New Second Dany

INTEGRATED PEDAL OPERATED PUMPING SYSTEM AND MOBILE CHARGER

INTRODUCTION

Water plays an important role in the material, social and cultural life of mankind. The

water needs are increasing day by day. This is the result of population growth and increase in

the standard of living which is directly proportional to water consumption. The lifting of water

for drinking or irrigation purposes is of great importance in widely distributed villages with little

or no rural electrification and where underground water is available.

Radial plunger Pedal operated reciprocating water pumping system are reciprocating

pump in which the piston is provided for the pumping action. The piston is reciprocated with the

help of a pneumatic cylinder, pedal with chain sprocket mechanism and Cam mechanism.

A pump is a Mechanical device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.

This pump is classified into two types;

i. Positive Displacement and

ii. Non-Positive Displacement pump

In positive displacement pump is the one, in which the liquid is transferred positively

from one stage to another stage by the to and fro motion of the plunger or piston of the pump.

In non-positive displacement pump the liquid is transferred by the centrifugal force. This force

is cause due to the rotary movement of an impeller. In this, our project, pedal operated

reciprocating water pump is of positive displacement pump. The salient features of a pedal

operated reciprocating water pump have been retained in our project model and this has been

achieved with great care.

Due to high precision work involved in producing pedal operated reciprocating water

pump besides higher cost these pumps are not widely manufactured by most of the industries.

The very name itself indicates that it works with the help of a piston. This piston is reciprocated

with the help of a solenoid valve and electronic timing control unit.

Pedal operated Mobile phone charger an important role in the material, social and

cultural life of mankind. Imagine never having to plug your cell phone into the wall again now

you can just plug it into your cycle “Watts Maker” cell phone charger. The system consists of a

small generator that provides power to your mobile phone while you take an evening ride

around the neighborhood or pedal to work. This model takes about 90 minutes to go from dead to

fully charged, and it produces energy as long as the wheels keep turning.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SDIT KENJAR

http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/01/10/freeplay-companion-phone-charger-radio-and-flashlight-all-in-one/

http://www.oscarlhermitte.com/index.php?work=39


Practical concept for those on self-supported bike tours or those living temporarily in

situations without electricity. Just unplug your phone from the wall, and in the time that it takes

for you to rig up this gizmo your phone will be out of juice and you'll be due for a long Ride A

couple visits to the local hardware store and Radio Shack secured all the parts we needed for the

job Our pedal powered phone charging station is a great way to get people on board at events by

providing a genuinely useful service and empowering people to generate their own energy for

cell phone. The pedal type water pumping and mobile phone charger system machine is a new

innovative concept is mainly used to save power. In this concept we have designed a fabrication

of pedal type water pumping system.

Here we are using the mechanical energy for pumping the water without using any other

electrical energy or any other fuel based energies and also generates the electrical power from

the dynamo by the rotation of the cam plate. The power which will be stored on a battery and can

be used to charge mobile phones.

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from other sources

of primary energy. The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered during

the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael Faraday. His basic method is still used

today: electricity is generated by the movement of a loop of wire, or disc of copper between

the poles of a magnet. For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to

consumers. The other processes, electricity transmission, distribution, and electrical power

storage and recovery using pumped-storage methods are normally carried out by the electric

power industry. Electricity is most often generated at a power station by

electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled by

chemical combustion or nuclear but also by other means such as the kinetic energy of flowing

water and wind. Other energy sources include solar photovoltaic and geothermal power.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_engine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_generator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_industry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_industry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_transmission

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_utility

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_disc

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_energy


LITERATURE SURVEY

H.Arabshabhi “the ability to reduce fuel use or increase incomes in less developed regions makes

great sense”, Department of Mechanical Engineering, took his bicycle machine design from a

Steel City drawing board to the heart of Guatemala as part of his dissertation, which required

him to `make something useful out of rubbish.[1]

M.Saddam Ahammed” The simplest type of reciprocating pump is the suction pump, which

draws water from shallow wells by creating a partial vacuum in a suction pipe”, All of the

moving parts, including a plunger moved by the lever and a suction check valve, are located

above ground; only the suction pipe extends downward into the well. As the lever is pushed

downward, the plunger is moved upward, lifting the water above it to be discharged through a

spout, and pulling water below it upward through an open suction check valve. As the lever is

moved upward, the plunger is moved downward, through the water below it, creating a pressure

which opens a valve in the plunger while closing the suction check valve. Two disadvantages of

this type of pump are first, it must be primed with water before it can be used and, second, the

suction principle, depending on atmospheric pressure to lift water, limits the usefulness of the

device to wells having depths less than about seven meters.[2]

