Party and there would be no blacks at theirCongress, when Harry Schwarz re- joined the Nationalist Party. congress, and it is a fair bet thatplaced Marais Steyn as chairman. What probably stuck in Steyn's there won't be any at the'nationalSchwarz's victory was conolida- throat as much" as the concept of congress of the-United Party in ted atthe Transvaal congress of the 'shared power' was the presence at Bloemfontein in November. Just as partylastAugust, when the so-called the congress of three black Political there were many Natinnalists whosis the daycould swallow the concept of now seen as having merit in its own'dialogue' but not the picture of tight.Vorster in the company of black The United Party verligtes are

ladies, so there are many United not really different from the Party members who can swallow theverkramptes-they want the reality words 'shared power' 'but not the of white supremacy without the ideaof bring lectured by black odium which goes with it, to eatleaders. . their cake and have it. The party'sThe United Party's central federal policy, which it counterosesexecutive tried to paper over the to. the Nationalists' Bantstans, cracks with a statement committingenvisages, the creatiot of a federal the party 'to white leadership in the parliament side by side with theinterests of all our people as an existing all-white parliament. In the instrument to bring about a sharingfederal parlianment would , sit of power and responsibilities among representatives of all the 'white' allour population groups.' - provinces, together with the" One day later, the United Party representatives of the African reissued a correction,, inserting the serves(Bantustans in concept if not word 'and', so that their policy in name), the Coloureds and thebecame: 'White leadership is in the Indians.interests of all our people and as an The federal parliament would instrumenttobringabout the sharingexercise such powers as were of power and responsibilities among delegated to it by the white parliaallour population groups.'- ment and in theory at least theWhat's the difference, you ask? white parliament could vote itselfProgressive Party leader Colin Eglin out of existence and leave the commented: 'It spells outthe doublemulti.racial federal parliament intalk which was implict in the first possession of the field.statement., In its original version, Of course, it's a phoney. Not white leadership was simply ansurprisingly, no thinking Nationalistinstrument to bring about a sharing has yet fallen for it. And no thinkingof power.,The insertion of the word black either, for that matter.'and' shows that-white leadership is Brian BuntingL

Anti-Apartheid Newt November 1973 page 4SA steps up ad catipaignACCORDING to the Guadn-s book not unexpectedly called 'Not mrut not be in the pay of. or be in aexample, an ad in which an'Open File' column. Snuth Africa What I Expected', whote publication position to have pressure appliedby, apparently inspyctial nutritiont has a n ew Secretary for Informuation, the South African governosentis said eayone benefiting from reaponses expert says that a certain wheat Predictably w hite, Afrikane,andl to have assured by backing it with to the advertisement, product is the most-nutritiousbreakNtionalist, the new propaganda £1500O. lie hat also talked of start- But two of the three blackpeople fast food ever, but which conceals mnerchant is described at a 'swinger' ing a new magacine likethe old, in the ads are Bantustan leaders- the fact that the expert concerned namedi Eschel Ritoodie, andalready defunct (and wholly white black men appointed by, paid by, is employed by that breakfastfood's South Africa's dishonest racial supremnacist) 'Southern Africa. and instanstly disissable by, theholding company, and is also aPropaganda has taken an, upturn. In Finally, there are those curious Scoth, Afria Government, whichcitinen of the foreign state which Activity, at any rate, ads placed by the Trust Bank 01 benefitseconmeally and grows the wheat and which handsSeptember saw a hage full-page South Africa, featuring black South politically from all British-invest-out prison Sentence& to any of its ad in the Times. headed 'Should Aficana pleading against sanctions.ieit fin South Africa. subjects who knock wheat'sthe Black Peoples of South Africa By British advertising standards, Bret that is not all. Under Southnutritional valud.rule themselves? The South African these ads are grossly misleading, Africa's Terrorism Act, itJit illegalD n'eru rcdnGove rnmenut answered 'Yes' years and ride roughi,-shod over British for anyone in South Africa to sayg'U Prcd tago.' (But then why aren't those advertising codes. So let's look at anything which could harms thatClearly neitba.r the Guardian nor

blac peole llowd t tisak fr te fats.country 'socially or ecan"nially the' Times have done theirhomethremselves? Answer: they have a To begin with the 'Trust Bank (Under Section 6 of leAtok n obt aestamslarge white hand over, their moutht of Africa'. An African bank, with 'offendlers can he impris ted fo or kAnger ous hcedset a cansal as this advertisement, written and Africans on the Board? On the fifewithout trial.) So to speak up magoust prcertnly be d sho n haeplaced by whites, proves.) contrary, the name conceals a Soyrla for sanctions is. to beak the lawtmnstcranybshw toavRecently, too, we have been African bank, whose entire board is Thus, ads which show black Southtrngressed Bish advertisingsubjected to the advertisements of not only white. but Afrikaner. One Africans speaing -agaunst sanctioncodes by, accepting misleading that foreign-financed, ill-informed director is actually a one-time Min-but which fail to mention tha advertisements. Yet one wonders outfit, the faceless Club of Ten ister forEconomics and Agricul- speaking for sanctions car ias why. For South Africa hass ea a(shades of the Boers-only 'Club of tore in Vorster'g Cabinet, savage penalties, ace clearly grosslyhistory of defihera~ehsoia nt7 Mten' in Cape Town). muisleading. economic decet in itsracial propASole spokesman for the other- Unsolicited Yet an Anti-ApartheidMovement tGua d ian t ans country ewith btwise, secretive Club of Ten is an cx- mme h opand ote lsigatce ntepsrvnAsia judge named Gerald Sparrow. Two of the tliee ads bluntly membrda whoucmliedth thedihnsyafsc eceiat ande tsh oe pbThe udgeis dubtlss oe of Solicit Brits investment-they tryGthese'aiaertaboutnthewdishonesty of scteethhtsrlei hudbThe far-ded adubalescallyde to persuade the British public to ths detsmnawstl yte clear by nowthat South Africa isthos far-mnde anilbsicllyde- buy u bit of South Africa's industry. Guardian that they were legitimate, onecutywoe'nIfraincent people w'sto, probably carefully Adal-h asar'oatye and that the Guardian 'would not iscntrye wose 'oinformabtoAfricand prpagandaotripet South classed as 'the unsolicited test- publish advertisements whcwrmisinform- And that anybody whoAfric, gofro its whitewhr imonial'. But there ar stit' ue blatantfly untrue or misleading.' blindlyaccepts anything at all, saidtheyc the rmselv s ynicall c alt governing such testimonials here, to Btheuainhs owmd' by whiteSouth Africa withouttraten',whchisgvdetl mst prevent the British public from a hpfrIsonbco OOt thoroughlychecking the wholepesusie hvdnlyms eing fleeced. And one rule is-that an eatnloyithsacly thing first, isusually- in for a rudefershairef ei't the person giving the Jestirnonial admitted that iil publish, for awakening,Toivo :Namibian patriot.TOIVO Herman in Toivoa is a Namnibian i wo is, serving ge 20year gaol sesatbrnce on Robben Island,hundreds of mniles from isa home,: Itt the third of its series of reports on political prisoners in SouthAfrica, ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS describes the part he is playing in his country's 'fight for independense.TH4E TURNING point in Toivo Ja Toivo's lif came when, as a yomng, mras, he served overseas with theSouth African Native Military CorpsTHE ANTI-APARTHEID Movement has appealed to the UN to initiate a world-wide campaign for therelease of political prisoners in South Africai The letter in which this appeal was made wa ,s attdressed tc,Dr Kurt Waldheim, Secretary Genet of the UN, and was. signed by Bishop Ambrose Reeves, theIstovement's Honireary President.T he letter reminds the UN ot its Oc tober 1963 resolution calling for the release of South African politicalprisonters. and of the fact that the onlydissenting vote in the Assembly was that of Souith Africa itself, Itgoes on to say: 'The General Assembly resol ution w~as completely ignored by, the Southi AfricanGoverumest, whose policies remcain unchangted. In the intervenisg ten yeas, there bare been more arrests,and the security police have con-

in the Second World War., Being black he was not permitted to carry a gun, and he guarded mdlitaryinstallations. is experiences opened his eyes to the importance of education and on his return home toOvamaboland he entered primary school at the age of 23. 1There were no secondary schools inOvamboland and Toivo quickly Absorbed all that lair teachers could give him. So he joined the flow ofcontract Workers south to Namibia's white 'police zone' and after a period working in the mines moved toCape Town.In Cape Town he met two other Namribian exiles, I Klocongunizi and HI Kerina, and together with a groupof politcally conscious students they formued the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO).Toivo became SWAPO's first President. I I I*In 1956 SWAPO first made its mark on the international, scene, when Toivo adroitly :sent out a statementon tape to M Kerins, then in the USA. The statement appealed to she UIN to revoke the South AfricanGovernment's mandate over Namibia and to place the territorytinued to detaini and interrogate people under the sinister laws that have been passed for that purpose.'The tetter points out that an South African gaols political prisoners net tougher treatment than otherprisoners, and ends by pointing ovt that these p-rier *hase tak~en a stand on the principles to which the UNis itself committed'.Copies of this letter were sent to anti-apartheid orgamisationis all over the world, as welt as to other groupsinterested in the issue. Asa result a aumber of orgunisationts have josaed in'the appeal,' including thelIntratioinal Comumission of Jurists, aid organisatinns in the Nether lands, -Switeerland and New Zealand.The UN Comrmittee on Apartheid has catted on the international community to note October I I as aunder UN Trusteeship.~When the Security Police heard shout the, tape, they inmmediately withdrew Toivo's permit to remain inCape Town and gave him 72 hours to return home to Ovambolaad. He started bark, visiting workers invarious centres on the way, and after speaking to miners at Taumeb he was arrested for being on mineproperty Without a permit.He was then served with a homse arrest order under the Suppression of Communism, Act and taken underpolice escort to a remote part of Ovemrboland where he was placed under the surveillance of ChiefKambode, a pro-government chief who made his life as unpl~asant as possible. His living, conditians were,primitive, he was restricted to within a radius of one mile around the chief's kraal and he was demed themeans of earning a living.But Toivo soared above his deprivanions and continued to carry on the struggie for she liberation of hiscountry by every means available.,In 1966 SWAPO decided thai since' all other methods had failed, theonly way to free Namibia from oppressi onwas by force of arms. At his trialnersday of solidarity with political prisoners in South Africa. On December Ill, the twenty fifth 'anniversary ofthe adoption of theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, the UNo i to launch a decade to tomisat Racismand Racial Disciminton.The 'Anti-Apar-theid Movement has also written 'to interested organisations all over the -world, askingthem to me the-perod between October t11 and December Ill to launch initial public activity in preparationfor a major campaign for the release of political prisoners is South Africa.A one-day coaference entitled 'South Atrica-the Imprisoned Societywilltlakepace on December 6 at theCentral Collegiate Theatre, ,Gordon Street, London WC 1.Toivo told the court th~at he was not amian, of violence, that he considered violence to he evil and that hedid not think that SWAPO was strong enough to adopt a coume of armed resistance. But, he said, his poplecame to him for help and he could not refuse..Toivo was arrested on September 9 1966, together with 36 others, all members of SWAPO, bat their trialdid not begin until Augast 7 1967. In the intervening months they were held in solitary confinement,incommunicado, and tortured while under interrogation..They, Were charged Withi conspiracy to overthrow thd South African "Government and the TerrorismAct, passed an 1967, under which they, Were charged, was made retrospective tn 1%2 speiicatty toa covertheir case. Their trial was held in Pretoria, 1000 miles from their homes, making it impossible for theirfamilies and friends to attend..Toivo knew that he faced the death penalty: but his address to the court was no supplication for mercy. Hebrilliantly described how the oppression of the blacks in Namibia by the South Africaa Government had

