New York Tribune (New York, NY) 1909-08-01 [p 7]
1
BOLIVIA THE MARTYR jTS n'RTIIER PARTITION M iV BE STOPPED TOWN OFFICIALS OF TIAHUANACO, BOLIVIA. SCENE IN LA PAZ. The adobe huts near the highway are decorated, some with white flags, signifying "pisco for sale," and others with bunches of flowers on poles, to show that the residents have enough and to spare of the less fiery beverage called cblcha (here made from maize; though in Chill It is made from grapes). And what sort of people are these natives? You might ask the little "slave girl," who sits on the floor of our coach, her dolls in her lap— of her but the head and shoulders swallowed up In spot, which are Instantaneous impressions -so t<> speak— of things actually observed by myself »nd noi of things reported to me by others, it will be sai'i l.y oversealoua advocatea and advertisers of the West coast, republics that Ihave erred In re- garding as true slavery a form of apprenticeship, " • Ich :>< quite a different matter. I shall, there- fore, read to you a note dated In June, lDOti, whlcU relates to apprenticeship, not to true slavery, ami proves that I knew the difference In a minute and years tipro. In a shipload of 740 convicts recently taken to Devil's Island and the other two islands compris- ing the group of lies dv Salut, lying orf tlv- of French Quiana, constituting the great French penal settlement, was a man whose caae la strik- ingly similar to th* Dreyfus case. Doomed to a lifetime of the sufferings which Dreyfus endured for five years, this man. a Jew like Dreyfus, but an officer of the French navy Instead of the army, was convicted, like Dreyfus, of treasonable corre- spondence with Germany. The man, C'harle9 B. I'llmo, a lieutenant la tha French navy, was ar- rested In Toulon in the fall of 1907 charged with trying to sell secret otnVial documents to German spies. These documents were said to reveal the. channels to five great naval ports of France. A naval cipher code was missing. In con6*>queuce of the leak French navul tartlcs and code bookd wars revised. It is said that L'llmo confessed his crime. Dreyfus, also, waa said to have confessed by the Xavnl Officer Convicted of Treason- able Correspondence with Ger- many Must Suffer. TO DEVIL'S ISLAM). LLLMO SENT BY FRAME like case or dki;vfus COOK IN LA PAZ. "The march la resumed until the noxt stage is reached, and then another change of partners goea into effect. Vy the time the party returns to the house there has been usually a complete change of partners all around. "This isn't any summer amusement. In fact, a tramp through the enow with the thermometer A New Form of Entertainment in Canada. "Did you ever hear of a walking party?** asked a young woman who bad just returned from a long stay in Canada. "No. I don't mean little walking trips across country in \u25a0which a group of persons engage, but a form of evening's entertainment. Those Canadian girls seem to be taking exercisa continually, and any social affair Is all the more enjoyable acruss the border if it Includes what seems : > some of us a lot of bard work. "Invitations to a' walking party are sent out with Just as much ceremony as if the affair was to be a dance or a theatre party. It is essential fur a per- fect walking party that there shall be an equal number of young men and young women. Thosa Invited meet at the home of lbs hostess at tbs usual time for an evening affair. The guests are paired off and the route of the walk is announced. "It isn't any walk around the block by any means. Five BOOBS at the toast. One man acts as a master of ceremonies, and as and his partner lead the procession from the house. When the parade has moved a certain specified distance the leader calls a halt and turns his partner over to the man of the next leading coupie. Then each man moves up one, the leader taking lbs girl at the foot of the line. WALKING PASTIES. death through deprivation of milk ar><l other nour- ishing food, Dreyfus refused to die. His Jailers fell ill, left the Island or died. Dre>fus stayed and lived, for be believed it his destiny to prove him- self innocent before the world. lie was put in Irons when disease had made him unable to walk. Owing to the pressure of the irons, his ankles swelled and were lacerated. Soon they were cov- ered, with suppurativc wounds penetrating to the bone. Every morning ihe Irons, stained with bloody rust, wars removed, and the wounds were dressed. 6O that they might begin to h?al a ar.d every n^iht the irons were riveted on the raw flesh anew. For two months this cruel ordeal lasted. Unable to break his will with physical tortures, the Jailers tried to poison Dreyfus*! mind. They allowed him, to sea only copies* of his wife's letters, and these contained cruel interpolations. They next withheld all letters, and said, "Your family has abandoned you." To that the half-erased martyr of Devil's Island shrieked answer. "Monsters, you lie!" but some of the lies rankled In the bosom 01 the un- fortunate man until he was removed Is France from the hellish Isle dv Diable. DEFERRED. The Pessimist— We'll pay for all this fine weather later on. The Optimist—Well, cheer up! That's the regular time lor pairing for things, isn't it?— Puck. Walked Into August Chamber and Occupied Vacant Desk. The American people ones elected a tailor to the» Presidency, and doubt!es3 many manipulators of the shears and goose have sat In tha seats of th« mtshty by election, but only one-, according to reminiscences and anecdote, did; a tailor mako him- self at home on the Coor of the United States Sen- ate when ha had no constituency to represent. The tailor was Hermann Morita Riedel. of Phila- delphia, who came to Washington In April, 1863, to attend the exciting scenes aoxtaai the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson. a fellow? craftsman. And this la the account of bow ho wit* n<?sse<l theso proceedings M published la **Ths Washington Republican" of that day: "A jrv>od looking Teutonic friend of ours a day or two since mada an earnest appeal to our iiug- Kina for a tlckt-t to the Senate to listen to what was jfcins forward a: the impeachment trial. Musgina. as is hid wont. In th.j kindness of his sou!, consented to furnish Teuton with the talis- manie pasteboard which effects the open sesame to the Senate chamber, and also assured our friend that he would accompany him to tha gallery ami find him an eligible seat. Muggins and Teuton started to work their way In, but Muggins was) detained outside of th« do^r for a few moment* and our (;.>rm.in friend went on and passed th« vigilant sentinels at th-> outer door and went cJl- rectly to ihe entrance of the fenate chamber and wad admitted by the Kf-ntiemanly ushers under the belief, probably, that he was a member of t'ongre-s, and passed through th* vestibulo and took hia feat in tho first vacant chair, and. ther« remained during: the entire session in tbs confident belief that he was entitled to the seat." Th»» descendants of Hern;ann Jiiedel ar<» Ihrin? In Washington now. The tailor, who was a "top- DOtcher" at his tradf\ according to all account*, <:.'•! in '\u25a0.". having declined a pension after sal- lant servica as a marine during the Civil War.— Washington I"os:. somewhere down near aero Is considered awfulV good sport. But be !t Bummer or winter, th» par- ticipants in a walki.it; party return ready to enjoy the supper which winds up the evening. "One thing against thesa walking parties, to mr mind, is the continual changing of partners. - You no sooner get Interested in your companion than you huve to turn him over to another girl. Mayb* you draw a good partner at the btart and a fewr minutea later get a stick. Of course. It Is emi- nently tali to every girl and to every man, but some girls, you know, delight in being unfair when there is a man In, tho case. As an akl to flirtation these watt parties aren't worth one or those bis; Canadian cents you sco sometimes, but a3 an exerciser they are all to the good. And. after all. the exercise la what theaa Canadians are looking — Washington Post. TAILOR TOOK SENATOR'S SEAT. From that tlinf tlie policy <if Argentina was clearly Aeflne4. S!.e saw that tne must frustrate by every menr.s In her jmwer Chili's efforts to •tret :. her lore, thin line still further toward the nonfc. in other wordi. Pr-ru's intense hatred of th« cation •whi.-Ii hn'l conquered and brutally op- preesed her must he used as a kind of Great "Wall tf China. Peru* strength muet be built up. Of courts ArßFntina «nd Peru became firm allies by tfrcond-A S<»neral war. involving every country !r. that part of the New World which lies below ;h« equator, is i:i prospect. If. I'eru and Argentina. lirr.zl! and Chili erroneously assume that the time [or the partition of Bolivia has actually come. Third—The announcement that the government «!:j people of Bolivia have refused to accept the .... by the President of the Argentine I'.epubiic as arlitrator of a boundary dispute with JVry etMXfki soiiit- j-eopl* In our i^rt of the world «nd ab« Inlor disgusted otiiers. Perhaps :. 11 .ng i«s» narUiiiß or shockine could have directed at- tention to a last-diR-h star.U In Bolivia's extraordi- i.*rj BSrSSjaia to preserve her existence as a nation. EIVALS FOR LEADERSHIP. In order to understand the situation we must first rfs'lie that Argentina and Chili both aspire to I»»(Jerth!p la Souih America, and are keen, in- tngu!r;g riv-ils. The latter, aui insaaf nl In the war • :. Peru ar.d Boli\ia. (lhfl War of the Pacific slrendy mentioned >. Increased her •«\u25a0••.;:; on the north at the expanse of the allies. The provinces thvii transferred were and are exceedingly valuable. *c fact, it is customary to cay that even the enor- mous Indemnity paid by Prance to Germany was taoderate lri eoinparlßrin with the indemnity «• acted by victorious «'hili. B. Man-Inn Wllfws. \u25a0\u25a0 Ch* course of forty-live years Bolivia has rur- H BRti m her relatively powerful neighbors more than aos-BSif of her national Territory. For ex- tKr'*. l' fr *"* ir * sratterfroßt was acquired by i.hill en tbt conclusion cf the so-called V\'ar of tfas Pa- tiSc. Kow Tf «S4 lier out off from the world, lm- prismwJ. rarrojndcd on all side? by rival states, itfcich »re only jTeveited by their jealous fear of f»ch other from urjdnpr upon her attention the ad- viMfcllity of submitting t<i dlPßi^nibfrmc'nt. Her *!tuaUon recalls tbMX of I'oland \n the eishteenth and Btaeteestli ccj-.t^rics. and at first glance a •»»- tffrt of history is likely to say that a \u25a0 shall soon tt d!»cussinK tl.e partition of Bolivia, ewn as our iincMicrs to of i< i. and with so much sympathy C!?fUks»a th? partition of Poland. But valt a moment. A different rosult, and a rr.uch bettt-r cir.c. may l>e anticipated. Although tWtj one must i-::iceile that Holivia cannot POBSl- bjy maintain a larjre army for the defence <>f li-r thrur.k^n domain, since the national revenues are >» than those of many a prosperous .