Mr. Leary” first try yields a rubbish sourced pump that can achieve a 40-liter per minute flow

rate — equal to about four U.S”, specification normal showers running, which is more than 10

U.S. gallons. At 26 meters (85.3 feet) of head or lift, a flow rate of 5 liters per minute can be

achieved, still more than a gallon. Leary spent four months time in Guatemala improving the

design for his bicibomba movil — a mobile bicycle-powered water pump to be used for

irrigation and general water distribution — by working with the Guatemalan Non Governmental

Organization Maya Pedal, who designs and builds a variety of weird and wonderful bicycle

machines using abandoned bikes sent from the U.S. and Canada[3]

M.Gholizadeh” a treadle type foot pedal drive, together with a pair of flywheels, has been

applied to a double piston pump”



a treadle type foot pedal drive, together with a pair of flywheels, has been applied to a

double piston pump, Model SB-115, produced by the Water Conservancy Bureau of Shandong

Province, China. The Climax pump, manufactured by Wildon Engineering of Worcestor, United

Kingdom, and the Volanta pump, manufactured by Jensen Venneboer BV, The Netherlands, are

both pumps in which a reciprocating motion is developed using a connecting rod driven by a

rotating crank mounted on a shaft along with a flywheel. An eccentric rod extends from the

flywheel for use as a hand crank. The Climax pump also uses a counterweight to balance the

lifting force applied through the crank.[4]

Manav mittal “ It’s a surprise what the human under ¼ horsepower output can accomplish”.

The back tire of the bike makes direct contact with the exposed armature of the motor,

which is then covered with rubber from an old tire to give better grip. The machine was tested to

a range of heights, with no head or lift making 40 liter per minute flow rate and the reported 26

meters lift making 5 liters per minute. Just like pedaling a bike The bike-mounting frame can be

built quickly and easily using only basic workshop tools and materials, including a few lengths

of angle iron, some flat lengths of metal, bicycle seat posts and seat tubes, and a scrapped

standard electric centrifugal water pump. [5]

Reigen Wilfred “to design a novel product from waste material for my Master’s thesis”

It is gratifying to see that the design expertise that we foster in our students can be utilized in

worthy projects such as this. It is a result where everybody wins; Leary, the University and most

importantly, the people of Guatemala.” The human’s ¼ horsepower isn’t much. But when used

effectively a wee bit of energy can go a long way. 10 gallons, two full five gallon buckets in a

minute would be 80 pounds – if just moving the water to extract heat – properly put to work

human power looks very strong. [6]

David Matthews, “The performance of heat pumps is good when they are appropriately

designed, installed and commissioned”, if not the performance can be significantly reduced. b.

Reporting of Seasonal Performance Factor of heat pumps is not always fully defined in reporting

performance of heat pumps, such that it is not clear whether it is the performance of the heat

pump unit or the overall system including pumps, ground collector loops etc. Monitoring of heat

pumps should allow the performance of the heat pump unit and the total performance of the



system to be evaluated, and reporting of performance should clearly state whether it is H1, H2,

H3 or H4 as per the SEPEMO guidance. c. Side-by-side monitoring of heat pump systems that

allows comparison with similar buildings with conventional systems can provide valuable

information. Information about occupancy patterns and control usage is essential to evaluation of

differences in performance between similar systems. d. Monitoring of communal systems is

required to understand the performance of systems in practice and to evaluate their proper

application. e. Controls and communication issues require greater attention to ensure end users

understand that heat pumps are more sensitive than conventional systems and require some

change in heating patterns and behaviour to maximise performance.[7]

Vincent Wedlock, ‘”Development is permitted only if the air source heat pump installation

complies with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme Planning Standards or equivalent

standards.”