created the resistance movement, and he ahlowed an understanding of the, situation apparently beyond thecompsehension of the court.Bat the judge did not see it that way. He said it was a speech for 'the outside world'. Toivot ~courage wasinterpseted as 'defiance', and the jusdge commented that in challenging the South, African Government'sright to governt Namihia, .Toivo showed no'proper sense of'remorse' for his actions. He sentenced Toivot20 years imprisonment. Toivo ended his Address by saying that although he did not welcome prison, hedid not think hit efforts mid those oflhis colleagues had been wasted. If he were to know today of theOvambo workers' great strike two years ago, and of SWAPO's continuing straggle and increasing strengthhe would know that he has been correct.THISSOUTHAFRICATHE Bloemfontein supermarket Nictus (Pry) Led, offers many advantages to its customers, witness itsadvertisement: 'You can shop wish us without being overrun by non-whites.' Manager A I J Bores' explaiesthat blacks are not allowed in the supermarket but ame served at counters. 'In the past non-whites stood inthe aisles where nobody could pass them. Also they did not know what to huy~tao we introduced this;system to intake it easier for them.' Botes is pleased to think that his black customers will no longer heconfused by the great array of products in his self-service section.A TRANSVAAL construction company has anr excellent reason foe not providing its Africannighewatchesen with protective clothing or shelter. 'They ame supposed to walk around doing their job, notfall asleep,' says a company spokesman.A BUS company defends its iniquitous use of black drivers for white passengers, taying: 'We are not tryingto force any doors open. It is just that when we have a shortage of white drivers, pamsengers prefer to bedriven by a black than to wait on the pavement.'BLACK people who come to South Africa as official guests have been allowed tomue the whites-onlybeach at Umhilanga Rocks, near Durban. Local people are faced with a problem: If they see a blackperson on the white beach, how do they tell whether he is; a black black- or an honorary white black? IHOW NICE oif the Ferndale Male Voice Choir, from Wales, to make a special recording foe Ian Smithwhile they were in Rhodesia. The recording, made before they moved on to tour South Africa, was of 'OhRhodesia', to the tune of'God Bless the Prince of Wales'.THE DEPUTY Minister of the Interior, Mr Jimmy Druger, is quite satisfied with the methods used by hisdepartment to determine raceon the bashs of parentage, speech, deportment, demeanour, habits, educationand sociial acceptablty. 'All men are equal before God,' he says happily,.'0ut,al men are not equal becausethe differences are obvious.',THE BEST way to keep your black Work force quiet, says ne Natal employer, is to keep their belliesempty. This simple method'willf also ensure there is always u pool of workers ready to work for whateveryou're prepared to offer, 'When they are hungry they'll compete for j .obp and they'll work,'COLOURED women can now be employed in while hairdressing salons, thanks to the generosity of theDepartment of Labour. But naturally they muat not he seen by the public on any account, and While theywash women's hair or hand curlers to trained hiairdressers,1 they mast somehow arrange to be behindscreens and .'invisible'. AFRICANS should always bear mn mind that the white man saved them from thedecit'vaction of tribal wars, and broaght them civilisation aind a higher standard of living than anywhere-else in Africa. That is the message fromh Dr Connie Molder, inister of the Interior. He admits, however,that the Africans have been loyal uader 'difficult circam stances, that they have often been exploited andthat there is a resistance from whites to learn their language.World campaign for, priso

LAST MONTH in Blackpool the ConservatiVe Party voted to maintain sanctions against Rhodesia.JUDITH TODD reports on the Tory Conference.WALKING through the WinterGardens at Blackpool prior to the Conservative Party's debate on Rhodesia was an initially depressingexperience. Scores of the Tory delegates wandering under the vast ceilings looked and sounded as thoughthey might be equally at home in the Congresses of the Rhodesian Front and David Lardner-Burke, sonof Rhodesia's 'Minister of Justice, Law and Order', stood in a prominent position busily handing outMonday Club. literature on Rhodesia.

The front page of their 'Rhodesian Report' was filled with an attack on the African National Council.the second page emblazoned a huge advertisement for Jumbo Jet flights to Rhodesia and Anglo-Rhodesian Society Christmas cards; the third page listed 22 'facts' about Rhodesia at least 13 of which werepatently untrue; the fourth. and final page lamely appealed to remaining empire-loyalists with -a picture ofthe Union Jack fluttering in Salisbury (Which it's allowed to do once a year to commemorate the arrival ofthe pioneer column in 1890)."Truth about Rhodesia"But some yards away from David Lardner-Burke a young blonde Tory aggressively dished out further lit.erature on Rhodesia. 'Now rend the truth about Rhodesia!' he shouted hit each person Who had collected apaper from Lardner-Burke. His first pamphlet was signed by the Chairmen of various -Young Conservativegroups, urging that the Conference, reject the pending motion that Rhodesian independence_ be recognisedand sanctions lifted. His second sheet was an analysis of British trade with Rhodesia as opposed to tradewith Black Africa. It didn't make any moral points but its implicit message was that it was a waste of timeto even talk about raising sanctions.Further down the hall the PEST desk handed out papers urging an extension of sanctions to allcommunications with Rhodesia and literature from the Federation of Conservative Students also opposedthe motion. It seemed, 'on the fringes of the actual conference hall that the Conservatives had never been sodivided on Rhodesia.Hanging advocatesBut inside the hall, when people turned from hanging to Rhodesia, the division was not so apparent. Thehanging-advocates were still in triumph-flushed voice and right up to the time that the Foreign Secretaryrose to reply to the Rhodesia debate it seemed ery likely that the motion would be passed, perhaps evenoverwhelmingly.Councillor Mervyn Jtnes from Eton and Slough moved the motion. Predictably he started off with Chile.Why it had taken Britain only eleven days to recognise Chile and yet Rhodesia was still unrecognised?UDI, he explained, had simply been 'a peaceful adoption of office.' Britain mast therefore lift sanctions andrecognise Rhodesian independence on the basis of the- 1971 terms which Rhodesia's Africans hadmistakenly rejected.Boos and derisionMr Jones retired in waves of applause and was succeeded by Robin Squire, Chairrian of the GreaterLondon Young Conservatives who, because he opposed the motion, faced a swell of boos and derision. Afurther speaker against the motion, Joseph Egerton, an earnest Oxfordian, was greeted with cries of'Rubbibh!' when he stated that 'those who vote for the motion are voting against the entire life-Tories desert kith and kinwork of lain MtcLeod!The most entertaining speech in terms of hilarity it provoked amongst members of the Press and the GreaterLondon Young Conservatives, and the broad smiles seen on the platform, was by Peter Chalkley fromFinchley who, unlike others, he said, had actually visited Rhodesia. He had found two African tribeswho 'disliked each other intensely but nonetheless were happy and cheerful. He had spoken to hard-working* and likeable African MPs ho weren't really able to do much because of their tribal differencesbut who agreed that the Pearce Commission had been a disaster.Golf ballsHe did not want to play down the plight of White Rhodesians 'Our kith and kin' were short of one or twothings-notably golfballs, ,h said with all solemnity. Urban Africans however lived in conditions whichmade most British estates look like clearance areas.Sir Alec was at length introduced by the Chairwoman who said ttat the Foreign Secretary was not well andit had been feared that he was losing his voice. 'I can assure you, Sir, that with or without a voice we aredelighted tp have you with us.'the day. And so he did, but with a speech which the Guardian has since described as one of the best in.hispolitical career.He did not once mention the rejected 1971 terms which still lie 'on the table'. That in itself was significant.More significantly, he carefully plotted out Britain's trade with Black Africa and said thatWinning the day the well-being of Rhodesia and notfor Britain's inconvenience. If sanSuch was the rapture that greeted etions had never been introduced SirAlec and it seemed possible British trade with Rhodesia would that just by clearing his throat be bur a tinyfraction of her trade against the motion he would win with Africa. But if sanctions were

