New approaches to intellectual property in the digital age
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New approaches to intellectual property in
the age of web 2.0
Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South Africa licence
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‘In the new economy, information is the
scarce resource’
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‘Downloading music for free is piracy’
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(1)Some basic economics of
information production and innovation
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a) Characteristics
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•Non-rival
a) Characteristics
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•Non-rival
•Both the input and output of its own production process
a) Characteristics
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b) information production strategies
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Romantic maximisers
• firm sells software to a larger firm
• author sells rights to a book or film
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Mickey
• Disney reuses inventory for derivative works;
• buy outputs of Romantic Maximizers.
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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RCA
• companies hold blocking patents;
• create patent pools to build valuable goods.
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Scholarly lawyers
• Write articles to get clients
• Bands that give music for free and charge money for gigs
• software companies who develop free software but charge for customization, training etc
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Know-How
• Firms that have cheaper or better production processes because of research;
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Learning networks
• share info with similar organisations e.g. newspapers fund wire services, professional societies for engineers etc.
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Joe Einstein
• give away info for free in return for status, reputation, value of the innovation to themselves
• e.g. amateur choirs, academics, op-eds, mailing lists, free software developers etc.
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Los Alamos
• share in-house information in order to get govt grants
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Limited sharing networks
• release paper to small number of colleagues to get comment;
• share information on formal condition of reciprocity (e.g. copyleft)
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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Dramatic decline in costs of means of
production
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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< nonmarket production of information
+< information centre of
advanced economies
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your company?
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Public domain Intrafirm
Barter/sharing
Rights-based exclusion
Romantic maximisers Mickey RCA
Nonexclusion-Market
Scholarly lawyers Know-How
Learning networks
Nonexclusion-Nonmarket Joe Einstein Los Alamos
Limited sharing
networks
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(2)Commons-based peer
production
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200110 contributors
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2002472 contributors
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200548,721 contributors
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Commons-based peer production
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A
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•allow commercial use?•allow derivatives?•share alike?
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(3)Let’s get practical
dammit!
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How to stimulate peer production around your
brand?
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