Protection is provided for customers of renewable energy in these two areas and covers the

prevention of or limitation of risk of problems occurring and the procedures and customer

support in the event of claims. In the UK and across Europe, consumer rights are protected

through statutory laws and directives covering the process of selling and sale of goods,

guarantees and warranties and contractual agreements and through Codes of Conduct which

businesses have to abide by to gain approval from trade organisations or schemes such as the

Renewable Energy Association, Ground Source Heat Pump Association or the Buy with

Confidence scheme. These laws and codes are enforced by Government supported organisations

such as Trading Standards services as well as independent trade and consumer organisations and

schemes. In the UK, there are now schemes such as the Microgeneration Certification Scheme

(MCS) and the Renewable Energy Consumer Code (RECC) in place to provide customer

protection and insurance for the sale of domestic microgeneration products. These schemes are

relatively new and the recent UK Government Microgeneration Strategy consultation revealed

some key areas for improvement.[8]

Karim El khadiri,”Design of a battery charger interface recharger for a mobile”, Battery charger

interface pre-charge is very important function in the battery management integrated circuit,

which allows the control of the charge of the battery with the maximum battery autonomy



without reducing its life. The Battery Charger Interface Pre-charge has been designed and

implemented in a 0.35µm CMOS technology and the active area of this circuit is about

1.54mm2. When designing a circuit for portable applications, an important issue is how to

manage the power consumption. Because of the high cost of providing power to portable

equipment, the minimization of power dissipation in per line components is a key design

objective. low cost integrated battery charging interface is needed to control the charge of the

main battery with safety.[9]

Binod Sreenivasan,”On dynamo action produced by boundary thermal coupling”, Rotating

dynamos controlled by laterally varying thermal conditions at the boundary are investigated in

this paper”, A quasi-stationary, locked solution is obtained when the thermal winds produced by

the non-ax symmetric lateral variations come into an approximate balance with the Coriolis

forces. This force balance is verified numerically for both equatorially symmetric and ant

symmetric boundary variations. The introduction of lateral variations at the boundary can excite

dynamo action in a weakly convective regime that does not otherwise sustain a magnetic field

with homogeneous boundary heating. A suffi- ciently large lateral variation drives strong radial

and axial fluid motions near the equatorial plane; these flows in turn generate the helicity

required for dynamo action. It is shown that a boundary-locked dynamo operates in a state of

equipartition between the velocity and magnetic fields. The departure from equipartition in a

partially locked dynamo allows the magnetic energy to be greater than the kinetic energy. As the

balance of forces in a locked dynamo is different from that in a convection-driven dynamo,

lowermantle coupling could have a marked effect on the structure and dynamics of convection in

the Earth’s core.[10]



OBJECTIVES

Since the Pedal operated reciprocating water Pump is more efficient it is used for pumping

the water or oil mostly.

Domestic Applications

Industrial Applications

It is widely applicable in industrial practices. It is used,

In hydraulic lifts and Jack

In hydraulic press

In load transfer applications

In hydraulic puller

In service centers

In mechanical clamping applications

In deep drawing, shearing etc

In machine shops for actuating various machines

In wheel mechanism of an aero crafts

And it is used in all places wherever positive displacement is required. There it has a

wide range of application in all fields.

Nowadays almost all the manufacturing process is being atomized in order to deliver the

products at a faster rate. The manufacturing operation is being atomized for the following

reasons.

To achieve mass production

To reduce man power

To increase the efficiency of the plant

To reduce the work load

To reduce the production cost

To reduce the production time

To reduce the material handling

To reduce the fatigue of workers

To achieve good product quality

Less Maintenance

Since the Pedal operated cell phone charger is more efficient it is used for mobile charger.



All mobile charging Applications

And for the Pedal operated water Pump is more efficient it is used for pumping the water or

oil mostly.

Domestic Applications

Industrial Applications

This is of compact in size

Less Maintenance is enough

Quite running and smooth operation is achieved.

Higher efficiency

Effective working principle

Less Maintenance

Even if all the other pumps are similar in use the Pedal operated reciprocating water

pump is more advantageous than the other pumps.



METHODOLOGY

Initially starting with cycle pedaling operation is manually. The sprocket is coupled to

another sprocket with the help of chain drive. The second sprocket shaft is coupled to the Cam

plate with the help of End bearings. When engaged, the generator wheel rolls against the cycle

tire. The motion produces electricity, and the greater your speed, the greater the voltage output.

The cord from the generator leads first to the circuit board's bridge rectifier, which converts the

AC to DC. In other words, the up-and-down, positive-to-negative current becomes a steady

positive current. Then, the capacitor levels out the DC voltage, producing a steady voltage inflow

to the voltage regulator. The voltage regulator is crucial, as the phone only needs 3 to 4 volts to

charge, whereas fast pedaling can produce 30 volts or more, which is enough to fry the average

cell phone. The regulator controls the voltage, putting a five-volt ceiling on the power entering

the phone.