Tangwena fight backremote mountain str(THE TANGWENA first hit world headlines four years ago when they resisted attempts by the Smithregime to evict them from their land. Today, driven high up into the mountains, they are still fighting back,as SIMON FISHER found when he visited their hideouts. , A YEAR AGO Zimbabwe'sTangwena tribe were in the news as they defied renewed efforts by the Smith regime to evict them fromtheir land. They are still there, as I have confirmed on several recent visits to the mountain hideout in theEastern Highlands where Chief Rekayi and 500 of his tribe are living.The Tangwena me now living on exposed mountain sides at a height of 7000 feet. Their clothes are raggedand torn and few have coats or blankets to keep out the winter cold. They live in makeshift hides, alwaysready to move as police patrols constantly probe the area, arresting anyone they can find. During the dryseason the men make the long trek to reach the kraals from which they were hounded when the policefirstarrived with landrovers and helicopters. The huts have been razed to the ground six times, yet theTangwena continue to return and rebuild.The Tangwena's attachment to the land is far more profound than a European can appreciate: each hillockand- waterfall has such mystidal and historical significance that they have become part of the tribe ifself.At the very centre of the Tangwena struggle stands Chief Rekayi, whose authority is not recognised bythe regime since he refused to acceptthe official chief's salary and the subservience that goes with it. Heexudes courageous defiance and. he will, with little encouragement, launch into an impassioned defence ofhis people and demand that the British Government restrain its 'unruly children'.In spite of cruet provocation he is no racialist: hisdemands are only for the restoration of his tribe's land andfor the right to live in peace. His role is crucial, both in maintaining morale and in acting as spokesman anddefender of his people.Shortage qf food is one factor which could eventually force them to capitulate. At the moment enoughended 'we will pull the rug from under the feet of those in Rhodesia working hardest for racial harmony.'There was an unexpected sense of realism and urgency about Sir Alec's speech. If there was not a peacefulsettlement between black and white leaders in Rhodesia 'the terrorists will take the future out of theirhands.'Amidst a flutter of dramatic posters unfurled by the Greater London Young Conservatives-'We oppose allracism' underlined by pictures of unsmiling Smith cheek by jowl with unsmiling Amin-the Toresoverwhelmingly rejected thefromngholdsground maie is being smuggled through to them for one meal a day, but its nutritional value is very low andthere are at least 150 children to look after, including about 30 of the youngest who have spent all theirlives in hiding.The older children were being schooled at a nearby farm until last year when they Were rounded up bypolice and taken to Salisbury. Government propaganda now states that the Tangwens have abandoned theirchildren because they will not travel the 150 miles to claim themand be arrested in the process.In their attitude to the Tangwena white Rhodesians are displayinig the same insensitivity which isproviding the African people throughout Zimbabwe to mounting resistance. While I was with theTangwena a tribesman reported an incident in which an African constable sided with him during aninterrogation by a European police officer. Such signs of disloyalty among African. soldiers bode ill for thewhite minority, as does the ease with which the Tangwena cross the nearby frontier with Mozambiquewithout detection.Vorster tours border police campsIN THE last four months, no fewer Minister of the Interior and Infor- Rhodesia. In July six unfamiliarthan four SouthAfrican Government mation, Connie Mulder, the man helicopters were seen flying overMinisters have paid visits to tipped as Prime Minster Vorster's Salisbury, and it was later conRhodesia.Prime Minister Vorster successor. Mulder's visit was des- firmed that these were South was in Rhodesiain July to do some cribed as 'purely private' though he African. According to a Rhodesian 'fishing' atKariba, and it was repor- made a well-publicised tour of north Government spokesman they were ted thatVorster did a hurried tour of eastern Rhodesia where freedom 'part of the normal back-up for SouthAfrica police camps along fighters have been particularly South African police operating in theRhodesian-Zambia border, active, this country'. This is the first official

Soon after South Africa's minis- This flurry of diplomatic activity confirmation of the presence - of ler ofPolice and Minister of underlines the concern which is South African military aircraft inTourism were in Rhodesia on formal felt by the South African Govern- Rhodesia. visits. They werefollowed by the meat about the security situation inmotion. But, if tht real truth were known, we would probably find thai many of those on their feet for asecond ovation of Sir Alec were thinking of neither the motion or Rhodesia.Three morehangedby Smith'THREE MORE freedom fighters were hanged by the Smith regime on October 19. As on previousoccasions their trial was held in secret and their names were not disclosedA South African policeman was killed and at least five others injured in a series of attacks in Zimbabwe'snorth western and north eastern areas in late September and early October. A Rhodesian serviceman wasalso killedIn the north west guerrillas attacked a South African police post at Urungwe on the morning of September27. The Rhodesian Commissioner of Police refused to disclose details of the attack or of South Africancasualties, but confirmed a report that a South African policeman had been injuyed.On October 3 a South African policeman died and three others were injured, one seriously, when thevehicle in which they were travelling hit a landmine. Security Forces headquarters in Salisbury refused todisclose exactly where the incident took place.The policeman was gien a military funeral in Pretoria. Twenty one servicemen have now been killed usncefighting began last year and four South Africans have died on border patrol duties since January.The first indication that black South African police are being used on Rhodesia's northern borders came in areport of a visit paid by Ian Smith to South African police camps in the north east at the beginning ofOctober.According to the Johannesburg Star, during Smith's visit he was visibly moved by the singing of the SouthAfrican anthem Die Stem by black and white members of a South African police camp 'at a remiote pointnear Rhodesia's north eastern frontier.'An African, Rivers Chimunondo, accused of killing a white farmer during a guerrilla attack on a fannhousein the north east has descirbed at his trial in Salisbury how lie was tortured by police after his arrest.He said that he was given electric shocks every day for two weeks, immersed in a bucket of water until helost consciousness and burnt on the back of die neck.

Guinea Bissan pzoctaitii. ~ I "', .... .'O "Proclamation oft'THE PRESEN tine in the frst objective thistory frmikind is marked by of Guinea Bissau athe people's struggle towards Verde Islands. adDtheir complete emaflitation these two teetosfrom coloaism, impe ism ceinofanAand all other forms of domination which i stuand oppression that impede the mhch es stongadvanceme nt and dignity of man, mrh tadpeace and prgress. So.iIn the liberated areas of =.dGuinea Bssau,our people, guided 'The state o Gby the African Party for the regards as thre bmrIndependence of Guine and the its external policy'Cape Verdes(PAIGC), under thre ment of the tlisable direction of its founder and and cmbatve ilstoremost militant, Amilcar people with th.soCabral, have built over the last for freedom and im17 years of political and amned Africa, Asia 'an L.struggle, a new life. They have at and with all A'thor disposal a solid political struggling against h,

organ isation, tan administrative 'The State ofG.,organation that is,in constant an integral part ofiA evoluition, a jud icial Organisation, fighting for the ua devel0hon economy, Socia African peopieaw!and cultural services and national freedom, dignit antarled forces .... eth political, eon,'In- flagrant violation of the c ro nand culturalinternational law of our times, peoples-..'the Portuguese colonlalists still 'The State o Ganssin in scene prtion Of Our ...u..mas the teapenational territory. The highst promotingthe e ,anintrnational body, the United of the countyNations, has recognised many materialfon4riatimes the illegality of this development oftcpresnce . .and lesianologysyltconstant intrep* "" Power ." standards ofthec aonomic lif o o0 , . ' : O'Tire National Popular Assem . want to achieveably was formed on the bsis of the well-being and, r'principle that power comes from tesonoure mo:the pieople and muast Serve the1peole It is formed by reprren- 1 gt7atives elected by universalsuffrage, direct and secret, add 'From the hitiIN September the National the mjiddle of 1963 when 'the being rlduder the dualleader-" Theprocess cntinued in 1972. xressanfsvreg wiofth .'roclrte n aPopular Assembly of Guinea first small liberated areas Were ship of the PAIG and electiv A majoreffort of explanation anof the people of Guinea Bisaus Guinea Bisau,A Bissa*: u proclime that theclemdof Portuguese control. committees. As' the ment an organisction ~by full-time PAIGC 'iving voctotesvrin te ogaisatiownfu ws an indepndent handestin vllgeommittees of women who led the strgle, work.workers opened acampa for a i of the people the Nnl o nic. . anlr_ support for the PAIGC then began ed out its Strategies, andfought general electintoug t t Polaf A the ly assembled in ilngal atestate. BAStL DAVIDSON dis- to grow into public coomittees the Portuguese occupying forces, liberatedaes. Thia was carried ie region of Ble on Septembler voi . lenga fora hcussea the background to and of people's particiption in the the PAIGC were backed now by a through thesimmer months, sad 24 1973, solemnly proclaims the state has no ngtIsigificance of the pro- struggle. detailed political structure which. resulted in-the electionby direct state ofGuinea Bissau. any agreement ciclarnatbon. As the army of PAIGC grew had never existed before. and seceet ballot of apeople's 'The state of Guinea Bissau is involving our countWITH THE decelaration n Sep- tronger, was better abletdefend This structure still lacked co- comiitteefar each of the fifteen a sovereign, republican, democra- ments, convelutb te be, 24 of an independentits liberated areas from Portuguese ordinating/ a of its own, regions of the liberated areas, tic, anti-colonialist and atil- alliaces and aoc State of Guinea - Bl"au, offensive raids, and could slowlyLooking ahea towards indepeni. Towards i e end (f 1972 these imperialist stat and has as its in ths pastk(asal movement of liberation and putsh the Portuguese out of broader dence, Cabral and his colleaguesffteen regional comittees e reconstruction led by the PAIGC areas in the south and north and decided thatthe time had come met and selected. from amongs aoh s vt r east, theseoinmitteesofparticpa- to widen and intensify popular their numberthoaseWho were to severely challenged. Knowingthi, First, it transforaw

iper ia i . . ... tion of active involvementim the participation only in te form a People's Nationalthey closed their ranks in ager, t opSis a victory tr 'sets *a' work of the self-iberated-became local day'to-day work of self- Assembly. ThisAssembly would and said little to- the world. The longer repiresentelsltadmark alo y the bitter ad more representative, more exper- role but also in the forthcoming adopt aconstitution, nominate a worid should judge them by their of iberato,.i.u ilenced, moee effective. By 1965, decions and protlems of a State Council, and declare the actions, nottheir words. but b an' ''courageous road of Af.ica. - in many* rea, they had become national state, country'simdependence;and it hs What their mood was then may ywe "ypeoples struggling against foreign fully eleciecmite epol o~oealtu 6seihisorule, racism and apartheid. T fi lerivecounittsesp - To that end they promoted nowdone all thi.be gauged from a letter written dowedwithireland sark's value will be recog- fbhe for self-rule on one side, m d election, during 1971, of co- Threelarge internal objectives by Aristides Pereirn last March, a tures. Many munhi for active co-operation withthe ortnating committees for each of may thus be seen to have been personal letter which he will ot nisedthe State; oth rsed tar into the future, and in political and military full-time their liberated areas. This wksecured. The first was the assurance now mind if I efly uote. le aetointheevery part of Afri a shere this workers of the PAIGC on the was done by the end of the year: of a profoundpopular involve- wrote of his own sorow at losing wilstruggle rages, just as its foun- other This elective nature of the indeed by October when Cabral mut in theformation of State the friend cotrade and leader becoming a fullm cations arise frm the hard-won viUiaeeommiNtais continued to b " organs Tre scdas the if oo e, and leader United Nttionachievements of the past 17 years. he c contne t brought out detailed news of itrgans. The secoodwas the of so many years of common be a full meT e ae large c ; t be reinforced. during isvit to Bitain and die initiation of a constitutional s.effort.T -r a c t d By 1970 the progress was Such Irish Rpubic. aration of powers between Stateisation of Afrinot exaggerate the truth of what that all the liberated areas were and party,legisiature and execu- Criminal Secondly, 41thhas happened. t t.tire: a separation which, in Cabral's 'But thisis how I feet myself, translates a strif.Here I Should like thinking fro the firt, is to be as a person.As a militant, my pios hope of internquickly at two aspects of the carried further under coIt $sets ar p* carried r de nlitions indignation and con temnpt for the It tsaerdeclaration. What is its -esning of peace. The third was the enemycontinues to grow as we the territories he,for the gnsSle of Guinea Bissau com pletiol Of the country's getthe full details of this criminal against cotonijiminside that country: as it were on independent political structures,conspiracy which the eneny was still goes on.the internal side of the matter? providing mong other things a ableto a out so well. Tis meal when ttlAnd what is its wider meaning for maoiding amo rthigas abls w The m on e thsmanifestly demnrati basis for hatred and revulsion give me still torai, soeasipi the se of liberatin: as itwere the organs of this new State. more strangth and energy to carry toverseasrotereeidthrough the wotk that the work desperately forLogial of all of us, ad was the workofor subvertig ULogical On the human side, of couse, Amlear whom we have lost meats througeran