-int-ss house in Broadway, n new force is at work la that tkylsnd cf South Anu'iica— working: in Renuino American Cushion, r!" 1 tlcalljr. un;>reitmioufly, but verj psverfully in ttvor of j>eace, the general vc-i- M » an: pr<«gr»-t-s. • HoM'ii. reroote as it is, inaccessible as it seems. may t* caliKi at this .-..•\u25a0 the most interesting- country of South America, for three reasons: Psm— ln the present crisis our own people may »ay* the ii«y s'nipl; by completing, with due regard lor ihe ris&ts cf all concerned, the work they have ujidtrtak'n m connection with Bolivian railways and mines. 'American Force* Working Against the Ambition of Greed of Other South American Republics. SPECIAL EUROPEAN COLUMNS Foreign Resort*. European A dvertise merits. ITALY AND SOUTH OF FEANCE. 8% A IS : - 1S Rue de RivolL \u25a0 HOTEL BRIGHTON j Facing Tuileries Gardens: Finest \u25a0 situation In the most fashionable part of Paris. OPENED APRIL 15th. AllA1 1 the apartments and room* with baths, hut and cold running: water, and entire privacy. HOTELS IN GERMANY. MUNICH SS;r nJMo * 111 HOTEL be RUSSIE NUREMBERG '^r %?L*ii£"La* Sendig's \Vuriismb2rger-Hof AUSTRIA. HUNGARY & SWITZERLAND, CAUSTRL\.> WILNNA^BP- v HOTEL BRISTOL Located in the Fashionable Karnthncrrln£an4 the favorite resort of Americans. Perfect French Cuisine and choice wines. BUDAPEST ;IS GO' HOTEL HUNGARY lir«t-Cla»t Hotel with Panoramic >»\u2666« over th« Danube, tvery modern comfort. I «ciu^iv« \meri- can and tnztiMi patroi CH4RUS J. kilKfl. Muntiqer, tcrtnertv ot Imperial Hotel. \ijnna. HNTERLAKEN. SS:? l^^: !~NTE R LAKE N. SS«tJ» REOINA-HOTEL JUH6FHAUBLICK. Ut.tti.UUlL vikuh ovi:u I.IAHtKS AM> UKE>. J. Ot-.-Ctl. i''» i. ii-1.-. x 'i.. \u25a0\u25a0«\u25a0":: ITALY AND SOUTH OF FRANCE. , && c »r*i a 1N beautif * /i ' \u25a0 IS -ElLi PAUCL 9f LONDON SHOPS. NEW & EXCLUSIVE DESIGNS/^ . IN SILKS FOR /aW/ 1909 /Axsy XsE§r/ LACES, RIBBONS, HOSIERY. FLOWERS, v^X AND DRESS MATERIALS. VERE STREET & OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W. LONDON HOTELS. IWion UniWlrd in LONDON. LANGHAM HOTEL Portland Place ana Re**M St W. FAMILYHOTELor the HIGHEST ORDER InF-isHoti.U- and Healthy Locality. geaVcsd hdas'x* Te<^rt during August dnj Sedembc. Foreign Resorts. FRANCE. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND. PARIS ( I : avo *""»te American House) HOTEL CHATHAM. PARIS HOTEL DE L'iTHENtE 15. Ru.> Scribe. i( Opposite the Grand Opsr3 The Modern Hotel of Paris."' F. ARMbRUbIEH, Mana-er. P> A R 1 S . HOTEL DE LILLE ET cTALBIQH, *.**. " Uf °- iioflur*?. ciuir io fuel VtnUuun fir , • Claaa. All mo.Urn Improvement* Every • -\u0084» coru- Tort i"* r h*llh * 11 n»at»ur»nt^ .urn-.- .<• and dlnnara • in»»(l prte* or •1* c*,rt«. T« '*.*.+» i-liU_*.LillO.S- I" Ah is — iiaart Al/»4t«. FiasrUUr. " obvious lSertity of ir.iere*t and by fcccret asree- JT.er.t analogous to that *ecret treaty which proved so disastrous to Bolivia and Peru la lfeT9. Accord- bgTjr. w.^en Bolivia and Peru, both claiming that portion of the Acre district which Brazil bad 'lot ' \u25a0BOBBSj by the treaty of Pctropolis, agreed to sub- \ ir.it their claims to Argentina for arbitration there *b*res.:!y not v particle of doubt i:. regard to the D&come. Hut Bolivia failed to realize this until too ass havjnc received in ISO 7 encouraging re- porti, a«sura:ic*rs, promises from political leaders , In Buenos Ayre*. '••»\u25a0• Chill, '"•\u25a0; by that great wall of Pen), rufhed the arrangements for the completion cf b ChOl-BaUvia railway. The construction of this reoucuin climbing railway connecting Tacna-Arica * \u25a0'•'• the liolu'ian mlijes and towns, has an im- I-ortar.t bast us; U| on • .- whole roautr, as we shall •cc. Now let us fancy we are in La Paz, the moun- Uta built chief <!ty of Bolivia, when the decision of the boundary dispute becomes known. it is a *-.o.!y unfavorable decision, contrary to the prom- !»e« or tf-surar.tes upon which the citizens Bur- noandlm us had been relying; and the natives 'Tour out of five being Indians or half-breeds) are Pttfcstrickea. Tr*y cry: -Acceptance of such twrr.s by (J^ r r.atlon would be the nation's suicide!" CHILI SELFISH PLAN. •*"* tt»r.4i Chili. iej,dy In -•..-, with her *-***' which Includes the offer of her powerful •-Pport. It is to the following effect: Rebist: You and I will Land together against «*0 and Argentina. As for the Argentine troops, nW can hold your own against them In the In- \u2666nor, tha&Jcs to jour forests and mountains. if """ u ' to attack you I »hall gladly send my t to bombard every Peruvian coast town -osn Mollendo to CaJUo and beyond. Don't try ° t . me. j fcla \u0084jj] y Vto adieus to do It. fur ir"*! 1 nyn' y E!llC «" rltv ' No. you cannot doubt it; 2 U [. " "' ou c"-'ce"-' c " ll i'-< to Peru my railway between eta« oast niA your country will be worthies*. •W eour.try would in that event become an VtoSf* DOUat O r - °» U» Other hand, if you and I JiH togetr,^, the railway aforesaid will be very \u25a0 \u25a0 to both of us." t»r!^' BoUvlM>l k "" u very well that Chili's un- |Sli7* I:jotiV * i« land-hunger, and that Bolivian t:^' t *^ m P«tJeular!y durable. But the un« »i:il Tr XlJOtivt ' tf Bolivian statesmen Is deeper ***y*et ' aV * ***" watching the growth of a (Wtcfc** h *' pan ' !ißt tendency in the north -in , They know that the government at ef !u! v *°' alth ou«!i receiving B .j l.v go ap« rcentatse "ifieH* m ' uts trota v'u '- norta (the nitrate region) *i; {„!, vv ' J "?'tt scarody any bsasafts In return— ***• \u25a0' il i wll!<1 ' !<a lo threat* of revolution In W fcveect ' • Jt pl * il1 ' therefore? Bolivia] hopes Krary tJ ng ' '' IJi '*" bu J'f*>rt to gain at leaht a less- 'fc<lu.* ( , inu «c; and it seams to her po»fcib!e to l*»l *» to <; *i "*" t&f£Btt!!tl * " n<l Tacaa-Artes communi- hs 'i •\u25a0•h o*l* "'^ ''^''^"dt'ice la order to entab- fur Bo'hi * " eW repuWlc - That would mean laii j,ro * " ut °" !y t! * recovery of a bit of her "•tortti, * n<l <jt I'- waterfront but also the I j. Me r ' cf *'«" lost prestige. *r - *i Uib ,'*** *° th I' osamWj of a general Sa tt*t ' -t- ' ' ' < * most conservative opinions ""•\u25a0J* ; t. Wt do not increase the danger of such a catastrophe— on the contrary, we dimin- ish it—by looking steadily at the facts, the real tendencies. Fortunately, Brazil and Argentina have i-o much more to gain by peace than by war! Through years of peace, It Is plain, the develop- ment of Argentina'!) vast agricultural resources will give her the leadership she covets. Argen- tina is so confident of her superiority In this re- spect that one of her learned publicists has writ- ten: "The Transandine Railway, which should unite Chili with Argentina, will remain paralysed for many years at Las Cuevas, on the Argentine Bide. The statesmen of Chill oppose its realization, fearing, ns it appears, that this railway would depopulate Chill by favoring the transfer of Chil- ian laborers to Argentina, where they would ob- tain higher wages; and as the population of Chill increases very little, either by vegetative Increase or by immigration, in a very short time She would see it diminished. Before long Chill will act in the Game way in the South, by preventing the South Argentine Railway from crossing her fron- tier by way of ],as I>a.ias, and the. world Will con- template with astonishment so strange a proceed- ing." Through years of peace and wise foreign policy. Brazil, It is plain, can succeed in controlling all the eastern territory of the Andean states, simply because she controls that great system of •water- ways by which the products of those regions must pass to reach the ocean. And I think that Braall, through years of peace, can secure In the United States as much capital for the development of transportation facilities as Argentina has obtained from Great Britain. Nevertheless If Bolivia, despairing of her own future, now finally goes to pieces In the fashion that lias so long been expected; if the weak politi- cal bonds uniting the Sucre district to I«a l'az are snapped. Brazil and Argentina \u25a0will Infallibly be drawn Into the scramble for the most valuable fragments. Paraguay, as Is well known, regards herself as the rightful owner Of wild lands in the Gran Chaco region Which Bolivia also claims. There Is another element of danger. And, finally, Uruguay, \u25a0which only two years ago nearly suc- ceeded in making notorious certain grievances against the Argentine Republic, Will not remain inactive if Brazil and Argentine fall out. RESHAPING BY AMERICANS. One need Tint be an optimist In order to have con- fidence that th*> enlightened self-Interest of those two great Plates. Brazil and Argentina, Is to be rfkoried among permanent forces making for the peaceful solution of all International disputes. A more important fact i: the present crisis, however, Is that some of our own people— American civil en- gineerp. capitalist?, miners, etc., whose enterpris- ing spirit has led them so far afield, an.i who an' actively engaged in the construction of Bolivian railways and the exploitation of Bolivian mines- are binding together various parts of the threatened republic and practically creating a useful role for a new Bolivia, who*"* new boundaries will be so dif- ferent from the old that all our maps will have to be redrawn. In that sense the old Bolivia (I had almost written "Poland") ls= doomed. The new Bolivia will be comparatively secure ana tranquil. All civilized nations stand ready to main- tain order along routes of commerce and travel. The turbulent states are those composed of com- munities which are Isolated through lack of good toads, railways and other means of communication. What can be foretold about the political rear- rangement of those remote districts out of which will be formed a new Bolivia, a new state. Includ- ing the meat Important part of the old Bolivia? Thiß highland region seemed only a few years ago to be most Inaccessible. But Chili plans to carry lVer Arica railway up Into the sierrs I nd thence down the eastern slopes to make connection with navigable river*, and so to furnish transporta- tion to both oceans. The Peruvian corporation and the government of Bolivia t*r*- successfully putting through similar plans for the. extension of the MoUendo, Areq,uipa. Puno Railway (the South Per- uvian road, with a branch to Cuzco). Now, if we think 10 a Onisb along rim lines of the..;., railways we realize that we in dealing with .