Initially starting with cycle pedaling operation is manually. The sprocket is coupled to

another sprocket with the help of chain drive. The second sprocket shaft is coupled to the Cam

plate with the help of End bearings. The Cam plate is coupled to the pneumatic cylinder with the

help of Cam shaft

The 2 outlet ports are connected to an actuator (Cylinder). The pneumatic activates is a

double acting, single rod cylinder. The cylinder output is coupled to further purpose. The piston

end has a water horning effect to prevent sudden thrust at extreme ends. The end of the cylinder

two Non return valve is connected for both of the side. One Non return valve for suction side and

another one non return valve are for delivery side.

The pedaling operation done by manually with the help of man and this power is

transferred to the Cam mechanism. This Cam and cam shaft is used to activate the pneumatic

cylinder. The pneumatic cylinder forward stroke is suction the water and return stroke will

deliver the water.

In this concept we have design the gym based system is the simple mechanism for water

pumping and generate the electrical power with the help of pedaling operation. It system also

consists of one more advantage, the pedaling operation just acts like an exercise to the human

being. Here the pedaling arrangement is coupled with the cam. So whenever we operate the

chain drive to pedal it’s rotated the cam mechanism which makes the pedaling operation easier to

pump the water. The output from the pedaling system is coupled with the pneumatic cylinder.



Here we are converting the rotary motion in to the linear motion for pumping the water. The

pressure pushes the piston for the stroke. At the end of the stroke pressure reaches the rear end of

the cylinder block. The pressure remains the same but the area is less due to the presence of the

piston rod. This exerts greater pressure on the piston pushing it at a faster rate thus enabling

faster return stroke. The outlet of the cylinder is connected with the tank on one side and the

same to discharge the water with help of a T joint. When the piston of the cylinder actuates it

sucks the water in the tank due to the vacuum produced in the cylinder. Here the dynamo is

coupled with the cam plate; the dynamo’s output power is stored on a battery and used to charge

the mobile phone.



DESCRIPTION OF PARTS

DYNAMO

Dynamo is an electrical generator. This dynamo produces direct current with the use of a

commutator.dynamo were the first generator capable of the power industries.The dynamo uses

rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct

electric current. A dynamo machine consists of a stationary structure, called the stator, which

provides a constant magnetic field, and a set of rotating windings called the armature which turn

within that field. On small machines the constant magnetic field may be provided by one or more

permanent magnets; larger machines have the constant magnetic field provided by one or more

electromagnets, which are usually called field coils.

Fig 2: DYNAMO

The commutator was needed to produce direct current. When a loop of wire rotates in a

magnetic field, the potential induced in it reverses with each half turn, generating an alternating

current. However, in the early days of electric experimentation, alternating current generally had

no known use. The few uses for electricity, such as electroplating, used direct current provided

by messy liquid batteries. Dynamos were invented as a replacement for batteries. The

commutator is a set of contacts mounted on the machine's shaft, which reverses the connection of

the windings to the external circuit when the potential reverses, so instead of alternating current,

a pulsing direct current is produced.

Speed = 1000 rpm

Volts = 12 v

Watts = 18 w


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroplating

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutator_(electric)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_magnet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armature

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stator

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_(electricity)


If the dynamo rotates at 1000 rpm it will produce 6- 8 v

3.2 PEDAL

A pedal is the part of an equipment in this project that the human pushes with his or her

foot to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclist's foot or shoe and the

crank allowing the leg to turn the bottom bracket axle. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that

threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to

rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle.

AIR CYLINDERS:

There are only two main kinds of air cylinders: Double acting, and single acting. They

come in all variations, shapes and sizes. Both kinds are useful for haunt work. Double acting

cylinders are useful when you need to push in both directions, and single acting cylinders are

useful when only a push in one direction is needed. And, sometimes 'in a pinch', you can adapt a

double to act as a single, and a single to act as a double.

Air cylinders are measured by three main values: "pressure rating", the "bore", and "stroke"

PressureThis is the maximum pressure the air cylinder can safely

handle.

Bore The interior diameter of the cylinder.

Stroke The range of movement of the air cylinder's rod.

There are lots of calculations to accurately figure the power of a cylinder, but most haunt pop-up

applications can be handled by air cylinders in the range of 3/4" to 1-1/2" bore, and 3" to 8"

stroke.