. The first point to ntice is that all this has meant much more. On thehuman sideth ee r- form' or'cthe declarationt ofindependence is When agents of betrayal murderedatiosn of independence is one more But the derletatinot made as sosse-sort of arbitrary Cabral last January, and sorelyvindication of the fighting unity yond equivoc"ayf political warfare. On the wounded Cabrat's deputy, Pereira, andintegrity of the men and of national libarAslogical ia the outcOme of they were acting on a Portuguesewomen the PAIGC and lh sale or for an*iil: o cal and planned procee of , . . . ,a ' - plan aim ed at ie system ati peoplewh os they lead' h and that the isesocial and political seconstruction, d dlls"antl ment of the PAIGC bypoenaado e cly lae C t has man northingand is the eas of the struc- ' means of sabversion Even thoughplanned, and delayed only by a complete freetures of a orw society emerging . the plana had no clhae of success,few months because of Amilcar's from foreign or si1in the liberated ones of Guinea . the men ad women of thePAIGCdeath and Pereira's need to Ee- declaration wlylBissau in the past ten years. Aristides Pereirasuccessor to AmilcarCabral as SeiretarY-Geweral kmewvery well, all the way u p cover from the ,ssassin's wounds. liberated futiweThese structures of a new fat PA : 'Tie drearationf indepeneae translates a state of ..and down theworlanhof command, Externally, the declration as continent, andsa csocety begans to take shape after fadt, and not a pious intenataon to Ile free.' -that the world thoughut 'themat leant two important meanings. modest and rodtFl

ration colonialista involving our country Cape wilt be submitted to the Popular on of Asembly whichwill review them Ir the in accordance with the interests rrland of our people. which 'The State of GuineaBissauaffirms the principle that it is struggling against Portuguese colonialism and not against the PortulguSepeople, with whom Bisu l io maintainves reltins of friendalip and ,force- roribty.Aof ou , Bordersnelin 'The borders of the State ofGuinea Bissau mark the bounds-C~winning their rightsalsned world . e a4sU d At another meeting held o Otct suppor of the Puo,ent~N:r Portuguese missionsame time 500 Catholics attended a Ma s for justice for the African people in the Portugurse colonies at StPat ick's Cathedral.Vigil--F--rtnoemguiwist% ip

INSIDE SOtUTHIERN AFRICASouth AficaBPC leadergoaled for fiveyearsTTIELTE ACY Dhreciar f SASO (he black South African Students Orgnisation) Jeff Duro Baqwa, " wnassred withi a five year bannsingorder, and restricted to the FLL zrumkalu district in the Tranisyssa on 'October 12. All thre senior ofils ofSASO who ate still in Sothl Africa have now, been place d u' nder restrictioni ordrs. -. ,

At lise beginninI!,ofOctobmer theBPC'sr National Olganise, Aaron Mosibueli Mangena, waa gaoled for five years after being found guilty ofparticipating in 'terrorist.activities'. Police witnesses alleged that be had helped to send~ youngnien overseas for military training.In the last few mopnths theGovernmen t hat moved against leaders of SASO and the militant Black People's Conventions (BPC) in thesame wiy as they nved against, hurndreds of mnfidle-ranling leadership of the banned African NationalCongress and Pan African Congress in. the rnld-1960s. Nearly all SASO and BPC's leaders are nowbanned, ) Two days before Deino Baqwawas banned, Security Police caught up withl SASO's Secretary General Ben, Langa and served him with arestriction order. lHe bad been missing since the day the police first "ls~ed at his office with his barn ingorder. At the sme time an order wasserved on Johnny hesel, SASO's Regional Or~anitr' in theWe'te,,, Cape.The former National YouthChairman, of the Coloured Labour Party, Acinat Dangor, hasalsobeen S banned. His banning orderrestrictshim to Johsanssburg, prohibits hiss froms attendancerat social or political gatherings and prohibits hin from'anly-gathering of pupils or students asembled for the purpose of being instructed, trained or addressed byytou.' The order is specifically d esi~gned to stop~him~ contia sing tnhis presetpos tas an orgnniser Issthe out Deartentof the SouthAfrican Instittute of Raceelations.Four leading SASO and BPmemasbers- all of them banned h'sae left South Africa illegally andare reported to be in Botwana.'They are aryNengwekulu, former SASO oegeaisec, who was restricted to Sibasa in thet northemnTransvaal, Bolcwe Mafisna, who was employed byBlack Community Programmes as its regional fieldorganiser in Johlanlneasurg, lToeka Maftde, hist assistant and Miss Nosi Matchoba, who workced for theBPC as a clerical aistant. Abraham Tiro, the student whose graduation day speech sparked' off last year'sprotests. at ltsp segregated black Unsiversity of the 0 North,h as also left thecc oun try.Rolls Royce~engines forSA air force~T4E ONE HUNsDREBD Aeiacchi MB 326Kf fighter plane, which South Africa is to busild underlicorice from ar Ialian firsts ate only part of a consignsmentof neatly 200 ,tew asrcrft to be acquired by theSothl African Air Foscie.The comsgrncrt Aso includes40A.... Armclsi AM 8Cs for thre Army, Air Corps reconnaissanc setonland 4 of the latest Mirage Fl join tem on. theic employers'fighti er. premises.Thre MIB 326K is fitted fil a W~hites who employ, Africanis as Rolls Royce Visper 632 turbo'jetslrvants are also being asked by the engine, made inder liei e by an authorities to sign a document thatItalian firs, under an agireent they will dismss , them if they bring signed in the early 1960s when thechildren onto -he premises. ast. Labour Govetnent 'as in The ruling applies to all Africanpower. women from 'the 'homelands' whoTewhole deal shows that any ate allowed to work in the arms embargo which excluder a banJohannsburg area on a 12-month on licence algreements which enaible 'contract basis. fo~reign ficelsees tosell e qsiipsnant 300 strik to South Africa is shot fuill of 3 1 ~ JJloophlsayrConservative spoksanrl ichael Heeltine confioned this when he a We said in reply to a parlinnentaryquestion by Frankl Judd NIP on THREEi hunsdretd African. workcers October I6: 'Exports bv thirdwent ony strike at the Stellenbosch.coulntrLies to Southl Africa of arms .Frrsers'Wneydepot near Durban or sailiry eqipmenst incorporeatingin sniid'October. Rosll Royce producsr technology The workers said that they were are a matter for theQ

G~overnments being paid f6.96 a week basic wage 'of tilecountlries voinimed.' plus a E1.16 bonus, anddeniedThe new deal also thows t ht mnagemsent ciaims lat they wereSouth Africa is mon rapidly receiving between £11.60 and ahecad' with its policy nf building f 14.50a week., arnamenits 0side South Afrieato lh strike began after the get rotund the UN isembargo.msaagement failed to reply to theThe first 20osfits AermfacchiMB workcers' demands for a E2.90 a 3 26Ka will be made en tirely in ftalyweek increase. On Friday October but preparatitonsare being made for 12 thsey arrived at the depsot for themodel to bxe assembled by work assual but afterthey hadSooth Africa's Atlas Aircraft received their weekly pay packets Corporation. in msid-morlsing they leftfor theirThe Corporation is also plansaing homes'to assemble Mirage F1 fighters and Strikers said that they would the first of these is expected to roll retrmto work onl Monday to meet off the assembly line in 1977. the company's personinel directorThe importance of foreign invest- from its Capse Town head office, inent generally to South Africa's butthat they would not go hack to military build-up was underhard work until their claim had been recentlyby a statement by Defence met. Minister PW Botha that his Ministeyis to draw up a register containing-foil details of every industry in i o w n i Sourth Africa capable of assistingwith the production of arms 'in Terrorism A c" :" Acttimes of crisis'.The register would reyinclude such fis as Leyland SOutih appeals Africa which already manufactoresLand Riovems for the South African YOUSEF Essack and lndthrasen Defence Force and most of whoseMoodley have won their appeals Motorm anufacturing capacitycould against their conviction under the berned over to tary purpos Terrorism Acr. The two men were and ICI associate AE & Cl which sentencedto five year prison terms manufactures explosives. lst November after being foundDefence Minister Boths sssd that guilIv on chargea of raking part in a 'healthy and dynamic ecosonicterrorit activities. structure' was one of the basic Thre two- were accused of conrequirements fortesistance against spiring withsAhmsed Tim of who died threats frons abroad.' while he was beinginterrogated bySecurity Police a year ago.Housew ives Mrs Amina Desa, who wssseemed with the two mess, wasrefused leave totapealiayd is servngrefuse wage adfive year sentence ander"t heTerrorism Act.increasesANGRY white hosewives have been C ricket visitprotesting tote ot Ar c oneaed aAfrican servants working conditions rpbihdby the institute, The j nf li m eetingleaflet had been distribsuted to40,000 domestic workers ins the A MEETIING organined by the Johannesburg area. AlimedTitmol Memsorial CommssitteeAccording to the Institute's to mark the seconsd annirvemsary of Sothern Traseal Secretary. Mms AhmiedTimol's deathrsunder ssterroSue Gordon: 'One of the main gation by'the South Afticandecuritycomplants was thatlIhad'the cheek Police, was told by the Cssloitred 1o give the Jeaflets diret to theLabour Party's Depsuty Leader, wor'kers, -instead of' going to their Ravid Curry, that bladck pesople in'insdans2 Sooth Africa were changing their'Ansother comptlaint was that "all attituides and developing a pitilosothle sereants in onr area have thatphy of 'black conaclousnes' pamphlet and you- are causing He said that two black cricketers,trouble by ianding it out." Yopuscis Ahmed of Pakistan and John'Yet another was against file Shepherd of the West Indies, viho wage we said domecstic servants areplanninlsg ritois torouth Africa ,1rould receive: R35 Iabout C20.30) witlas thje Derrick Rtobins crickret a