\u25a0 glon whose connection with the hubstintial rests of the world at large must become Intimate, whose bonds of allegiance to to -ii govcragnent* th« i of Chili und Peru, for instance— win rather Inevitably be loi't-enM, as were the political bonds which once I'nlted i .hi. a to Colombi i. instead of an inac- cessible region with a repellent past, we may tl.erelore. i>e regarding whit is destined to become a dinngoged •• ! .ufhf.irr unimportant, though 1 ably never to be one of the very great thor- o.ighfar' b of commerce. EVERY BOLIVIAN PATRIOTIC. The new state will surely be Bolivia still—not Tltlcaca or Aries or Cuzco; for a nation that has fought ho obstinate)) to maintain Itself despite In- numerable misfortunes crowded into half a century of experience gains one thing which offsets its losses, namely, an Indestructible sen of national- ity. That Is Bolivia's Important possession, which certainly has Increased at, her other possessions have diminished; and patriotism Is. it seems to me, the very best characteristic of these mountaineers. l have seen la this Us Pas v.nd Lake Tltlcaca ro- aioa assay strange or pitiful or revolting things. For example, there is slavery—one of "\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 Institu- tions that will not disappear completely until long after a secure modern republic shall have arisen, and until our good people realise that the Imitation of Christ to-day for us means the Imitation of Him who worked in the Interest of \u25a0tuners, Of In- ferior beings. And so we should do what m can i., help ihe moat necessitous people in Latin America. i have been in the came region many strange types nt character, many natives who are far more titui'i'! than their own not very- well bred dogs or horses. A distresslngl) long list 1 have assembled of unfortunate classes, unfortunate Individuals. But I have never seen In Bolivia ii man without a ii .;.tr>. Tim foregoing statement in regard to the ex- istence of slavery in South America will OSStSjAsiy be disputed. 1 have, therefore, searched aihuiig j unpublished notes fur the records 1 made on the the hollow between the dashboard Rnd thn front seat, You become conscious now and again that there la a Bead, In a coarse manta. In the line of vision when you look at the dusty backs and lon* cars of the animals hitched to our comfortless vehicle; and I seriously mean that the little creature seated on the floor of the coach at the driver's knee, or between his knees, could enlighten us In regard to the relations between the Indian and white races. A German fellow traveller Is \u25a0peaking about what he calls "the slave trade" In South America, saying that $10 Is the usual price paid for a young girl, the purchasers being in many cases citizens of such large towns as Are- qulpa. La P.ic, etc. The Indian mothers, he adds, are glad to have offspring, because each child may hi? sold. A native lawyer whom I consulted at Slcuani contented himself with replying that the constitution of his country prohibits slavery. I consider the truth to be a. follows: Practices re- sembling the "peculiar Institution" which I have observed on this particular trip are not features of true slavery, but rather of the old-fashioned ap- prenticeship, Including the payment of an English pound or two to the parents when they bind out their fhild for a long period of service. And yet. both In Peru and Bolivia, any one may see that Indian domestic servants are treated with such consideration as people generally extend to their own property (when such property costs little and can be replaced without serious difficulty), whereas the other domestic animals too commonly are treated aa though they had been merely hired. Th p Indians themselves, and only they, can ten us ether they are slaves or freemen whether thy» prosperous white people are slave owners or merely employers. But if we talk with these bar* vesters In purple scarlet and blue garments we (\u25a0hall soon And that we must begin by explaining that there is a state of freedom and that freedom is a desirable condition. As they get a glimmering of our meaning they may rejoin: "An Indian who has plenty of ehicha to drink, and is drinking It, is '\u25a0••\u25a0• An Indian who had chlcha, but has drunk It all, is anybody's slave." They will tell you that a child who enters a family In La r.iz as a servant without wages may go home sometime— the dis- tance is not too great and the master consents! The mental limitations of the natives might he expressed mathematically somewhat m.- follows: The aborigines, having undeveloped brains, cannot think. The halfbreed persons, Including In this class many who are called white, can, of course, only half think cannot think to the end— and so quite naturally their painting and architecture are no( more than one-half thought out. Vet block- heads who ho vainly try to think, or to express naif formed thoughts In Keshua and Aymara, are not really misplaced and without significance in some ungueased providential scheme. They should prove to be excellent workmen for two duys in each week If properly handled. Physically this is not a race of was Ings The Indians go about patiently with bare [.•\u25a0 over frozen ground; patiently carry on their backs heavier loads than European work- men hi.- often Willing to lift. GREENHORNS CAUTIOUS. "I em ufraid to go with you. Da you understand managing » boat?' ••No," replied the youth, "but I notice that the fellow* who know all about it are the ones that gat drowned."— Philadelphia Ledger. COUNTRY HOUSE BOLIVIA. BOAT ON LAKE TITICACA. NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. 1900. ELECTION DAY. LA PAZ. 7 real traitors, who made him* a scapegoat for their \u25a0 acts. There was a secret trial at Toulon, a.-- in the j Dreyfus affair. The prosecutor of L'llmo, however, ! was a Jewish officer. Ullmo was said to be much dissipated and an opium eater. Dreyfus's charac- ! ter was also attacked. The scene of Ullmo's deg- j radation at Toulon, when the buttons were torn ; from his uniform and his sword was broken In two ! and he was exhibited with tears in his eyes before \ Jeering thousands, parallels the public disgrace of I Captain Dreyfus. Despite the similarity of the two cases (JUmo may be abundantly guilty of the crime of which he was convicted and may amply deserve almost any punishment, except, perhaps, entombment In the terrestrial hell of Devil's Island. It baa been naive- ly stated that the climate Of the lies dv Salut is healthy. The burning tropical heat of nearby re- gions cannot be borne by Europeans, provided with comforts, for more tiian two years at \u25a0 time with- out physical deterioration. Except for a few palms the islands are practically deserts. Disease la far from unknown among the wretched exiles, crowd- ed together and sweltering under the killing rays of the sun. Madness and suicide are the lot of , many convicts. Within recent weeks it has been • reported that a few prisoners have managed to escape from the place of torment by getting small boats and reaching the coast of British Guiana, there to affright respectable folk with Insistent de- mands for food and water. It Is hardly credible that th« wardens of the Islands, which the Devil Is said to envy as an extension to his dominion, will let any escaped convict enjoy liberty for long; To embark on a sea of molten brass, to endure the sufferings of shipwrecked men, to glimpse freedom and then be returned to the plutonlc Islands— such a fate might well appeal to the minds of the Tor- quemadaa who agonised Dreyfus. \u25a0Dreyfus on Devil's Island had the alternative of mfioiatita: in a little eel] or of being sunstrueh in a tiny courtyard. When he could not endure the cell he ventured Into the courtyard. Then the rays of the sun felled him to earth as If he hid Beau Struck with a club. Ills Jailers would grab him by head and heels, it Is charged, carry htm inside and fling his Insensible body on the cell cot. With each sunstroke they thought his life was finished. The more merciful Jailers wanted to leave him in the bun, so that he would die speedily. After sun- stroke came malignant tropical fever, to combat which required almost deadly doses of quinine. A* temporary maniac, with boiling blood and burning brain, then a warned •kwletou, »io»iy starving- to BAKER'S MAN IN LA PAZ.
Transcript of New York Tribune (New York, NY) 1909-08-01 [p 7]
New York Tribune (New York, NY) 1909-08-01 [p 7]TOWN OFFICIALS OF
TIAHUANACO, BOLIVIA. SCENE IN LA PAZ.
The adobe huts near the highway are decorated, some with white flags, signifying "pisco for sale,"
and others with bunches of flowers on poles, to
show that the residents have enough and to spare of the less fiery beverage called cblcha (here made from maize; though in Chill It is made from grapes). And what sort of people are these natives? You might ask the little "slave girl,"who sits on the floor of our coach, her dolls in her lap— of her but the head and shoulders swallowed up In
spot, which are Instantaneous impressions -so t<> speak— of things actually observed by myself »nd noi of things reported to me by others, it will be sai'i l.y oversealoua advocatea and advertisers of the West coast, republics that Ihave erred In re- garding as true slavery a form of apprenticeship,"
• Ich :>< quite a different matter. I shall, there- fore, read to you a note dated In June, lDOti, whlcU relates to apprenticeship, not to true slavery, ami proves that Iknew the difference In a minute and years tipro.
In a shipload of 740 convicts recently taken to Devil's Island and the other two islands compris- ing the group of lies dv Salut, lyingorf tlv- of French Quiana, constituting the great French penal settlement, was a man whose caae la strik- ingly similar to th* Dreyfus case. Doomed to a lifetime of the sufferings which Dreyfus endured for five years, this man. a Jew like Dreyfus, but an officer of the French navy Instead of the army, was convicted, like Dreyfus, of treasonable corre- spondence with Germany. The man, C'harle9 B. I'llmo, a lieutenant la tha French navy, was ar- rested In Toulon in the fall of 1907 charged with trying to sell secret otnVial documents to German spies. These documents were said to reveal the. channels to five great naval ports of France. A naval cipher code was missing. In con6*>queuce of the leak French navul tartlcs and code bookd wars revised. It is said that L'llmo confessed his crime. Dreyfus, also, waa said to have confessed by the
Xavnl Officer Convicted of Treason-
able Correspondence with Ger-
LLLMO SENT BY FRAME
like case or dki;vfus
COOK IN LA PAZ.
"The march la resumed until the noxt stage is reached, and then another change of partners goea
into effect. Vy the time the party returns to the house there has been usually a complete change of partners all around.
"This isn't any summer amusement. In fact, a tramp through the enow with the thermometer
A New Form of Entertainment in
Canada. "Did you ever hear of a walking party?** asked
a young woman who bad just returned from a long stay in Canada. "No. Idon't mean little walking trips across country in \u25a0which a group of persons engage, but a form of evening's entertainment. Those Canadian girls seem to be taking exercisa continually, and any social affair Is all the more enjoyable acruss the border if it Includes what seems :> some of us a lot of bard work.