Power measurements primarily take into account the air pressure (the higher the pressure,

the more power); and the bore (the larger the bore - the more power). The power ratings are

usually only quoted at maximum pressure. So if a cylinder produces180 pounds of 'push', it will

only deliver that at the maximum pressure (usually 250 psi for commerical cylinders).

Haunters should work their props to work and much, much lower pressures. A good goal

is not to exceed 60-70psi for working props. Going much higher causes more stress on the prop



and all parts in the air system, and make your compressor run more often. Even at lower

pressures, air cylinders can still move very fast and deliver quite a lot push, so always be very

careful around pneumatics!

Double Acting means the air cylinder rod is 'pushed' out, and 'pushed' in.

A typical double acting air cylinder

Every double acting air cylinder has these basic parts. A cylinder to hold everything

together, a 'plunger' that the air pushes against, two connections to get the air in and out, and a

rod that goes in and out. That's it. Here's a simple animation to illustrate the motion...

As air is sent into the left connection (pressure is shown in yellow), it pushes against the

plunger and the rod goes out. At the same time, air is released out of the right connection. To

reverse the motion, air is sent into the right connection, pushing against the plunger on the other

side and the rod is forced back in.

The trick to the double acting cylinder is that you have to let air OUT of the other side!

This is an important feature of the double acting cylinder, and an advantage that gives you great

control over the motion of the rod (but, more on that later!).

TIP: the most useful double acting cylinder I've found is one with 1/4" connections, 6"-8"

stroke, 1" bore, and end clevis mounts. Of course, most any cylinder can be adapted for haunt

use!

SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

Single Acting means the air cylinder rod is ONLY pushed in a single direction, either out

or in. There is only one connection for air, and a little hole in the other end to let air in and out. A

spring is used to push the rod in the opposite direction after air pressure is removed.



Single Acting Air Cylinder, with the rod normally out without pressure

Single Acting Air Cylinder, with the rod normally in without pressure

As air is pushed into the connection, the plunger begins to move and compress the spring.

Exhaust air exits out the exhaust hole on the other end. When air is released, it exits out the

connection, and air is sucked into the exhaust hole as the spring pushes the plunger back to its

resting position. Basically, the spring is 'push' needed to return the plunger and rod back to their

starting position.

When selecting a cylinder for an application, remember that a double acting cylinder pushes in

both directions, while a single acting cylinder only pushes in one direction.

MOUNTING

There are about as many ways to mount an air cylinder as there are different types of air

cylinders. Again, this is because of all the uses. My personal favorite is the clevis mount. (see

photo below) Clevis mounts give the greatest amount of movement, flexibility, and ease of

mounting over other mounts.

DESIGN CALCULATION FOR PNEUMATIC CYLINDER (32 x100)

Mini pressure applied in the cylinder (p) : 2x105N/m2

Diameter of the cylinder (D) : 32 mm

Stroke length : 100 mm

Area of cylinder (A) : (3.14/4*(D2)

: (.785x.0322) : 8.0384 x 10-4m2

Force exerted in the piston (F) : Pressures applied X area

Of cylinder

Force : (2 x 105 n /m2) (8.0384 x 10-4m2)

: 160.68 N

For lifting one kg weight, the force required is given by,



Force = m x a

= 1 x9.81

= 9.81 N

And the pressure required for one pneumatic cylinder to lift I kg is given by,

Pressure, P =Force/ Area

= 9.81 N/8.0384 x 10-4 m2

=12203.92 N/m2

=12203.92 pa

Pressure =0.1220392 bar

Maximum load in the cylinder = Pressure*area

= 160.68 N

Total load in the cylinder = m x a

= 160.68 x9.81

= 1576.27 kg

CAM

A cam is a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a lever at one or more

points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to

a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth

reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower which is a lever making contact with the

cam.

The reason the cam acts as a lever is because the hole is not directly in the centre,

therefore moving the cam rather than just spinning. On the other hand, some cams are made with

a hole exactly in the centre and their sides act as cams to move the levers touching them to move

up and down or to go back and forth.

NON-RETURN VALVE:

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a mechanical device, a

valve, which normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.



Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for

fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a

wide variety of applications. Check valves are often part of common household items. Although

they are available in a wide range of sizes and costs, check valves generally are very small,

simple, and/or cheap. Check valves work automatically and most are not controlled by a person

or any external control; accordingly, most do not have any valve handle or stem. The bodies

(external shells) of most check valves are made of plastic or metal.