month. (an anyone really claims tesam woueld ofsa be welcorned by we are askinsg ton snuch?'blacks in Sioth Aflies,Soesrvsi tow ns ountd He sald bie wanted to sayJohannesbr are being forced to publicly to the~ twso-nen: 'We dosign away thpeirchiildren for as long lnt View Your Visit to SotathAfrica an they worlsklfsr whites. They,have with gratefulineas. to pledge that they understand they - 'W~e wilt dot be used an the wilt late theirjobs if their chlidrets white moan's toul for crowlIng beckinto the sport world-fil e wants ro, "rawl back into world sport, let himn crawl on his own tnderbelly not asthe backs of the blacks." The neetingcommemorated the deaths of 22 -people while' in detention under thecountry's Terrorsm 'Act.We are at war-Army chiefSOUTHI Africa is involved in enemy action which could be described as water, 'accordinsg to the country'sArmV Chief, Liutenant General took Mal".s,- e i ta the Aftria se Junior Sakekasmer(ChaniberofConmmerce): 1t is dangerous to become complacentor to te over-confident in or defencde rce.' Remember-other 'tstes inl Africa can fight and lore and tome back again. We can only lose once.'General Melarn said that only 'a snall percentage of the three arined forces was, made up of career soldiers.le urged emlyers to give sympathetic consideration tn young men illing to serve i n the South AfricanDlefence Force and asked that this service should not interferewith volunteer futrte careers.Police questionImulti- racialcricket teamTHE FIRST multi-tad 0 sportstea i-ascricket X-to play offcially at club level were interviewed, by police ast heycatme oif the field atltse beginning of Octobar,-Police took down the names of playersmembers of the-Aurora cricket club inNatal-as they stopped play.The matchawent ahead in spite of an urgent proclamation iassuedbythe Minister of Sport, Pit Koei hof,declanng multi-racial athees on private or public grounds unlatfl.The Aurora Club has questioned the legality of the piroclamation. According tot the police papers will beforwarded to tht Attorney-General and the case tv-Ill be a test one.Black townIhipshear ANCbroadcastsTHE AFRICAN National Congress lisbegun dolly broadcestsato Sooth Africa on the External Service ofRadio Zambia.Every programme gout out in English and one African language. Somec prograinmess ate also transfledinto Aftikiant.Thestaion broadcasltsfrom 1.30 2.30pmn on the 31 and 60 meter bands.Reports from the African townchips around South Africa's main cities say that the news that the ANC canbe heard on the radio is spreading among, the people there.South Africais key market-UK ministerBRITAIN regarded South Africasa one of its key export markets, according to Lard Ocisaihyn.r Ministerwithout Portfolio, who is On a two-week visit to South Africa.Lard Druldbyss's brief it to promote trade between SouthAfrica and liritam. He went onlto say that Britainin-tended to remain 'a verygood customer' for South African prodt.He said that 1 trade missions from Britain would visit Stuth Africa in 1973,making a total of 60 in the pastfive years.Army dominatedby AfrikanersTHE proportion of Afrikanes to Elnglish speakers an the South A'frcan armed forces is shifting more andmore in favour of the Afrikaners. They now oursiamber English speakers bysseariy l to 1 According to the

South AfricanDefence Force's Registering Officer, 62 pee cent of the 30,000 youths called up for nextyeas -gave Afrikatans as their home language, at opposed to 38 per cent English speakers. The figures usedlobe 60 per cent Afrikaans to 40 per centEnglish.ZimbabweUCR Studentsapp.eal againstsentencesONE HUNDRED and fifteen African students at Univerisiy College, Rhodesia have appealed againsLgaol sentences of between six and nine monthss hnpased after deomstrations on the university canpus last.August. Police with dogs were called onto the mmrrias to break updprotests against the erpaisiion of aixstuidents, isncluding the President of the Student Representative Council.Three lecturers at the university have been deported since the demonstrations after they protested againstfthe presence of poliee on campus.Latest news from the university is of a row blowing up over staff salaries. Black lectur es have "allegedthat white members of the academic staff receive larger salaries: this has been denied by the univemityauthorities.NamibiaBlack,,, leaderfloggedJOHANNES Nanigutcilsla, leader of DEMKOP (Demnocratic Co-operative Development Party), wassubjected to a public flogging at the end of October, After the flogging he had to be taken to hospital byfriends.The punishment was ordered bythe stooge Chief Minister of the Ovamboland Bantuotan, Filemon Eilifas.Johannes Nanigruuala las just been released from prison, where he had been held incommunicado torsevera] weeks writhout churge.In the Ovabo and Bantustan'sterritorial court eight members Of the SWAPO Youth League were fined £58 or six months gaol afterbeing found guilty af 'convening, holding, addressing oratending' an illegal public meeting in Ovambolandon July 29.Hundreds ofpeople are still beingdetained without trial in Ovansholand after demonstrations and meetings which were held throughout thearea in protest against the electins for a stooge Legislative Assembly in August.

AntiAparthi d News Novembher 1973Pg9Toru sde tue.i~1, d:1p,, fs te 10 ea s n opulation (19 . 7) N~ubrofeectur icc a rapdly diecreasing active theregime's atiue toads te,,, ,,, I ,atiialAssmbly th Potuga 8,00,00 2000000population. In thsat year the e10io 00ofrepresettivesof~p[-,,-i ~6) 4teCttoeg.tu Anlapopulation of Mozeambieqt #10 tlo P~ortgueeclavewhcwa11,im itejoet te Moabqu2,00,000 16004 meillion, is extpected t exceed chat aneedby Ini as ogaoabacwarness, Potugal haa the ost CaeVed 1Iands 272000O 2545o Portugal, which wilhaveeven 1956). Goa, whose ovroradacdelectoral m cn in the GunaBsa 47,000 112,6 l ess than the 86nmillionrgisteredi Geneal stisis tin exile inLibonuin68 thve 1970 ensus. was untl reently repeented bWs.SoTmisad763140 7,206 Ac Anadcar Cabral focresaw, thce threedepuciin the NationalEuoencutisi cntk t Mem 48,0002:594 recent procelasation'of indespecad-Assembtly, symlcally eletdbleat 2 hursbeoreth ful esutseuro by Guinea Bisau'es Natioal Gosac residing in'Potgl Anolaofneetinaeknw i ortugal Meo~t o cu' p apttit is made up of(Cinaese 'temary~~e~cec PopularAssembly, rapidly and Mozambiquce.

tin Orandansociofiyt countriess' hbtspre- Pace of changenae fthe ;bit addae r s W'ta b n'storca- u fyuime h hvingeutanlinesnt from ertor~h UneaarceteoCLlreomannucd joe ,.d-td" i h eve sered iltrthe amfor four years- hksbcome agrowinglabltytGoan epesentationw itainedto 0-ie for foeiges eime tomk rpgmaoto fiabc potdfo ua h reglime, however,through in5unen,111'Esenill i rleson a eniey rggdetora exercice. life an dcie to sek better selective censorship ,on'strategic ~toi decided to redute the numb~erth nmeroe~ltors whs nae work~ing coditions and4pay abroadl. issuces', andbyprevntngoppoision of its deputies~ frocm three to e.ar fednto 'mri~optr n Srnglf ig P h hr trmhiusaeacit tt candidates from stan~ding for theThat, mnany obaerver think, aboutAlilhsamnoe Shrae 'oesa disrits-rclrly sooniup the pate of cagdec3 vng A cr, 47 yars of 'of wha sociit callr the aging' prepared to allow any puiblic di. Caetacio,who celebrated the fiftha oa o~~ir oe2 fascist ll, h _ajsm poi- of the poipulation isit Portu~gal rcostImseOf (he notvit alnaetia anniversary of his accesion~ tomiloaealwdt vt-~ 'a ques 9tions- powerlastSeptemberwhere tihe wht popuion is o hctrongest left wings in Europe.esiae t22,0 n 0,00 The ifluece of sorialist ideas '1 T ~ C ' C i Crcp Jivlthe bro ___tr can o bemeasured in terms eof C o g e s p o es N Talot cide wih the whie party gropinpctgs or elections, but insete poplation ters ofinimigratio nscrption A 1 h f. 'evasion pasive resisane to war 4 1 IJ1L (1) ~ ~ ~ ~ Ti Sisctcas. f op~oc recently aconowledged ABOUT' 700 memblers of D~utechceimplex peovided estemrctuelean Minty, warnedth 1cogensas to hePorugl drig he ees ead~ing by Prime- Manster Cetace who actios grocups on Southern Afreica industrialand trade circles with constanctly alert to tice dtangterousuothe lct ondcterta preshIui over a goveercment still attencded a woerking congress to their motiveto ba~ck up the socio. deveopments in SouthAfrc.Pbithe~~ ~ ~ ~ 0ctbr2 lcinwoutb ruingtth e point of thnand opos NATO plans in Southern econIoic nisalitarysyatin of the opinaion could prevent anothrandingth e rs o the sist conplainnsthtotePPmtSofflie Afria t tje Uiversity of Twente w~hite strogod in theSouth. evecn worse Vietnasm, he aid Tolreim ae f rearedt work tintshice, Hlla~nd, in Septembser. Another speakere, ~pacesarch applause,he apipealed tothe cnrsregim. wihin te sytem.The oposiion. In Bonn lastNovemaber the NATO expert. Iylkc Tuorcsp,pointed out t put aside'posile dferences nBu thsa tinme no oppoiion he says, wan~ts to 'abandon' the Coni se h Atlaticr Cont- that the wealthofstraegi irals a c ocentrate on comnbined ationcadtes w~ere allowed in the oerseas territories and are, bcy and ad SCAT to Worki out in SouthernAfric indce bpower aiswde mlcittaryinvolement inArcncolonies; in the Azorec age 'rvltinr moeen' Plansf the 'protection' oaf supply groups ill theWesintferca~tfoie di Soucthern Afica cnflict.were di4squalified. InPortgal In fart, following all inernational routes round the Cape. the conctbcetwteen the whsite The congress deeats ms of,f 1 out of14 patnc an traed, the clandestine Commusinist The terns of refeirence of the minority andithe oppressed Africane them active loa rupIresJi4t5inde iso sritwr Pay and the illegal Socialia Party exercise notqed~ 'the' draatic miajority.spent somne time ins ealin anddeandby th threan later rece their own 'leteteiande eixpanccon of the Snviet navy increctionofrcurret tactics, herludrelegaed under the thetof pulse a jin declaration just recenta years' tcd itdeploymentC mlxigth oct-o Aglncfe