"Invitations to a' walking party are sent out with
Just as much ceremony as if the affair was to be a dance or a theatre party. It is essential fur a per- fect walking party that there shall be an equal
number of young men and young women. Thosa Invited meet at the home of lbs hostess at tbs usual time for an evening affair. The guests are paired off and the route of the walk is announced. "It isn't any walk around the block by any
means. Five BOOBS at the toast. One man acts as a master of ceremonies, and as and his partner lead the procession from the house. When the parade has moved a certain specified distance the leader calls a halt and turns his partner over to the man of the next leading coupie. Then each man moves up one, the leader taking lbs girl at the foot of the line.
WALKING PASTIES.
death through deprivation of milk ar><l other nour- ishing food, Dreyfus refused to die. His Jailers fell ill, left the Island or died. Dre>fus stayed and lived, for be believed it his destiny to prove him- self innocent before the world. lie was put in Irons when disease had made him unable to walk. Owing to the pressure of the irons, his ankles swelled and were lacerated. Soon they were cov- ered, with suppurativc wounds penetrating to the bone. Every morning ihe Irons, stained with bloody rust, wars removed, and the wounds were dressed. 6O that they might begin to h?al a ar.d every n^iht the irons were riveted on the raw flesh anew.
For two months this cruel ordeal lasted. Unable to break his will with physical tortures, the Jailers tried to poison Dreyfus*! mind. They allowed him,
to sea only copies* of his wife's letters, and these contained cruel interpolations. They next withheld all letters, and said, "Your family has abandoned you." To that the half-erased martyr of Devil's Island shrieked answer. "Monsters, you lie!" but some of the lies rankled In the bosom 01 the un- fortunate man until he was removed Is France from the hellish Isle dv Diable.
DEFERRED.
The Pessimist— We'll pay for all this fine weather later on.
The Optimist—Well, cheer up! That's the regular time lor pairing for things, isn't it?— Puck.
Walked Into August Chamber and Occupied
Vacant Desk. The American people ones elected a tailor to the»
Presidency, and doubt!es3 many manipulators of the shears and goose have sat In tha seats of th« mtshty by election, but only one-, according to reminiscences and anecdote, did; a tailor mako him- self at home on the Coor of the United States Sen- ate when ha had no constituency to represent.
The tailor was Hermann Morita Riedel. of Phila- delphia, who came to Washington In April,1863, to attend the exciting scenes aoxtaai the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson. a fellow? craftsman. And this la the account of bow ho wit* n<?sse<l theso proceedings M published la **Ths Washington Republican" of that day: "A jrv>od looking Teutonic friend of ours a day
or two since mada an earnest appeal to our iiug- Kina for a tlckt-t to the Senate to listen to what was jfcins forward a: the impeachment trial. Musgina. as is hid wont. In th.j kindness of his sou!, consented to furnish Teuton with the talis- manie pasteboard which effects the open sesame to the Senate chamber, and also assured our friend that he would accompany him to tha gallery ami find him an eligible seat. Muggins and Teuton started to work their way In, but Muggins was) detained outside of th« do^r for a few moment* and our (;.>rm.in friend went on and passed th« vigilant sentinels at th-> outer door and went cJl- rectly to ihe entrance of the fenate chamber and wad admitted by the Kf-ntiemanly ushers under the belief, probably, that he was a member of t'ongre-s, and passed through th* vestibulo and took hia feat in tho first vacant chair, and. ther« remained during: the entire session in tbs confident belief that he was entitled to the seat."
Th»» descendants of Hern;ann Jiiedel ar<» Ihrin? In Washington now. The tailor, who was a "top- DOtcher" at his tradf\ according to all account*, <:.'•! in '\u25a0.". having declined a pension after sal- lant servica as a marine during the Civil War.— Washington I"os:.
somewhere down near aero Is considered awfulV good sport. But be !t Bummer or winter, th» par- ticipants in a walki.it; party return ready to enjoy the supper which winds up the evening.
"One thing against thesa walking parties, to mr mind, is the continual changing of partners.
- You
no sooner get Interested in your companion than you huve to turn him over to another girl. Mayb* you draw a good partner at the btart and a fewr minutea later get a stick. Of course. It Is emi- nently tali to every girl and to every man, but some girls, you know, delight in being unfair when there is a man In, tho case. As an akl to flirtation these watt parties aren't worth one or those bis; Canadian cents you sco sometimes, but a3 an exerciser they are all to the good. And. after all. the exercise la what theaa Canadians are looking—
Washington Post.
TAILOR TOOK SENATOR'S SEAT.
From that tlinf tlie policy <if Argentina was clearly Aeflne4. S!.e saw that tne must frustrate by every menr.s In her jmwer Chili's efforts to •tret :. her lore, thin line still further toward the nonfc. inother wordi. Pr-ru's intense hatred of th« cation •whi.-Ii hn'l conquered and brutally op-
preesed her must he used as a kind of Great "Wall tf China. Peru* strength muet be built up. Of courts ArßFntina «nd Peru became firm allies by
tfrcond-A S<»neral war. involving every country !r. that part of the New World which lies below ;h« equator, is i:iprospect. If. I'eru and Argentina.
lirr.zl! and Chili erroneously assume that the time [or the partition of Bolivia has actually come.
Third—The announcement that the government «!:j people of Bolivia have refused to accept the.... by the President of the Argentine
I'.epubiic as arlitrator of a boundary dispute with JVry etMXfkisoiiit- j-eopl*In our i^rt of the world «nd ab« Inlor disgusted otiiers. Perhaps :. 1 1 .ng
i«s» narUiiiß or shockine could have directed at-
tention to a last-diR-h star.U InBolivia's extraordi- i.*rjBSrSSjaia to preserve her existence as a nation.
EIVALS FOR LEADERSHIP. Inorder to understand the situation we must first
rfs'lie that Argentina and Chili both aspire to I»»(Jerth!p la Souih America, and are keen, in- tngu!r;g riv-ils. The latter, aui insaaf nl In the war• :. Peru ar.d Boli\ia. (lhfl War of the Pacific slrendy mentioned >. Increased her •«\u25a0••.;:; on the north at the expanse of the allies. The provinces thvii transferred were and are exceedingly valuable. *c fact, it is customary to cay that even the enor- mous Indemnity paid by Prance to Germany was taoderate lri eoinparlßrin with the indemnity «• acted by victorious «'hili.
B. Man-Inn Wllfws.
\u25a0\u25a0 Ch* course of forty-live years Bolivia has rur- H BRti m her relatively powerful neighbors more than aos-BSif of her national Territory. For ex-
tKr'*.l'fr *"*ir*sratterfroßt was acquired by i.hill
en tbt conclusion cf the so-called V\'ar of tfas Pa- tiSc. Kow Tf «S4 lier out off from the world, lm- prismwJ. rarrojndcd on all side? by rival states,
itfcich »re only jTeveited by their jealous fear of f»ch other from urjdnpr upon her attention the ad- viMfcllity of submitting t<i dlPßi^nibfrmc'nt. Her *!tuaUon recalls tbMX of I'oland \n the eishteenth and Btaeteestli ccj-.t^rics. and at first glance a •»»- tffrt of history is likely to say that a \u25a0 shall soon tt d!»cussinK tl.e partition of Bolivia, ewn as our iincMicrs to of i< i. and with so much sympathy
C!?fUks»a th? partition of Poland.
But valt a moment. A different rosult, and a rr.uch bettt-r cir.c. may l>e anticipated. Although
tWtj one must i-::iceile that Holivia cannot POBSl- bjy maintain a larjre army for the defence <>f li-r thrur.k^n domain, since the national revenues are >» than those of many a prosperous .-int-ss house in Broadway, n new force is at work la that tkylsnd cf South Anu'iica— working: in Renuino
American Cushion, r!"1 tlcalljr.un;>reitmioufly, but verj psverfully in ttvor of j>eace, the general vc-i-
M » an: pr<«gr»-t-s. •
HoM'ii. reroote as it is, inaccessible as it seems. may t* caliKi at this .-..•\u25a0 the most interesting- country of South America, for three reasons:
Psm— ln the present crisis our own people may
»ay* the ii«ys'nipl; by completing, with due regard
lor ihe ris&ts cf all concerned, the work they have ujidtrtak'n m connection with Bolivian railways
and mines.
South American Republics.
ITALYANDSOUTH OF FEANCE.
8% A IS: -
1S Rue de RivolL \u25a0 HOTEL BRIGHTON
j Facing Tuileries Gardens: Finest \u25a0 situation In the most fashionable part of Paris. OPENED APRIL 15th.
AllA11 the apartments and room* with baths, hut and cold running: water, and entire privacy.
HOTELS IN GERMANY.
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY & SWITZERLAND,
CAUSTRL\.>
WILNNA^BP-v HOTEL BRISTOL Located in the Fashionable Karnthncrrln£an4 the favorite resort of Americans. Perfect French Cuisine and choice wines.
BUDAPEST;IS GO' HOTEL HUNGARY lir«t-Cla»t Hotel with Panoramic >»\u2666« over th«
Danube, tvery modern comfort. I«ciu^iv« \meri- can and tnztiMipatroi CH4RUS J. kilKfl. Muntiqer, tcrtnertv ot Imperial Hotel. \ijnna.
HNTERLAKEN. SS:?l^^:!~NTE R LAKEN.SS«tJ» REOINA-HOTEL JUH6FHAUBLICK.
Ut.tti.UUlL vikuh ovi:u I.IAHtKS AM> UKE>. J. Ot-.-Ctl. i''» i.ii-1.-. x 'i.. \u25a0\u25a0«\u25a0"::
ITALY AND SOUTH OF FRANCE. ,
&&c »r*ia 1N beautif */i' \u25a0
IS -ElLi PAUCL 9f
XsE§r/ LACES, RIBBONS,
LONDON, W.
LONDON HOTELS.
FAMILYHOTELor the HIGHEST ORDER InF-isHoti.U- and Healthy Locality.
geaVcsd hdas'x* Te<^rt during August dnjSedembc.
Foreign Resorts. FRANCE. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND.
PARIS (I:avo *""»te American House)
HOTEL CHATHAM.
i( Opposite the Grand Opsr3 The Modern Hotel of Paris."'