An important concept in check valves is the cracking pressure which is the minimum

upstream pressure at which the valve will operate. Typically the check valve is designed for and

can therefore be specified for a specific cracking pressure.

3.6 TUBE:

A hose is a hollow tube designed to carry fluids or air from one location to another.

Hoses are also sometimes called tube or pipes (the word pipe usually refers to a rigid tube,

whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally tubing. The shape of a hose is

usually cylindrical (having a circular cross section).

Hose design is based on a combination of application and performance. Common factors

are Size, Pressure Rating, Weight, Length, Straight hose or Coilhose and Chemical

Compatabiltiy.

Hoses are made from one or a combination of many different materials. Applications

mostly use nylon, polyurethane, polyethylene, PVC, or synthetic or natural rubbers, based on the

environment and pressure rating needed. In recent years, hoses can also be manufactured from

special grades of polyethylene (LDPE and especially LLDPE). Other hose materials include

PTFE (Teflon), stainless steel and other metals.



CHAIN DRIVE

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. It is

often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles. It is

also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. The power is conveyed by a roller

chain, known as the drive chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the gear meshing

with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and this pulls the chain putting

mechanical force.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprocket

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_chain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_chain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle


WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this concept we have design the gym based system is the simple mechanism for

water pumping and generate the electrical power with the help of pedaling operation. It

system also consists of one more advantage, the pedaling operation just acts like an

exercise to the human being. Here the pedaling arrangement is coupled with the cam. So

whenever we operate the chain drive to pedal it’s rotated the cam mechanism which

makes the pedaling operation easier to pump the water. The output from the pedaling

system is coupled with the pneumatic cylinder. Here we are converting the rotary motion

in to the linear motion for pumping the water. The pressure pushes the piston for the

stroke. At the end of the stroke pressure reaches the rear end of the cylinder block. The

pressure remains the same but the area is less due to the presence of the piston rod. This

exerts greater pressure on the piston pushing it at a faster rate thus enabling faster return

stroke. The outlet of the cylinder is connected with the tank on one side and the same to

discharge the water with help of a T joint. When the piston of the cylinder actuates it

sucks the water in the tank due to the vacuum produced in the cylinder. Here the dynamo

is coupled with the cam plate; the dynamo’s output power is used to charge the mobile

phone.

Fig.1:INTEGRATED PEDAL OPERATED PUMPING SYSTEM AND MOBILE CHARGER



DESIGN

Chain drive design is done by following this procedure and referring to the design data.

1. Calculate the drive ratio R (velocity ratio) given the input RPM and output RPM.

Drive ratio=N1/N2 = T2/T1

VELOCITY RATIO = N1/N2

So,

N1/N2 = T1/T2

N1= 30

N2= ?

T1= 44

T2 = 18

N1/N2 = T1/T2

30/N2 = 44/18

N2 = (30) / (44/18)

N2 = (30)/2.44

N2 = 12.30 RPM

Velocity ratio = N1/N2= 30/12.30

Velocity ratio =2.44

2. Determine the number of teeth of the sprockets.

Minimum number of teeth on the sprocket = 18

3. Number of teeth on the larger sprocket

Number of teeth on the larger sprocket = 44

4. Determine the design power by using the service factor, such that

Design power = Rated power x Service factor(Ks)

= 0.25 x Service factor (Ks)

= 0.25 x ( (Load factor(K1) x (Lubrication factor (K2) x Rating factor (K3)

= 0.25 x (1.5 x 2.44 x 1.25)

Design power = 1.143kW

5. Choose the type of chain, number of strands for the design power and RPM of the smaller

sprocket

Types of chain = simple roller chain (06B)



Power rating (in kW) = 0.25

Speed of smaller sprocket or pinion (RPM) = 30

6. Note down the parameters of the chain, such as pitch, roller diameter, minimum width of

roller.