.proection after thce voting head beforete strofdelctrl houot the world's oceanshod O tspi aansweetakens place, capagn (renmemberti Mr eath?). tey eon- The coferece decidedthae discusseor aationwide blnketAfeter mct ig a e ioal an Fro t n ainternationapit of siered 'that NATO~ isbig out- AT' poinS ofdeparture, 'the colltilon for the lerastion mdovetemorailyallwedDemcraic feaure of the electios was'theSouth and that itscspply outes... "at e. A morecikl recasnfor the reoning meeting ofthe NATO~ Po y "'aomtees deide to reiesattd ote'vres aei agro en u f by ivl~ini Q Ster frica waounilinBuseshe~ tou cnetde bler by a~ watdt as h usin f M rtm thgreat becmestelehre tocrttain nuer of depies. Thu msrsi n Mmbique nte guarantef ' e th eitneodePLA inB ititeopsliio in Portugal wa ony msie xdso opulation ftus Tfhecalled marcitm threat to niiary-industrialcoplex. MiP1.A (Pepl' Mvemn for theflo Portugtl whic al-es b taf ? is also partty tbe tlsp'free wol'aihes so eusS a iillitarytheat, lttefemibly Liberatiin oAngolarereettvictotal. uesult of'Sherotd-niirc to a monthlycc~a aed ofe Russian using theat,Ill5 thse drc t wher e theC.adairsat enenyimsage Migifas dy,'stovitBraniwil'd-wasisa honb Geofre of th rimrss ha t5of b&efrmNvrub,,1-9~ . 1 .ingiaault "n indviduas and EE out Studies, Fr~ank , Ja r n beias OlThir., GornSties 'Lionninerptio 'of meeting, parijart the 1. lo ae Thnokngcnreseamnd Hlln' Agl lm e saidOiniesay Novmbe at he lSyon toe hen the dto left Portual since 1961 istmade up Other resn orNT' design to that a futuareWesern Euiropean speak at the London cb. f dittof ~ ~ ~ o lit tir 'cpita 'ngtilbaedt Unvenity ofSssex, rigtoninthe polmto f tie Rpublticis of ae. ome 10pecnt ar rf theattre ooprations, aaincon- restore 'the wholeofAfrilea toits teeeig nWdedvNvcommemoratd. ditualty campsaigned for by South sphere of inluene Thusmightbe her 7 he willviscitirmilngham andAfrica andPortugal. enfre mrilt i otarily with two address icertings at BirminghacmOn, peakter, irnc 'bjrctives: to screen of frc Untiversity 'at 1pmn and at 'Astons C atholicspress for 'rpe~fr said theat Souther rmRusa ndCiee nlec Clvrt at 7pmne evnnsemr idonftn Pate.Thihsucaie reaino- ,Frher detais: ComitteefoMissionary enqu~iry astrh in withOhi cC thAngolaonsiderableivestments and wsiined depesndence. 'and tecine,~ 12 Lttl NwoctS.CATHOLIC circles 'tll over thle takcen by Roa Catholc itedI icen tte African - The only foreiespeakler, Abdul Locndon W.C.1. 01-73 '9541.'rld are pressing the Prtuguese institutions and~ individualss are Gtovernmt~ent for an' ensquiry intoappeale to the Vatian to review it,.allegations of miasiacres andi the relations with Poriturgat uerrgts ofapiests and'missionaries in Conordat siged with the SalazarPortugawl and the Overeas tercjrios. regime in the 1940s. Under this'On October 25'Father Marto - Agreement iced the Missionary 4Olvira, a paih piriest inPortuegatl Statute all the chutrcha dignitariec who a'sbecomse ai ppllar figure andmsi onaries inPortgalare paidfrhis sermns itndirting the by the Portusguese Governmennt.'Potuguese regimse and capitalit The Cardiasa of Lepirencas the msain fcesebehind the wars Marquevs d Luanda receive acslary Afria' a ariested is Oportoequltalant to that of the GovereerGreat interestlcaealsosutrounded Generals Of Moramcqu acndthe trial of' tw panish priests In Angolaand bishops receive a salary Lurrenco Marques who sese eye-equivalent 'to those of disrirt wi nsst atrorities ina the et governors. Father Mario Oliveira is

area ii Mozaniebique. The twe one of the priests who' haspress both Busrgos Ftathers, have denounced the subcerv leaceoflcimporttant evidlence aout the thurch hieratrchy 'to thq Statt as acins o the Portuguese Army in, tesuitingfro its inancialMozambique. dependence on the regime.Muondithe maney istilativesbeing NATO eseapowc captureed byfreedom fighlters

jabouremust fulfil piedge-AAMTHE IMPRTANCEof: th next- forIt_ olidarity with thre struggle incluided in Lahour', Programme ofLabour -Government... fulfilling its throughout Solithernl Afric a nd in Action. These werec to:Promsestoi Soiutherns Africa was Guinlea Bissau. For the first time * investigete ways of ending-empsttssned by Joan Laster MIP' ~ booksitall wan organised, Bi fish investment in Southspeaking 7 at the Anti-Aparthed together with the, Corn.. Africa.Movement's fringe meceting at the ittte, for Freedoms in * deny independence to,Labour Party Conferaice. More, than Mozambsqtae Angola and flume Iodiawithout one man one'00 popimostl deleates, ad under the sponsor..hip of the hseiatenedth mesn, el o-Ot- Lboar Par ty Southern Africa voleSolidnrit Fund metn.*~l nOt end NATO htlp for Portugal'sober I at the Catholic Club. SldltFu. colonial wanTire otherispeak,,s were Jitni Tw o thousand copies of a leatlet 0 demand the withdrawal ofChissa of Frelimio .(Mozarabic"ie specially prepared for Conference Sooth Africa's illegal presenceLbeeatirn Fro~nt), Peter Kujvv ere given to delegatea asking CLPs fromt Namnibiaof SWAPO (Sourh -Writ African to affiliate to the Ant ,iApartheid *people's Organisation) and bohn Movement, tt also ask d them to So, the suppby of arstoGa, tiewe of SAICTU appoiit delegates to thle lifere Suth Africa -Thre meeding wais chaired by on Southern Africa whil, his to be rcpieadspotrtED, Mikardo NIP, who asked thos e. held on February 16 1974 and Southern African liberationprset o oi heAti-pmhed which hasofca upr rn movements in their just strugglepreentto jon te ntiApathi ratofcal sponnt fo the The resolution on, SouthernlMovelinent and -give it concrete Intenatona C.nrnrDee ofn thehoit Support, -including financial aorta-Labour Party and the Co-operatve Anacnandmn ftepittance. Over £40 was collected- at Party. in thre policy documnent and was thre melting anodea mnber Ofthose The main point pitt over was to passed unanimously by Conference.pres.ent joined the Movement. stress the need for delegates to. Regrettably there was no, time forThe mee~ting was only part of ens~ure that the promise mn ppoua the issues raised to be thoroughlythre work: done by the Anti- lion was equalled ,by the debated and it is to he hoped thatstAparItheid Moveins at thre confer-- Performance of a future Labour next year lime will be set aside soon to winl more sofitl support Goemet Particular policy that the views of Conferencepo0sitions were highlighted which are delegates canl be thoroughly aired.-tme, bist now says he wasabout our work in the lalinur beyond the obvious ones, why our base of the habo.moveiisnt. willwrong umovemnt generally. work in the trade unions must he they have nochance of sprouting*Jenkins: whether or not hr io is MPs in the Parliamentary Labour intensified greatly. onceagain.the next Labout Cabinet, can Party, like ,Other potentially It -remains only to ask to What Yosfaithfully,one ever envonage ham counten- sympathetic MtPs, havr to be won to extent one can entrus t t he presentAlan Brooksi The Labour Party anling a pirogranime of economic ihe Anti-ApartheadMovements, leader-ship of the Labour Party withsanctions agianst Southe Africa. aide. 'The few who actively sutpport this big task? I tile analysis up to Wh isi tefonAnd facing up tothe howls the- Movement play a valuable role this poit is sound the answer must Woi ntefo tand Southern Africa rage suchi .Policy will bernet by but they cannot by themselves eria be, ntat alt- A, leadership which I ie of opposition?