F. ARMbRUbIEH, Mana-er.
" Uf
°- iioflur*?. ciuir io fuel VtnUuun fir ,•
Claaa. All mo.Urn Improvement* Every • -\u0084» coru-Tort i"*r h*llh*11 n»at»ur»nt^ .urn-.- .<• and dlnnara•in»»(l prte* or •1* c*,rt«. T« '*.*.+» i-liU_*.LillO.S-
I"Ahis —
iiaart Al/»4t«. FiasrUUr. "
'
\u25a0BOBBSj by the treaty of Pctropolis, agreed to sub- \ ir.it their claims to Argentina for arbitration there *b*res.:!y not v particle of doubt i:. regard to the D&come. Hut Bolivia failed to realize this until too ass havjnc received in ISO 7 encouraging re- porti, a«sura:ic*rs, promises from political leaders , In Buenos Ayre*.
'••»\u25a0• Chill, '"•\u25a0; by that great wall of Pen), rufhed the arrangements for the completion cf bChOl-BaUvia railway. The construction of this reoucuin climbing railway connecting Tacna-Arica* \u25a0'•'• the liolu'ian mlijes and towns, has an im- I-ortar.t bast us; U| on • .- whole roautr, as we shall •cc.
Now let us fancy we are in La Paz, the moun- Uta built chief <!ty of Bolivia, when the decision of the boundary dispute becomes known. it is a *-.o.!y unfavorable decision, contrary to the prom- !»e« or tf-surar.tes upon which the citizens Bur- noandlm us had been relying; and the natives 'Tour out of five being Indians or half-breeds) are Pttfcstrickea. Tr*y cry: -Acceptance of such twrr.s by (J^r r.atlon would be the nation's suicide!"
CHILI SELFISH PLAN. •*"* tt»r.4i Chili. iej,dy In -•..-, with her*-***' which Includes the offer of her powerful
•-Pport. It is to the following effect: Rebist: You and Iwill Land together against
«*0 and Argentina. As for the Argentine troops, nW can hold your own against them In the In-
\u2666nor, tha&Jcs to jour forests and mountains. if""" u '
to attack youI»hall gladly send my t to bombard every Peruvian coast town-osn Mollendo to CaJUo and beyond. Don't try°
t . me. j fcla \u0084jj] y Vto adieus to do It.
fur ir"*!1 nyn'y E!llC «"rltv '
No. you cannot doubt it;
2
U[. " "'ou c"-'ce"-'c"lli'-< to Peru my railway betweeneta« oast niA your country will be worthies*. •W eour.try would in that event become an
VtoSf* DOUatOr- °» U» Other hand, if you and I JiH togetr,^, the railway aforesaid will be very
\u25a0
\u25a0
to both of us."
t»r!^' BoUvlM>l k"" u very well that Chili's un-
|Sli7* I:jotiV* i« land-hunger, and that Bolivian
t:^'t * m P«tJeular!y durable. But the un« »i:il Tr
XlJOtivt' tf Bolivian statesmen Is deeper
***y*et '
*'pan'!ißt tendency in the north -in
, They know that the government at
ef !u!v *°' althou«!i receiving B.jl.vgo ap« rcentatse
"ifieH*m ' uts trota v'u'- norta (the nitrate region)
*i;{„!, vv'J"?'tt scarody any bsasafts In return—***•\u25a0'ili wll!<1' !<a lo threat* of revolution In W fcveect
' •Jt pl*il1' therefore? Bolivia] hopes
Krary tJng ' ''IJi'*" buJ'f*>rt to gain at leaht a less-
'fc<lu.* ( , inu«c; and it seams to her po»fcib!e to
l*»l *» to <; *i "*"
t&f£Btt!!tl* "n<l Tacaa-Artes communi- hs 'i •\u25a0•ho*l*"'^
''^''^"dt'ice la order to entab- fur Bo'hi
* " eW repuWlc - That would mean
laii j,ro
Ij.Me r' cf *'«"lost prestige.
*r- *iUib ,'*** *° th I'osamWj of a general Sa tt*t
' -t-
' ' '<* most conservative opinions ""•\u25a0J*;t. Wt do not increase the danger
of such a catastrophe— on the contrary, we dimin- ish it—by looking steadily at the facts, the real tendencies. Fortunately, Brazil and Argentina have i-o much more to gain by peace than by war!
Through years of peace, ItIs plain, the develop- ment of Argentina'!) vast agricultural resources will give her the leadership she covets. Argen- tina is so confident of her superiority In this re- spect that one of her learned publicists has writ- ten: "The Transandine Railway, which should unite Chili with Argentina, will remain paralysed for many years at Las Cuevas, on the Argentine Bide. The statesmen of Chill oppose its realization, fearing, ns it appears, that this railway would depopulate Chill by favoring the transfer of Chil- ian laborers to Argentina, where they would ob- tain higher wages; and as the population of Chill increases very little, either by vegetative Increase or by immigration, in a very short time She would see it diminished. Before long Chill will act in the Game way in the South, by preventing the South Argentine Railway from crossing her fron- tier by way of ],as I>a.ias, and the. world Will con- template with astonishment so strange a proceed- ing."
Through years of peace and wise foreign policy. Brazil, It is plain, can succeed in controlling all the eastern territory of the Andean states, simply because she controls that great system of •water- ways by which the products of those regions must pass to reach the ocean. And Ithink that Braall, through years of peace, can secure In the United States as much capital for the development of transportation facilities as Argentina has obtained from Great Britain.
Nevertheless If Bolivia, despairing of her own future, now finally goes to pieces In the fashion that lias so long been expected; if the weak politi- cal bonds uniting the Sucre district to I«a l'az are snapped. Brazil and Argentina \u25a0will Infallibly be drawn Into the scramble for the most valuable fragments. Paraguay, as Is well known, regards
herself as the rightful owner Of wild lands in the Gran Chaco region Which Bolivia also claims. There Is another element of danger. And, finally,
Uruguay, \u25a0which only two years ago nearly suc- ceeded in making notorious certain grievances against the Argentine Republic, Will not remain
inactive if Brazil and Argentine fall out.
RESHAPING BY AMERICANS. One need Tint be an optimist In order to have con-
fidence that th*> enlightened self-Interest of those two great Plates. Brazil and Argentina, Is to be rfkoried among permanent forces making for the peaceful solution of all International disputes. A more important fact i: the present crisis, however, Is that some of our own people— American civil en- gineerp. capitalist?, miners, etc., whose enterpris- ing spirit has led them so far afield, an.i who an'
actively engaged in the construction of Bolivian railways and the exploitation of Bolivian mines- are binding together various parts of the threatened republic and practically creating a useful role for a new Bolivia, who*"* new boundaries will be so dif- ferent from the old that all our maps will have to be redrawn. In that sense the old Bolivia (I had almost written "Poland") ls= doomed.
The new Bolivia will be comparatively secure ana tranquil. All civilized nations stand ready to main- tain order along routes of commerce and travel. The turbulent states are those composed of com- munities which are Isolated through lack of good toads, railways and other means of communication.
What can be foretold about the political rear- rangement of those remote districts out of which will be formed a new Bolivia, a new state. Includ- ing the meat Important part of the old Bolivia?
Thiß highland region seemed only a few years ago to be most Inaccessible. But Chili plans to carry lVer Arica railway up Into the sierrs I nd thence down the eastern slopes to make connection with navigable river*, and so to furnish transporta- tion to both oceans. The Peruvian corporation and
the government of Bolivia t*r*- successfully putting through similar plans for the. extension of the MoUendo, Areq,uipa. Puno Railway (the South Per- uvian road, with a branch to Cuzco). Now, if we think 10 a Onisb along rim lines of the..;., railways
we realize that we in dealing with .\u25a0 glon whose connection with the hubstintial rests of the
world at large must become Intimate, whose bonds of allegiance to to -ii govcragnent* th« i of Chili und Peru, for instance— win rather Inevitably be loi't-enM, as were the political bonds which once I'nlted i .hi.a to Colombi i. instead of an inac- cessible region with a repellent past, we may
tl.erelore. i>e regarding whit is destined to become a
dinngoged •• !.ufhf.irr unimportant, though
1 ably never to be one of the very great thor- o.ighfar' b of commerce.
EVERY BOLIVIAN PATRIOTIC. The new state will surely be Bolivia still—not
Tltlcaca or Aries or Cuzco; for a nation that has fought ho obstinate)) to maintain Itself despite In-
numerable misfortunes crowded into half a century
of experience gains one thing which offsets its losses, namely, an Indestructible sen of national- ity. That Is Bolivia's Important possession, which certainly has Increased at, her other possessions have diminished; and patriotism Is. it seems to me, the very best characteristic of these mountaineers. lhave seen la this Us Pas v.nd Lake Tltlcaca ro-
aioa assay strange or pitiful or revolting things.
For example, there is slavery—one of "\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 Institu- tions that will not disappear completely until long
after a secure modern republic shall have arisen,
and until our good people realise that the Imitation of Christ to-day for us means the Imitation of
Him who worked in the Interest of \u25a0tuners, Of In- ferior beings. And so we should do what m can i., help ihe moat necessitous people in Latin
America. i have been in the came region many strange
types nt character, many natives who are far more titui'i'! than their own not very- well bred dogs or
horses. A distresslngl) long list 1 have assembled of unfortunate classes, unfortunate Individuals.
But Ihave never seen In Bolivia iiman without a ii .;.tr>.
Tim foregoing statement in regard to the ex- istence of slavery in South America will OSStSjAsiy be disputed. 1 have, therefore, searched aihuiig
j unpublished notes fur the records 1 made on the
the hollow between the dashboard Rnd thn front seat, You become conscious now and again that there la a Bead, In a coarse manta. In the line of vision when you look at the dusty backs and lon* cars of the animals hitched to our comfortless vehicle; and Iseriously mean that the little creature seated on the floor of the coach at the driver's knee, or between his knees, could enlighten us In regard to the relations between the Indian and white races. A German fellow traveller Is \u25a0peaking about what he calls "the slave trade" In South America, saying that $10 Is the usual price paid for a young girl, the purchasers being in many cases citizens of such large towns as Are- qulpa. La P.ic, etc. The Indian mothers, he adds, are glad to have offspring, because each child may
hi? sold. A native lawyer whom I consulted at Slcuani contented himself with replying that the constitution of his country prohibits slavery. I consider the truth to be a. follows: Practices re- sembling the "peculiar Institution" which Ihave observed on this particular trip are not features of true slavery, but rather of the old-fashioned ap- prenticeship, Including the payment of an English pound or two to the parents when they bind out their fhild for a long period of service. And yet. both In Peru and Bolivia, any one may see that
Indian domestic servants are treated with such consideration as people generally extend to their own property (when such property costs little and can be replaced without serious difficulty), whereas the other domestic animals too commonly are treated aa though they had been merely hired. Thp Indians themselves, and only they, can ten
us ether they are slaves or freemen whether thy» prosperous white people are slave owners or merely employers. But if we talk with these bar* vesters In purple scarlet and blue garments we (\u25a0hall soon And that we must begin by explaining that there is a state of freedom and that freedom is a desirable condition. As they get a glimmering of our meaning they may rejoin: "An Indian who has plenty of ehicha to drink, and is drinking It,is '\u25a0••\u25a0• An Indian who had chlcha, but has drunk It all, is anybody's slave." They will tell you that a child who enters a family In La r.iz as a servant without wages may go home sometime— the dis- tance is not too great and the master consents!