ISO chain number = 06B

Pitch (mm) = 9.525

Roller diameter (mm) = 6.535

Minimum width (mm) = 5.72

Braking load (simple type roller chain) in kN = 8.9

7. Find the velocity.

Velocity, v = (π D N)/60

(3.14×0.0065×30)/60

0.0102 m/s

8. Find the pitch circle diameter and pitch line velocity of the smaller sprocket

Pitch circle diameter (D) = p / (sin (180/T))

= 9.525 /(sin (180/18))

= 9.525 / (sin (7.5))

= 9.525/0.173648

Pitch circle diameter (D) in mm = 54.852

Stroke length : Cylinder stoker length 160 mm = 0.16 m

Piston rod : 18 mm = 18 x 10ˉ³ m

Quantity : 2

Seals : Nitride (Buna-N) Elastomer

End cones : Cast iron

Piston : EN – 8

Media : Air

Temperature : 0-80 º C

Pressure Range : 8 N/m²



2. Connectors

Technical data

Max working pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Temperature : 0-100 º C

Fluid media : Air

Material : Brass

3. Hoses

Technical date

Max pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Outer diameter : 6 mm = 6 x 10 ˉ ³m

Inner diameter : 3.5 mm = 3.5 x 10 ˉ ³m

DESIGN CALCULATION

PNEUMATIC CYLINDER:

Design of Piston rod:

Load due to air Pressure.

Diameter of the Piston (d) = 40 mm

Pressure acting (p) = 6 kgf/cm²

Material used for rod = C 45

Yield stress (σy) = 36 kgf/mm²

Assuming factor of safety = 2

Force acting on the rod (P) = Pressure x Area

= p x (Πd² / 4)

= 6 x {( Π x 4² ) / 4 }

P = 73.36 Kgf

Design Stress(σy) = σy / F0 S

= 36 / 2 = 8 Kgf/mm²

= P / (Π d² / 4 )

∴ d = √ 4 p / Π [ σy ]



= √ 4 x 75.36 / {Π x 18}

= √ 5.33 = 2.3 mm

∴ Minimum diameter required for the load = 2.3 mm

We assume diameter of the rod = 15 mm

DISTRIBUTION CHAMBER:

Design of cylinder thickness:

Material used = Cast iron

Assuming internal diameter of the cylinder = 75 mm

Ultimate tensile stress = 250 N/mm² = 2500 gf/mm²

Working Stress = Ultimate tensile stress / factor of safety

Assuming factor of safety = 4

Working stress ( ft ) = 2500 / 4 = 625 Kgf/cm²

According to ‘LAMES EQUATION’

Minimum thickness of cylinder ( t ) = ri {√ (ft + p) / (ft – p ) -1 }

Where,

ri = inner radius of cylinder in cm.

ft = Working stress (Kgf/cm²)

p = Working pressure in Kgf/cm²

∴ Substituting values we get,

t = 3.75 { √ (625 + 6) / ( 625 – 6) -1}

t = 0.036 cm = 0.36 mm



We assume thickness of cylinder = 7.5 mm

Inner diameter of barrel = 75 mm

Outer diameter of barrel = 75 + 2t

= 75 + ( 2 x 7.5 ) = 90 mm

Design of Piston rod:

Diameter of Piston Rod:

Force of piston Rod (P) = Pressure x area = p x Π/4 (d²)

= 6 x (Π / 4) x (7.5)²

= 265 Kgf

Also, force on piston rod (P) = (Π/4) (dp)² x ft

P = (Π/4) x (dp)² x 625

256 = (Π/4) x (dp)² x 625

∴ dp² = 256 x (4/Π) x (1/625)

= 0.52

dp = 1.87 cm = 18.7 mm

By standardizing dp = 20 mm

Length of piston rod:

Approach stroke = 50 mm

Length of threads = 2 x 20 = 40mm

Extra length due to front cover = 12 mm

Extra length of accommodate head = 20 mm

Total length of the piston rod = 50 + 40 + 12 + 20

= 12.2 cm

By standardizing, length of the piston rod = 120 mm



Dynamo

speed = 1000 rpm

Volts = 12 v

Watts = 18 w

If the dynamo rotates at 1000 rpm it will produce 6- 8 v

ADVANTAGES

This is of compact in size

Less Maintenance

The oil or water pumped is of higher pressure


Higher efficiency

Full efficient positive displacement pump




It does not have any Prime mover, like electric motor related to the unit.

As the air is freely available, we can utilize the air to pumping the water and hence it is

economical. This is of compact in size

Less Maintenance is enough


Higher efficiency


Less Maintenance

DISADVANTAES

Less efficiency when compressed to other device.

Leakage of air affects the working of the unit.

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

3. OBJECTIVES



4. METHODOLOGY

5. DESCRIPTION OF PARTS

6. WORKING PRINCIPLE

7. DESIGN

8. ADVANTAGES

9. DISADVANTAGES


New Second Dany

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