InteCtLabour Gvrmntopsug r socompletely abandoned AntiTHE 1973 LabourParty confer- 0 WaBara Castle: once as active policies Apartheid Movement poliociWhen AS AN ordinary member of theence~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ldpee on eouio i rsietoseAt-prted I perhaps, not yet sufficiently in Office lastrime, that at one stage Anti-Apiarthseid Movement, I write Sneout pAledca loneh areostifon t a Proeient.oft the a Apartei rc,.gnucd in the Anti-Apartheid same, members of thse Movement to protest at themost unfair attacksothg Afrawch, ato 'frmnal MmeMnite B huhut she wa -Cb sMovment thiat the long-term per- feltsufficiently frustrated -and angry made onl Chief Buthelezi an your str.eflcange ' refernce ofu damnalaet Ministr thvroughot Wth forinance of tthe, Labour, Party to seek to drive Labour MPs nut of -October oncue by a Special Correspeaefl wihane, corrcespdonatd tlst delabu cr d overn et ith ership (boh in ude and nutuide our ranks, cannot be charged with pondeit in the article 'RTZ defe ndsbroy-withA the poice andvthed ts nd eplorabercord o Snoutr Parliamient) as not simply a matterputting -n clear worked-oult and Basitustans' Who, peay si hbyatheidA Moethe . an th AnI- Afan equ ivco one mutshae' of the predeLictions of the publicconsistent policy on Souther# ntlApat hd ovntcane of th Ai-ca, for ichsh stahr figure, whom the Movement courts Africa to thegrams-roots of the fresnt line, of tihe oppeasin toButll whe arem th emnted of tso depnhlt uatilly, Party.apartheid if it i not Chlifreejuioasa ametoiteeisud y- One could extend the list greatly, It will alto, ad more import- Prank Juddonce wrote that liatlelezi, and alioteofhits i114 whoa- fraawe ,lafsi goveessnens bui the picturfe would not change ntty, be-detrned by the extent SouthernAfrica was too important dusptay sutios tdgaC ie?Let a tsook at some of the main much. In any case, it it essential to Which the policies for which to beloft tn the Anti-Apartheal of turin 1-ti-irt oremal le astigraum mn the- Labo-, leadership to lift the anlysis above the level we stand for have takien bold of themovemuent, intact, ifit had not heen those i -f y -orn ofiodenit l'l and their record on Southern of'ersonalities, their strengths and miands of thousands of activists at for the Anti-Aprtheid Moveasot makeone wonder, withs the, ir pltAfrica. weaknesses and to look at trends. iitdle levels of the leadership in the record ofthe 1964-70 Labour inability to appreciae l th wrh ofIt cannot be gainsaid, that it the thre Labour Party (borough and Glovernmenat woald have been even* Wilton last time round hr made pecent Labour leadershup wine to ward chairmen and secretaries oftmore direputable than it was. those. w is areenideavoiag to lciltwo attemps to settle with Smith be nctrned to office tomorrow, CLPs etc) and$ st tent of thou- TheAnts Apartheid Movement the opprtessed, wisent their tii:on ierms that would line en- spported by a PLP little different sands of ordinary members and. mst getstuck a- S a msassive cornes, just-Wlat sort otlae amtrentched white sinority rule tIr, from the present PEP (except that supporters of the Labour Party.educational ans propaganda drive they going to- be? HoeteL much the foreseeble future Fqar- it wouldbe largur), the performance When our policies ame their natted at the Labour gram rIo.Bp yourCorresponadent ulay disagreevocated over selling seine to of such a govertnment wouldf not he policies, the Labour leadership WillNot a threce ek, not Sa.hree- with Chief Botlseleals, tat cs, to Vor-ster unft he realised thee muthimprovement on the previous be pushed. much more surely than month camapaignt but a-whole newIl iti s most distast ft get nankafurI the sake of party unity -Labour Government regarding South they ever could be by the Anti-strategy of actiO n over the next with an attack , fom theaesskirnand Labouri age it w.old he Africa. Apartheid Movement itself, along two ymas If theLabour leadership amsher of this loontyabad thing. - - This sad -truth poses a vital pro- the right path. choosms to join In'so"m'ch the aio retYhem. fo,, the Anti-Apartheid Move- And Of Course, Whllt the trade better, as long as theseparticipation Yours faithfolly, -

a Callaghan: in his foreign policy meait. With a Gepera Election an unions ace ae vitally important forcedoes not confuse or falsify the real Mercy Etigedalespeech at Blackpool, he managed the offing, what can we do tfl ensure in their own righ' they also have achoices mank-aiid filem face. Our Speciafl Corrspondent repies:to av..id saying anything about that at a Labour Government wins cola to play I propelling the Atpresent the sdedsof another Itoi impossible in a few lines to givethe situation un Southern Africa tei time, the painful stroy willtnot Labop, party" sadits leydershp Laboursell-ut on Sousthetn Africa a full evalusation of it sole played'last time he wianted to sell ams be repealedonce agein The imspor- towards te policies wIch a genuine hia scattered aroun d on the ground. by ChiefButhelezt, Suffice it toto Vorvtei- ame of this question is reflected commiitment to freedom in Only it theAnti-Apartheid Mow- ntve oloigfcsfo hcin ,discussions n ow going on at Souther Africa necessarily entlast meat gets its Priorities ight and nt holwnfcs rt hc* Henley foe selling semi tlat various levels in the Movement And this is an additional reason, Workshard andt steadily to win the raders -may draw their own conclusions:Chief Buthelez!iIs an emuployeeN - - ofthe South Aftican Goverront, As such he earns just overThe H-ouse of Aparthi L0aer- HewsainenIXoteelte wachs preent4 Thsis the asare that-Jack bought. that fired the shot soiwift and hard This it the tax withnever atword qiio hc aamlet h- - - hf isth fim - ~that sakin the-heart which begantso bleed that went touthe State who gavethe no~d peals occupied by lulaangimu,that sold the share that Jack bought. - that heat in the bloick thtpilhaawss inwsgotwjeaadethrrsoa.auThs s hemii~- --that dlug the gold inethat hold the gun which spoke atlouid0 H hasid 'We ate, participantsThsi h ieta hone in the miethat fired the lsot so siftl and hardinHeprtdelomnwihu-that belonged tothe firm- that belonged to the firm that sank in the heart whichbegan to bleedf cin n acthevesser witahoue--- that sold the slugm that Jack bought, that sold the share that Jack bouighst. that betat in theblack hiee. for a hongat-a choe to"V ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~that dug the goldeltbsoeslodith -dfraonnneefuroThis is the black "Thisli the mian whose aim was good that dshotne golde inco-opeirate with the -Govern-that shougi the mned tha t held the gun whc -pk oluthat belonged to the firm meat's polities. Once he agreedthat shon, u the mine ~thatfired the shot-so swift and liard thtslah hr htJc ogt ooeaewtii h rmwrthat beogdto the firm --that sank in the heart which began to bleed ttsodhehaeitckbuttof opathed ustae elrmentorkthat sold the share that Jack bought. - that beat in the black Thi is l~~ theg money andthi -fartheid Bortscn tittoal iey letent-iThis is the heart which biegan to bleed.- - that lu, the gold that settled he tax with nevera-word tn he chose a-path differenttha hatla th bac~hl dategld - that shonre in the miethat went to the Stale who gave the nodfrom Nelson Msandela, Chiefthat beisnh the nlack thtdgtegl that bselonged to the firm - that paid the man whose aimwas good Albert Llitholi nd Olivecarbo,that shloc d t the inea that sold the-share that Jack bought. t hat held the gun which spokeso loud of complete rejection -oftheat soule toshr that firm bogt that fled the shot to swift ard hardapartheid, whatever the cost,.

th - -eTetatJc ogt This is the State whngaK- the nod, that sank in theheanrt whichhbeganto bleed 0 Chief Buthelezi is doubtless aif-Tiluastlseshoctso swift and hard 'thtptainhe ,lu Ifan ,asood - -,hat beat in the black honest and sincere man, But hrthat sank to the heart which began to bleed that held the aun whlc sp o ud that dugthe goldfrequently condemns aeined---- that beat in thie-black -t -. hal fkteithes hot "I lf t ndhard --that shone in theine struggle (the policy of the etirethat dug he gold - , .--thatsank inthe heart whilltegan to bleed -that belonged to the firm -:-liberations movement for overthat shone in thse mice - -that bell in the black - that sold the share that Jackbought. ten yerm) and-in, oppnehtioa itsothat belonged to the firm - that dlug the gol~deverything the LIN and the Ansti--tha sldth sar tatJak ouht tatshi~ i te DileThs s hemoeythattaeckpaid,.Aparthei Movement are doing:,Thiisthegis hic sokeanlod -- -that beloege4d ts the firm lnot is the men who now lies deaid.advoctes foreign investnment inTfd stegnwiclpk olu hat sold the sharei that Jack boulght - Bob DxlaonSouth Africa. -

iAparthei *News November 973Page IIREVIEWSBooksSouth Africa's Foreign Policy 1945-70 by James Barber. Publishe4 by Oxford University Press, £4.50.ALTHOUGH there are a considerable number of documents and articles dealing with South Africa'sforeign policy, books on that subject are rather scarce. It is remarkable thatwith the increase In the numberofbooksin the field of international relations there are So few serous studies of Sooth Africa's externalrelations, particularly since the apartheid system has provoked so mouch controversy and debate allovertheworld,Dr Barber is Reader in Government at the Open University and author of Rhodesia The Road to Rebellion(1967). fie is therefore not new to the problems-of Southern Africa.In his introduction the author explains that he has relied heavily upon written documents and extemv aiveinterviews carried out in Sooth Africa. This inevitably resuils in the book being largely based on officialSouth African sources. Of Course, this is ar indispensable source of informationbutit has produced onemajor weakness in the study in so far as is does not give adequate and serious attention to the foreignpolicies of the resistance movements and their allies, A second weakness lies in tot giving much attentionto t13pp70c0es involved in promoting South - Africa's internlational isolation.. ut despite these and other weaknesses it is perhaps the best avalble single volue6 on South Africa's foreignpolicy, The book is written in a chronological frarnework sod divided intofour separate periods: the firstperiod from the War to the coming to power of the National Party in 1948 is rather brief; the second periodup to 1959 cover the' first phase of National Prt rule; the third period sap to196is entitled the 'Yeasof Crisis~an obtefinal sectiont up to ~170 sdscibed as 'The Years of Confidence* Thisreflects the general theme ofthe book, the initial phase of National Party rule followed by severe domestic and international crisiswhich after Vorster's Premiership gives way to new confidence and increased domestic andinternational security.Arising out of the weakness described already the author's treatment of interlnational isolation measuresare largely based on the assumption that they by themselves would produce domestic changes in SoothAfrica. Thus he reaches the conclusion that these diplomatic and other pressures are largely unsucessfui-the only area in which lhe attributes considerable success is in the field of sport. Predictably the 'success' ismeasured by the changes in apartheid sport which have folldwed international isolation.Not only is this a rather narrow approach but it misses what some would call the very basis of the case forinternational islation-to render no support and end all collaboration with the apartheid system. This policyof the AAM, the UN and the OAU is based on support for the internal resistance movement rather thanbeing aimed at limited reforms by the hite Government. The target is certainly the South AfricanGoernment and all who support the apartheid system but it is a strategyin the context of an Africanclhastinge to white power. It does often have immseediate effects on the wbite community as in sport butthat is not the major objective of the campaign.,