The mental limitations of the natives might he expressed mathematically somewhat m.- follows: The aborigines, having undeveloped brains, cannot think. The halfbreed persons, Including In this class many who are called white, can, of course, only half think cannot think to the end— and so quite naturally their painting and architecture are no( more than one-half thought out. Vet block- heads who ho vainly try to think, or to express naif formed thoughts In Keshua and Aymara, are not really misplaced and without significance in some ungueased providential scheme. They should prove to be excellent workmen for two duys in each week If properly handled. Physically this is not a race of was Ings The Indians go about patiently with bare [.•\u25a0 over frozen ground; patiently carry on their backs heavier loads than European work- men hi.- often Willing to lift.
GREENHORNS CAUTIOUS. "Iem ufraid to go with you. Da you understand
managing » boat?' ••No," replied the youth, "but Inotice that the
fellow* who know all about it are the ones that gat drowned."— Philadelphia Ledger.
COUNTRY HOUSE BOLIVIA.BOAT ON LAKE TITICACA.
NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. 1900. ELECTION DAY. LA PAZ.
7
real traitors, who made him*a scapegoat for their \u25a0
acts. There was a secret trial at Toulon, a.-- in the j Dreyfus affair. The prosecutor of L'llmo, however, ! was a Jewish officer. Ullmo was said to be much dissipated and an opium eater. Dreyfus's charac- ! ter was also attacked. The scene of Ullmo's deg- j radation at Toulon, when the buttons were torn ; from his uniform and his sword was broken In two ! and he was exhibited with tears in his eyes before \ Jeering thousands, parallels the public disgrace of I Captain Dreyfus.
Despite the similarity of the two cases (JUmo may be abundantly guiltyof the crime of which he was convicted and may amply deserve almost any punishment, except, perhaps, entombment In the terrestrial hell of Devil's Island. It baa been naive- ly stated that the climate Of the lies dv Salut is
healthy. The burning tropical heat of nearby re- gions cannot be borne by Europeans, provided with comforts, for more tiian two years at \u25a0 time with- out physical deterioration. Except for a few palms the islands are practically deserts. Disease la far from unknown among the wretched exiles, crowd- ed together and sweltering under the killingrays of the sun. Madness and suicide are the lot of , many convicts. Within recent weeks it has been • reported that a few prisoners have managed to escape from the place of torment by getting small boats and reaching the coast of British Guiana, there to affright respectable folk with Insistent de- mands for food and water. It Is hardly credible that th« wardens of the Islands, which the Devil Is said to envy as an extension to his dominion, will let any escaped convict enjoy liberty for long; To embark on a sea of molten brass, to endure the sufferings of shipwrecked men, to glimpse freedom and then be returned to the plutonlc Islands— such a fate might well appeal to the minds of the Tor- quemadaa who agonised Dreyfus.
\u25a0Dreyfus on Devil's Island had the alternative of mfioiatita: in a little eel] or of being sunstrueh in a tiny courtyard. When he could not endure the cell he ventured Into the courtyard. Then the rays of the sun felled him to earth as If he hid Beau Struck with a club. IllsJailers would grab him by head and heels, it Is charged, carry htm inside and fling his Insensible body on the cell cot. With each sunstroke they thought his life was finished. The more merciful Jailers wanted to leave him in the bun, so that he would die speedily. After sun- stroke came malignant tropical fever, to combat which required almost deadly doses of quinine. A* temporary maniac, with boiling blood and burning brain, then a warned •kwletou, »io»iy starving- to
BAKER'S MAN IN LA PAZ.
The adobe huts near the highway are decorated, some with white flags, signifying "pisco for sale,"
and others with bunches of flowers on poles, to
show that the residents have enough and to spare of the less fiery beverage called cblcha (here made from maize; though in Chill It is made from grapes). And what sort of people are these natives? You might ask the little "slave girl,"who sits on the floor of our coach, her dolls in her lap— of her but the head and shoulders swallowed up In
spot, which are Instantaneous impressions -so t<> speak— of things actually observed by myself »nd noi of things reported to me by others, it will be sai'i l.y oversealoua advocatea and advertisers of the West coast, republics that Ihave erred In re- garding as true slavery a form of apprenticeship,"
• Ich :>< quite a different matter. I shall, there- fore, read to you a note dated In June, lDOti, whlcU relates to apprenticeship, not to true slavery, ami proves that Iknew the difference In a minute and years tipro.
In a shipload of 740 convicts recently taken to Devil's Island and the other two islands compris- ing the group of lies dv Salut, lyingorf tlv- of French Quiana, constituting the great French penal settlement, was a man whose caae la strik- ingly similar to th* Dreyfus case. Doomed to a lifetime of the sufferings which Dreyfus endured for five years, this man. a Jew like Dreyfus, but an officer of the French navy Instead of the army, was convicted, like Dreyfus, of treasonable corre- spondence with Germany. The man, C'harle9 B. I'llmo, a lieutenant la tha French navy, was ar- rested In Toulon in the fall of 1907 charged with trying to sell secret otnVial documents to German spies. These documents were said to reveal the. channels to five great naval ports of France. A naval cipher code was missing. In con6*>queuce of the leak French navul tartlcs and code bookd wars revised. It is said that L'llmo confessed his crime. Dreyfus, also, waa said to have confessed by the
Xavnl Officer Convicted of Treason-
able Correspondence with Ger-
LLLMO SENT BY FRAME
like case or dki;vfus
COOK IN LA PAZ.
"The march la resumed until the noxt stage is reached, and then another change of partners goea
into effect. Vy the time the party returns to the house there has been usually a complete change of partners all around.
"This isn't any summer amusement. In fact, a tramp through the enow with the thermometer
A New Form of Entertainment in
Canada. "Did you ever hear of a walking party?** asked
a young woman who bad just returned from a long stay in Canada. "No. Idon't mean little walking trips across country in \u25a0which a group of persons engage, but a form of evening's entertainment. Those Canadian girls seem to be taking exercisa continually, and any social affair Is all the more enjoyable acruss the border if it Includes what seems :> some of us a lot of bard work.
"Invitations to a' walking party are sent out with
Just as much ceremony as if the affair was to be a dance or a theatre party. It is essential fur a per- fect walking party that there shall be an equal
number of young men and young women. Thosa Invited meet at the home of lbs hostess at tbs usual time for an evening affair. The guests are paired off and the route of the walk is announced. "It isn't any walk around the block by any
means. Five BOOBS at the toast. One man acts as a master of ceremonies, and as and his partner lead the procession from the house. When the parade has moved a certain specified distance the leader calls a halt and turns his partner over to the man of the next leading coupie. Then each man moves up one, the leader taking lbs girl at the foot of the line.
WALKING PASTIES.
death through deprivation of milk ar><l other nour- ishing food, Dreyfus refused to die. His Jailers fell ill, left the Island or died. Dre>fus stayed and lived, for be believed it his destiny to prove him- self innocent before the world. lie was put in Irons when disease had made him unable to walk. Owing to the pressure of the irons, his ankles swelled and were lacerated. Soon they were cov- ered, with suppurativc wounds penetrating to the bone. Every morning ihe Irons, stained with bloody rust, wars removed, and the wounds were dressed. 6O that they might begin to h?al a ar.d every n^iht the irons were riveted on the raw flesh anew.
For two months this cruel ordeal lasted. Unable to break his will with physical tortures, the Jailers tried to poison Dreyfus*! mind. They allowed him,
to sea only copies* of his wife's letters, and these contained cruel interpolations. They next withheld all letters, and said, "Your family has abandoned you." To that the half-erased martyr of Devil's Island shrieked answer. "Monsters, you lie!" but some of the lies rankled In the bosom 01 the un- fortunate man until he was removed Is France from the hellish Isle dv Diable.
DEFERRED.
The Pessimist— We'll pay for all this fine weather later on.
The Optimist—Well, cheer up! That's the regular time lor pairing for things, isn't it?— Puck.
Walked Into August Chamber and Occupied
Vacant Desk. The American people ones elected a tailor to the»
Presidency, and doubt!es3 many manipulators of the shears and goose have sat In tha seats of th« mtshty by election, but only one-, according to reminiscences and anecdote, did; a tailor mako him- self at home on the Coor of the United States Sen- ate when ha had no constituency to represent.
The tailor was Hermann Morita Riedel. of Phila- delphia, who came to Washington In April,1863, to attend the exciting scenes aoxtaai the impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson. a fellow? craftsman. And this la the account of bow ho wit* n<?sse<l theso proceedings M published la **Ths Washington Republican" of that day: "A jrv>od looking Teutonic friend of ours a day
or two since mada an earnest appeal to our iiug- Kina for a tlckt-t to the Senate to listen to what was jfcins forward a: the impeachment trial. Musgina. as is hid wont. In th.j kindness of his sou!, consented to furnish Teuton with the talis- manie pasteboard which effects the open sesame to the Senate chamber, and also assured our friend that he would accompany him to tha gallery ami find him an eligible seat. Muggins and Teuton started to work their way In, but Muggins was) detained outside of th« do^r for a few moment* and our (;.>rm.in friend went on and passed th« vigilant sentinels at th-> outer door and went cJl- rectly to ihe entrance of the fenate chamber and wad admitted by the Kf-ntiemanly ushers under the belief, probably, that he was a member of t'ongre-s, and passed through th* vestibulo and took hia feat in tho first vacant chair, and. ther« remained during: the entire session in tbs confident belief that he was entitled to the seat."
Th»» descendants of Hern;ann Jiiedel ar<» Ihrin? In Washington now. The tailor, who was a "top- DOtcher" at his tradf\ according to all account*, <:.'•! in '\u25a0.". having declined a pension after sal- lant servica as a marine during the Civil War.— Washington I"os:.
somewhere down near aero Is considered awfulV good sport. But be !t Bummer or winter, th» par- ticipants in a walki.it; party return ready to enjoy the supper which winds up the evening.
"One thing against thesa walking parties, to mr mind, is the continual changing of partners.
- You
no sooner get Interested in your companion than you huve to turn him over to another girl. Mayb* you draw a good partner at the btart and a fewr minutea later get a stick. Of course. It Is emi- nently tali to every girl and to every man, but some girls, you know, delight in being unfair when there is a man In, tho case. As an akl to flirtation these watt parties aren't worth one or those bis; Canadian cents you sco sometimes, but a3 an exerciser they are all to the good. And. after all. the exercise la what theaa Canadians are looking—
Washington Post.
TAILOR TOOK SENATOR'S SEAT.
From that tlinf tlie policy <if Argentina was clearly Aeflne4. S!.e saw that tne must frustrate by every menr.s In her jmwer Chili's efforts to •tret :. her lore, thin line still further toward the nonfc. inother wordi. Pr-ru's intense hatred of th« cation •whi.-Ii hn'l conquered and brutally op-
preesed her must he used as a kind of Great "Wall tf China. Peru* strength muet be built up. Of courts ArßFntina «nd Peru became firm allies by
tfrcond-A S<»neral war. involving every country !r. that part of the New World which lies below ;h« equator, is i:iprospect. If. I'eru and Argentina.
lirr.zl! and Chili erroneously assume that the time [or the partition of Bolivia has actually come.
Third—The announcement that the government «!:j people of Bolivia have refused to accept the.... by the President of the Argentine
I'.epubiic as arlitrator of a boundary dispute with JVry etMXfkisoiiit- j-eopl*In our i^rt of the world «nd ab« Inlor disgusted otiiers. Perhaps :. 1 1 .ng
i«s» narUiiiß or shockine could have directed at-
tention to a last-diR-h star.U InBolivia's extraordi- i.*rjBSrSSjaia to preserve her existence as a nation.
EIVALS FOR LEADERSHIP. Inorder to understand the situation we must first
rfs'lie that Argentina and Chili both aspire to I»»(Jerth!p la Souih America, and are keen, in- tngu!r;g riv-ils. The latter, aui insaaf nl In the war• :. Peru ar.d Boli\ia. (lhfl War of the Pacific slrendy mentioned >. Increased her •«\u25a0••.;:; on the north at the expanse of the allies. The provinces thvii transferred were and are exceedingly valuable. *c fact, it is customary to cay that even the enor- mous Indemnity paid by Prance to Germany was taoderate lri eoinparlßrin with the indemnity «• acted by victorious «'hili.
B. Man-Inn Wllfws.
\u25a0\u25a0 Ch* course of forty-live years Bolivia has rur- H BRti m her relatively powerful neighbors more than aos-BSif of her national Territory. For ex-
tKr'*.l'fr *"*ir*sratterfroßt was acquired by i.hill
en tbt conclusion cf the so-called V\'ar of tfas Pa- tiSc. Kow Tf «S4 lier out off from the world, lm- prismwJ. rarrojndcd on all side? by rival states,
itfcich »re only jTeveited by their jealous fear of f»ch other from urjdnpr upon her attention the ad- viMfcllity of submitting t<i dlPßi^nibfrmc'nt. Her *!tuaUon recalls tbMX of I'oland \n the eishteenth and Btaeteestli ccj-.t^rics. and at first glance a •»»- tffrt of history is likely to say that a \u25a0 shall soon tt d!»cussinK tl.e partition of Bolivia, ewn as our iincMicrs to of i< i. and with so much sympathy
C!?fUks»a th? partition of Poland.
But valt a moment. A different rosult, and a rr.uch bettt-r cir.c. may l>e anticipated. Although
tWtj one must i-::iceile that Holivia cannot POBSl- bjy maintain a larjre army for the defence <>f li-r thrur.k^n domain, since the national revenues are >» than those of many a prosperous .-int-ss house in Broadway, n new force is at work la that tkylsnd cf South Anu'iica— working: in Renuino
American Cushion, r!"1 tlcalljr.un;>reitmioufly, but verj psverfully in ttvor of j>eace, the general vc-i-
M » an: pr<«gr»-t-s. •
HoM'ii. reroote as it is, inaccessible as it seems. may t* caliKi at this .-..•\u25a0 the most interesting- country of South America, for three reasons:
Psm— ln the present crisis our own people may
»ay* the ii«ys'nipl; by completing, with due regard
lor ihe ris&ts cf all concerned, the work they have ujidtrtak'n m connection with Bolivian railways
and mines.
South American Republics.
ITALYANDSOUTH OF FEANCE.
8% A IS: -
1S Rue de RivolL \u25a0 HOTEL BRIGHTON
j Facing Tuileries Gardens: Finest \u25a0 situation In the most fashionable part of Paris. OPENED APRIL 15th.
AllA11 the apartments and room* with baths, hut and cold running: water, and entire privacy.
HOTELS IN GERMANY.
AUSTRIA. HUNGARY & SWITZERLAND,
CAUSTRL\.>
WILNNA^BP-v HOTEL BRISTOL Located in the Fashionable Karnthncrrln£an4 the favorite resort of Americans. Perfect French Cuisine and choice wines.
BUDAPEST;IS GO' HOTEL HUNGARY lir«t-Cla»t Hotel with Panoramic >»\u2666« over th«
Danube, tvery modern comfort. I«ciu^iv« \meri- can and tnztiMipatroi CH4RUS J. kilKfl. Muntiqer, tcrtnertv ot Imperial Hotel. \ijnna.
HNTERLAKEN. SS:?l^^:!~NTE R LAKEN.SS«tJ» REOINA-HOTEL JUH6FHAUBLICK.
Ut.tti.UUlL vikuh ovi:u I.IAHtKS AM> UKE>. J. Ot-.-Ctl. i''» i.ii-1.-. x 'i.. \u25a0\u25a0«\u25a0"::
ITALY AND SOUTH OF FRANCE. ,
&&c »r*ia 1N beautif */i' \u25a0
IS -ElLi PAUCL 9f
XsE§r/ LACES, RIBBONS,
LONDON, W.
LONDON HOTELS.
FAMILYHOTELor the HIGHEST ORDER InF-isHoti.U- and Healthy Locality.
geaVcsd hdas'x* Te<^rt during August dnjSedembc.
Foreign Resorts. FRANCE. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND.
PARIS (I:avo *""»te American House)
HOTEL CHATHAM.
i( Opposite the Grand Opsr3 The Modern Hotel of Paris."'
F. ARMbRUbIEH, Mana-er.
" Uf
°- iioflur*?. ciuir io fuel VtnUuun fir ,•
Claaa. All mo.Urn Improvement* Every • -\u0084» coru-Tort i"*r h*llh*11 n»at»ur»nt^ .urn-.- .<• and dlnnara•in»»(l prte* or •1* c*,rt«. T« '*.*.+» i-liU_*.LillO.S-
I"Ahis —
iiaart Al/»4t«. FiasrUUr. "
'
\u25a0BOBBSj by the treaty of Pctropolis, agreed to sub- \ ir.it their claims to Argentina for arbitration there *b*res.:!y not v particle of doubt i:. regard to the D&come. Hut Bolivia failed to realize this until too ass havjnc received in ISO 7 encouraging re- porti, a«sura:ic*rs, promises from political leaders , In Buenos Ayre*.
'••»\u25a0• Chill, '"•\u25a0; by that great wall of Pen), rufhed the arrangements for the completion cf bChOl-BaUvia railway. The construction of this reoucuin climbing railway connecting Tacna-Arica* \u25a0'•'• the liolu'ian mlijes and towns, has an im- I-ortar.t bast us; U| on • .- whole roautr, as we shall •cc.
Now let us fancy we are in La Paz, the moun- Uta built chief <!ty of Bolivia, when the decision of the boundary dispute becomes known. it is a *-.o.!y unfavorable decision, contrary to the prom- !»e« or tf-surar.tes upon which the citizens Bur- noandlm us had been relying; and the natives 'Tour out of five being Indians or half-breeds) are Pttfcstrickea. Tr*y cry: -Acceptance of such twrr.s by (J^r r.atlon would be the nation's suicide!"
CHILI SELFISH PLAN. •*"* tt»r.4i Chili. iej,dy In -•..-, with her*-***' which Includes the offer of her powerful
•-Pport. It is to the following effect: Rebist: You and Iwill Land together against
«*0 and Argentina. As for the Argentine troops, nW can hold your own against them In the In-
\u2666nor, tha&Jcs to jour forests and mountains. if""" u '
to attack youI»hall gladly send my t to bombard every Peruvian coast town-osn Mollendo to CaJUo and beyond. Don't try°
t . me. j fcla \u0084jj] y Vto adieus to do It.
fur ir"*!1 nyn'y E!llC «"rltv '
No. you cannot doubt it;
2
U[. " "'ou c"-'ce"-'c"lli'-< to Peru my railway betweeneta« oast niA your country will be worthies*. •W eour.try would in that event become an
VtoSf* DOUatOr- °» U» Other hand, if you and I JiH togetr,^, the railway aforesaid will be very
\u25a0
\u25a0
to both of us."
t»r!^' BoUvlM>l k"" u very well that Chili's un-
|Sli7* I:jotiV* i« land-hunger, and that Bolivian
t:^'t * m P«tJeular!y durable. But the un« »i:il Tr
XlJOtivt' tf Bolivian statesmen Is deeper
***y*et '
*'pan'!ißt tendency in the north -in
, They know that the government at
ef !u!v *°' althou«!i receiving B.jl.vgo ap« rcentatse
"ifieH*m ' uts trota v'u'- norta (the nitrate region)
*i;{„!, vv'J"?'tt scarody any bsasafts In return—***•\u25a0'ili wll!<1' !<a lo threat* of revolution In W fcveect
' •Jt pl*il1' therefore? Bolivia] hopes
Krary tJng ' ''IJi'*" buJ'f*>rt to gain at leaht a less-
'fc<lu.* ( , inu«c; and it seams to her po»fcib!e to
l*»l *» to <; *i "*"
t&f£Btt!!tl* "n<l Tacaa-Artes communi- hs 'i •\u25a0•ho*l*"'^
''^''^"dt'ice la order to entab- fur Bo'hi
* " eW repuWlc - That would mean
laii j,ro
Ij.Me r' cf *'«"lost prestige.
*r- *iUib ,'*** *° th I'osamWj of a general Sa tt*t
' -t-
' ' '<* most conservative opinions ""•\u25a0J*;t. Wt do not increase the danger
of such a catastrophe— on the contrary, we dimin- ish it—by looking steadily at the facts, the real tendencies. Fortunately, Brazil and Argentina have i-o much more to gain by peace than by war!