There is no serious consideration given to the basis for international economic and other sanctions. Thesepolicies are considered by the author as if they are suggested solutions by themselves whereas the majoradvocates for tis case have never presented it in that form. Thus, several judgements, interpretations andexplanations in the book will be disputed by African leaders and others involved in promoting theisolation of the apartheid system.A great del of the literature on Southern Africa reveals a body of conventional assumptions which in tarnserve as a framework for examining foreign policies as well as international responses to them. There isclearly a need for more serious writing about some of these assumptions as well as exasining the foreignpolicy of South Africa in a somewhat wider franework.Dr James Barber has written a valuable book, though with a rather orthodox approach. It needs to be readby everyone interested in Southemn Africa though like many recent books it is expensive at £4.50.Abdul MintySunset in Biafra by Elechi Amadi. Published by Hemenmn African Writers Series, 70p. ELECHI Amadi'sbook is no historial account of the Nigerian civil war; it is the highly personal story of a man who foundhimself drawn into the events he deseribes, much as a swimmer is wept out to sea by an irresistable curreni.In his foreword he stresses that opinions expressed in his narrative are his own views, not those of theFederal Military Government of Nigeria.There is, for the reader who is ignorant of the events that led up to the war, a short account of the facts, Itgives only a sketchy view of the complicated issuer involved, but suffices as, a framse for the book's main,subject, naely the trials and tribulations suffered and theexpeiences galned lbythe author throughout thedays of the tragic Bhifran adventure.Elechi Amadi recounts how he left the Nigerian army in 1965, hecause he did iot wish to become a career-soldier, He wanted to be a teacher. Butin 1967 fateintervened. Hewas teachlng at the lkwerre-EtcheGrammar school, not far from his home, which then was part of the Eastern Region. In February 1967notlong before the war broke out (July 6 1967)-he was arrested, mainly because, is a member of a tribalcultural union he was suspected of anti-government and prosecessionist activities, and taken to the policestation.Taken to Engn, capital of the former Eastern Region, he was interrogatedat last and to his utter ariazement-accused of training guerrillas-who were to fight for the creation of a Rivers State, The lkwere culturalunion, to 'Which he belonged, had expressed the wish to become part of the Rivers State, should such aState be created; moreover, as an ex-soldaer be was doubly suspect. After two weeks in detention and agreat deal of stringpullingby friends roused into action by his wife'i frantic efforts, he was finally released.,At this Time Colonel Ojukwu was still the Governor of the, Eastern Region. Events moved fast AfterOjukwu had passed five edicts in rapid succession and taken certain measures considered illegal by theFederal Government (headed by General Gowon), stern warnings Were issued and, when warnings hadgone unheeded, the Federal Government sealed off the Eastern Region gradually by sea, land and ir. Nomore flights 'to Eastern Nigeria, no This triumphwas commorated postal transactions. ataChristmas Party intleRhodesianMeanwiileOjukwu's a was in Information Office in Washingtonthe making and the author relates th year witha specially-composed how the forees which eventuallySong. One of the verses went (to the defended the ill-fated Republic of tune of '0 Tannenbaum'): Biafracame intobeing. He describes We love the people we are with the many demonstrations and other Andraise a glass to tan Smithmeasures which successfully created Congratulations, we assume a snse of personal inaulvemrent; Aredue Lord Goodman, Alec how every reation abroad wat Home.noted and registered either favor- They were also due to Union ably or with ardent hostility; howCarbide, Allegheny Ludim and the student bodies and labour sIiOn other chroin and stainless steelorgsosed protest marches against companies who had lobbied hard Britain, the Soviet Union, or the forthe Byrd Amendment United States how the demands fee Supporters of the amendment secession becamelouder and more toeda wide range of arguments-the frequent; how fever-pits was ban on Rhodesianchrome was reached when General Gowon p- hurting Aserican ferrochromeclaimed the creation of stes and producers, sod making the US how' the name 'Biafra', first on l dependenton the Soviet Union for whispered, throulout the Easternmaterials. Region, was beginuiu:t to be pro- Infact, the US is now buying nounced more and sore often more chrome then ever from Russia,until-on May 30 1967 h in spite of the Amendment, andRepublic oflBiafra wasproclaimd. several US producers' have been

Elechi Aniadi, by no means a put out of business because they supporter of the secession, together couldnot compete with low-cost with friends and colleagues, stayed (ie low wage) Rhodesian imports, as muchas possible inthecom-pond This pamphlet ives a sharplyof the school at which he taught- written andironic account of how But, transferred to a sew school, the US Rhodesia lobby and the trouble startedbrewing for him chrome firus gut themselves into once more. This part ofhisnarrative this mess. At a tnewhen Secretary leading up to the outbreak of war, Kissinger has promised support for makes compellingreading. moves to repeal the Amendment,Soon after the war began all the authors will g e ethe reformesem schools were closed and the adplenty of annaunition.ventures which then, befell theauthor comprise the main Section Aaa ofbis book. Living in 1 viflage and Economic Ties withtrying to keep out of oblhe South Africa by Brim Noone,tarcnob, bleod he Pblsed by A.U.S. 97 Drummonwar constanty harlassed by rebl St Carlton, Victoia, 97 i a troops who, without orders, tried - -, . itr. lto commandeer food from the BETWEEN 1963 sod 1971villagers. . Once again, he was Australian exports to South Africa arrested, this time by the Biafranqurupled to £54 milion, making authorities, and ended up in a Vorsterland the Austalians fourthsolitary . - ' -bietofu biggestmexportmarket. lmports fromoHis life i detetion, f South Africa were only E12millionsordid, tragi-comnic, human d sot generally 'Australia profitedhaman deital, is related with that greatly, on balance, fro track with shot of redeenuing bumour whi.chSouth Africa.' lifts the whole bok out of what It is hardly surprising that, asimight have been s o mor then a Brian Noone points out in this harrowing wardne,-saga. wide-ranging and welldocumentedThereisnesr-leathby starvation, pamphlet, the Australiad Departflight, the breakthrough of the ment ofOverseas Trade throws Federal Nigerian Army, and Captain itself into, South Africa with Anadi's safearrival at Colonel 'phenomena] enthusinem and Adekunle's headquarters. optimis'. In the last twoyearsAfter rejoining the any he Sfsuth Africa has been singled out served with the former 3rd Marine for anexceedingly high nu be Commandos and later joined the of trade fairs and promotions The Rivers StateGovernment Service. Department's guidance notes for He was finally reunited with his businessmenaccept the segregation family at the endi of the war, after policy and use the racist jargon of two years ofseparation. The ebb apartheid. and flow of events, the cruel ravage Mr Whitlam's Labouf governof wartheterrible plight of women ment, in spite of some diplomsati[ raped and children starved to death, moves,has continued to support of prisoners and combatants on, and encourage apartheid link both sides- allthis is vividly des- through trade and incrrnsingly also cred. It is the diary of a man through investment -agrowing numbuffeted by a storm so violent that bee of Australian firms are setting in the end it left himwith just one up direct manufacturing or trading single aisn: to survive. operftionsAn South AfricaNadia Fowler These firms operate under theusual cheap 'labour conditions, exfr! plaining by Vorstet's tradecommissioner in Melbourne as.P'mp h 'Investment in South Afrioa givesa profitable return of 15 per cent,Irony in Chrome. The one of the highest in the world...A"end"ent Two Yea Lat-rb c ofpoduction are the lowest'.imme eaTo Years Lter by One of Australia's biggt foodDiane gOlan amio Anthony La.. Interim Report published by the Irons, Henry Jones (IXL) pays SpecialRhodesia Project of the miserable wages-two or three Carnege Endowentl for Inte 'aud below thepoverty line -tonational Peac. blark farm workersWHEN the US Senate, after tw ' At the other end,SouthAfrican companies are building up fast itmonths argument, -finally clea dr. AustraliaincludeRothliansand the the Military Procurement Act offgovernmnt-nmed South African 1971 as amended by Senator Harry Airways, through which the S

Byrd nr., allowing Rhodesian - Australian govelonsent, controlling chrome imports into the US. itQuatas -h a diect tradingplunged the US into breach of the partnership,. r dmandatoryUnited Nations sanctions Anti-partheid and trade union it had itself voted fin three yearsgroups have taken action against earlier, these links. Dock workers ran aboyeott of South African cargoes, and it is interesting that during 1972 the year of the campaign against theSpringbok tour exports to South Africa dhopped by £4 million.The Parliamentary Labour Party supported a trade union resolution for a consumer boycott of SouthAfrican goods. but Brian Noone points out that there is a discrepancy between Labour's policy and itsactions (sounds sadly famiiiar).The pamphlet, published by Australian International Defence and Aid and the Australian Unionl of Studentcalls on Labour to break all economic ties with Vorsterfin line with United Nations resolutions and thewishes of the African people as expressed by the policies of the ANC sod SASO.Business as usual: Transactions Violating Rhodesian Sanctions. Inethei Repmort published by theSpecial Rhodesia Project, Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeaeAFTER the two UN resolutions of 1966 and 1968 imposing sanctions on Rhodesithe US President issuedexecutive orders to define American partiipation inthe sanctions. These orders, which have the fiace of law,made anyome promoting or helping exports from, transfer of fundsto, 'org airtrmport to or from Rhodesiasubject to a fine of $10,000, prison for up to 10 years, or both.That was the theory. In practice, as this study shows, Pan Ais an or TWA will fly you to Rhodesia on anAir Rhodesia plane, Hertz or Avis will rent you a car there, sod Apietisan Espmressthe DlersCl~b wil helpyou to pay for it.All these companicesare in breach of sanctions and, geerally, of US law. As the stu puts it 'A better systemfor monmtoing comaplance seems required ' .Another breach of the law is the US's complieity in allowing the Rhodesian Information Office (seeelsewhere on thispag for its musical activities), and offsces for Air Rhodesia and the RhodesianNational Tourist Board, to continue in operation.The Australians are to lose their Rhodesia. tnformition Office, but the Washington offic remains openthough it has been pointed out sI hearings before a Senate subcommittee that this is illegal, and that supplyof factites to it by RCA, ITT (hello hello) and Reuters as well as other -US firms are in violation of thePresidential order.The US government has successfully prosecuted some sanctionbustersin the courts. And a sixteenpagesupplement in the New York Jorual of Cornmerce openly inviting trade with and investment inRhodesia resulted in a letter of complaint from the US Treasury (eight further articles-and advertiseientshave since appeared in the Journal).This report, however, shows how little is being done about the cases listed (TWA estimated that its transfesto Air Rhodesia in 1972 were $200,000) and how the US government it still allowing many Americancompanies to break its oem law.THE FIRST verse of 'No Cause for Alarm' published in the October issue of ANTI-APARTHEID NEWSshould have read:A warningin confidenceto tobacco growers frorn Rhodesia owners about invaderswho may wishto eliminate you:

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