Through years of peace, ItIs plain, the develop- ment of Argentina'!) vast agricultural resources will give her the leadership she covets. Argen- tina is so confident of her superiority In this re- spect that one of her learned publicists has writ- ten: "The Transandine Railway, which should unite Chili with Argentina, will remain paralysed for many years at Las Cuevas, on the Argentine Bide. The statesmen of Chill oppose its realization, fearing, ns it appears, that this railway would depopulate Chill by favoring the transfer of Chil- ian laborers to Argentina, where they would ob- tain higher wages; and as the population of Chill increases very little, either by vegetative Increase or by immigration, in a very short time She would see it diminished. Before long Chill will act in the Game way in the South, by preventing the South Argentine Railway from crossing her fron- tier by way of ],as I>a.ias, and the. world Will con- template with astonishment so strange a proceed- ing."
Through years of peace and wise foreign policy. Brazil, It is plain, can succeed in controlling all the eastern territory of the Andean states, simply because she controls that great system of •water- ways by which the products of those regions must pass to reach the ocean. And Ithink that Braall, through years of peace, can secure In the United States as much capital for the development of transportation facilities as Argentina has obtained from Great Britain.
Nevertheless If Bolivia, despairing of her own future, now finally goes to pieces In the fashion that lias so long been expected; if the weak politi- cal bonds uniting the Sucre district to I«a l'az are snapped. Brazil and Argentina \u25a0will Infallibly be drawn Into the scramble for the most valuable fragments. Paraguay, as Is well known, regards
herself as the rightful owner Of wild lands in the Gran Chaco region Which Bolivia also claims. There Is another element of danger. And, finally,
Uruguay, \u25a0which only two years ago nearly suc- ceeded in making notorious certain grievances against the Argentine Republic, Will not remain
inactive if Brazil and Argentine fall out.
RESHAPING BY AMERICANS. One need Tint be an optimist In order to have con-
fidence that th*> enlightened self-Interest of those two great Plates. Brazil and Argentina, Is to be rfkoried among permanent forces making for the peaceful solution of all International disputes. A more important fact i: the present crisis, however, Is that some of our own people— American civil en- gineerp. capitalist?, miners, etc., whose enterpris- ing spirit has led them so far afield, an.i who an'
actively engaged in the construction of Bolivian railways and the exploitation of Bolivian mines- are binding together various parts of the threatened republic and practically creating a useful role for a new Bolivia, who*"* new boundaries will be so dif- ferent from the old that all our maps will have to be redrawn. In that sense the old Bolivia (I had almost written "Poland") ls= doomed.
The new Bolivia will be comparatively secure ana tranquil. All civilized nations stand ready to main- tain order along routes of commerce and travel. The turbulent states are those composed of com- munities which are Isolated through lack of good toads, railways and other means of communication.
What can be foretold about the political rear- rangement of those remote districts out of which will be formed a new Bolivia, a new state. Includ- ing the meat Important part of the old Bolivia?
Thiß highland region seemed only a few years ago to be most Inaccessible. But Chili plans to carry lVer Arica railway up Into the sierrs I nd thence down the eastern slopes to make connection with navigable river*, and so to furnish transporta- tion to both oceans. The Peruvian corporation and
the government of Bolivia t*r*- successfully putting through similar plans for the. extension of the MoUendo, Areq,uipa. Puno Railway (the South Per- uvian road, with a branch to Cuzco). Now, if we think 10 a Onisb along rim lines of the..;., railways
we realize that we in dealing with .\u25a0 glon whose connection with the hubstintial rests of the
world at large must become Intimate, whose bonds of allegiance to to -ii govcragnent* th« i of Chili und Peru, for instance— win rather Inevitably be loi't-enM, as were the political bonds which once I'nlted i .hi.a to Colombi i. instead of an inac- cessible region with a repellent past, we may
tl.erelore. i>e regarding whit is destined to become a
dinngoged •• !.ufhf.irr unimportant, though
1 ably never to be one of the very great thor- o.ighfar' b of commerce.
EVERY BOLIVIAN PATRIOTIC. The new state will surely be Bolivia still—not
Tltlcaca or Aries or Cuzco; for a nation that has fought ho obstinate)) to maintain Itself despite In-
numerable misfortunes crowded into half a century
of experience gains one thing which offsets its losses, namely, an Indestructible sen of national- ity. That Is Bolivia's Important possession, which certainly has Increased at, her other possessions have diminished; and patriotism Is. it seems to me, the very best characteristic of these mountaineers. lhave seen la this Us Pas v.nd Lake Tltlcaca ro-
aioa assay strange or pitiful or revolting things.
For example, there is slavery—one of "\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 Institu- tions that will not disappear completely until long
after a secure modern republic shall have arisen,
and until our good people realise that the Imitation of Christ to-day for us means the Imitation of
Him who worked in the Interest of \u25a0tuners, Of In- ferior beings. And so we should do what m can i., help ihe moat necessitous people in Latin
America. i have been in the came region many strange
types nt character, many natives who are far more titui'i'! than their own not very- well bred dogs or
horses. A distresslngl) long list 1 have assembled of unfortunate classes, unfortunate Individuals.
But Ihave never seen In Bolivia iiman without a ii .;.tr>.
Tim foregoing statement in regard to the ex- istence of slavery in South America will OSStSjAsiy be disputed. 1 have, therefore, searched aihuiig
j unpublished notes fur the records 1 made on the
the hollow between the dashboard Rnd thn front seat, You become conscious now and again that there la a Bead, In a coarse manta. In the line of vision when you look at the dusty backs and lon* cars of the animals hitched to our comfortless vehicle; and Iseriously mean that the little creature seated on the floor of the coach at the driver's knee, or between his knees, could enlighten us In regard to the relations between the Indian and white races. A German fellow traveller Is \u25a0peaking about what he calls "the slave trade" In South America, saying that $10 Is the usual price paid for a young girl, the purchasers being in many cases citizens of such large towns as Are- qulpa. La P.ic, etc. The Indian mothers, he adds, are glad to have offspring, because each child may
hi? sold. A native lawyer whom I consulted at Slcuani contented himself with replying that the constitution of his country prohibits slavery. I consider the truth to be a. follows: Practices re- sembling the "peculiar Institution" which Ihave observed on this particular trip are not features of true slavery, but rather of the old-fashioned ap- prenticeship, Including the payment of an English pound or two to the parents when they bind out their fhild for a long period of service. And yet. both In Peru and Bolivia, any one may see that
Indian domestic servants are treated with such consideration as people generally extend to their own property (when such property costs little and can be replaced without serious difficulty), whereas the other domestic animals too commonly are treated aa though they had been merely hired. Thp Indians themselves, and only they, can ten
us ether they are slaves or freemen whether thy» prosperous white people are slave owners or merely employers. But if we talk with these bar* vesters In purple scarlet and blue garments we (\u25a0hall soon And that we must begin by explaining that there is a state of freedom and that freedom is a desirable condition. As they get a glimmering of our meaning they may rejoin: "An Indian who has plenty of ehicha to drink, and is drinking It,is '\u25a0••\u25a0• An Indian who had chlcha, but has drunk It all, is anybody's slave." They will tell you that a child who enters a family In La r.iz as a servant without wages may go home sometime— the dis- tance is not too great and the master consents!
The mental limitations of the natives might he expressed mathematically somewhat m.- follows: The aborigines, having undeveloped brains, cannot think. The halfbreed persons, Including In this class many who are called white, can, of course, only half think cannot think to the end— and so quite naturally their painting and architecture are no( more than one-half thought out. Vet block- heads who ho vainly try to think, or to express naif formed thoughts In Keshua and Aymara, are not really misplaced and without significance in some ungueased providential scheme. They should prove to be excellent workmen for two duys in each week If properly handled. Physically this is not a race of was Ings The Indians go about patiently with bare [.•\u25a0 over frozen ground; patiently carry on their backs heavier loads than European work- men hi.- often Willing to lift.
GREENHORNS CAUTIOUS. "Iem ufraid to go with you. Da you understand
managing » boat?' ••No," replied the youth, "but Inotice that the
fellow* who know all about it are the ones that gat drowned."— Philadelphia Ledger.
COUNTRY HOUSE BOLIVIA.BOAT ON LAKE TITICACA.
NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE. SUNDAY, AUGUST 1. 1900. ELECTION DAY. LA PAZ.
7
real traitors, who made him*a scapegoat for their \u25a0
acts. There was a secret trial at Toulon, a.-- in the j Dreyfus affair. The prosecutor of L'llmo, however, ! was a Jewish officer. Ullmo was said to be much dissipated and an opium eater. Dreyfus's charac- ! ter was also attacked. The scene of Ullmo's deg- j radation at Toulon, when the buttons were torn ; from his uniform and his sword was broken In two ! and he was exhibited with tears in his eyes before \ Jeering thousands, parallels the public disgrace of I Captain Dreyfus.
Despite the similarity of the two cases (JUmo may be abundantly guiltyof the crime of which he was convicted and may amply deserve almost any punishment, except, perhaps, entombment In the terrestrial hell of Devil's Island. It baa been naive- ly stated that the climate Of the lies dv Salut is
healthy. The burning tropical heat of nearby re- gions cannot be borne by Europeans, provided with comforts, for more tiian two years at \u25a0 time with- out physical deterioration. Except for a few palms the islands are practically deserts. Disease la far from unknown among the wretched exiles, crowd- ed together and sweltering under the killingrays of the sun. Madness and suicide are the lot of , many convicts. Within recent weeks it has been • reported that a few prisoners have managed to escape from the place of torment by getting small boats and reaching the coast of British Guiana, there to affright respectable folk with Insistent de- mands for food and water. It Is hardly credible that th« wardens of the Islands, which the Devil Is said to envy as an extension to his dominion, will let any escaped convict enjoy liberty for long; To embark on a sea of molten brass, to endure the sufferings of shipwrecked men, to glimpse freedom and then be returned to the plutonlc Islands— such a fate might well appeal to the minds of the Tor- quemadaa who agonised Dreyfus.
\u25a0Dreyfus on Devil's Island had the alternative of mfioiatita: in a little eel] or of being sunstrueh in a tiny courtyard. When he could not endure the cell he ventured Into the courtyard. Then the rays of the sun felled him to earth as If he hid Beau Struck with a club. IllsJailers would grab him by head and heels, it Is charged, carry htm inside and fling his Insensible body on the cell cot. With each sunstroke they thought his life was finished. The more merciful Jailers wanted to leave him in the bun, so that he would die speedily. After sun- stroke came malignant tropical fever, to combat which required almost deadly doses of quinine. A* temporary maniac, with boiling blood and burning brain, then a warned •kwletou, »io»iy starving- to
BAKER'S MAN IN LA PAZ.
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