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Methane emission as influenced by

different crop establishment techniques

and organic manure

H. M. Jayadeva, T. K. Prabhakara Setty,

R. C. Gowda, et. al


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MATERIALS AND METHODS

Location: ARS- Kathalagere, kharif-2005, variety:KRH-2Soil type- Red clay loam.

pH-6.6 OC- 0.72%

N- 343 K ha-1 P2O5- 19 ha-1 K2O- 249 ha

-1

Treatments

Crop establishment techniques

1. Transplanting

2. SRI

3. Aerobic-directed seeded rice


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Four source of nutrients

1. Recommended NPK

2. In situ greenmanure (sunhemp) + Recommend NPK

3. Paddy straw manuring + Recommend NPK

4. FYM + Recommend NPK

5. RFD of 100:50:50 Kgha-1


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Closed chamber method (Adhya et.al 1998) at 10 days interval from

30

th

(DAS).

Sampling done at morning (9.00 to 10.30 AM) & in afternoon (2.00

to 3.30 PM).

Individual planted pots were placed on tray & covered with perspex.

The tray was filled with water to a depth of 5cm.

In field, perspex chambers were placed on four (aerobic & SRI) and

fourteen (transplanting) hills of rice plant.

Analyzed for methane in gas chromatography equipped with FID.


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30 DAS 40 DAS 50 DAS 60 DAS 70 DAS 80 DAS 90 DAS Total

Establishment Techniques

Transplanting 0.104 2.17 2.60 4.42 5.38 5.80 4.10 24.57

SRI Method 0.161 2.31 2.71 3.29 4.29 5.30 3.96 22.01

Aerobic direct

seeded rice

0.116 1.54 1.66 2.27 2.69 3.10 1.81 13.18

Seem 0.003 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.24 0.52 0.44 0.45

CD @ 1% 0.007 0.26 0.26 0.66 0.67 1.43 1.22 1.23

Methane Emission(mg/pt/day)

Transplanting M1

SRI Method M2

Aerobic direct seeded rice M3


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Source of Nutrients

Rec. NPK 0.124 1.21 1.53 2.55 2.89 3.09 1.96 13.35

GM + Rec. NPK 0.128 2.19 2.33 3.17 3.90 4.59 3.05 19.35

PS + Rec. NPK 0.126 2.46 2.99 4.23 5.42 6.21 4.56 25.99

FYM + Rec.NPK 0.130 2.18 2.43 3.35 4.26 5.04 3.59 20.98

S.Em 0.001 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.40

CD @ 1% 0.003 0.22 0.24 0.32 0.38 0.47 0.33 0.97


Rec. NPK S1

GM + Rec. NPK S2

PS + Rec. NPK S3

FYM + Rec.NPK S4


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InteractionM1S1 0.099 1.26 1.96 3.01 3.49 3.57 2.56 15.95

M1S2 0.107 2.61 2.44 4.28 5.00 5.54 3.08 23.06

M1S3 0.103 2.34 3.41 5.80 7.54 8.06 6.28 33.54

M1S4 0.107 2.48 2.57 4.59 5.48 6.02 4.49 25.74

M2S1 0.160 1.35 1.48 2.96 3.21 3.44 2.09 14.69

M2S2 0.162 2.27 2.82 3.08 4.21 5.24 4.14 21.92

M2S3 0.158 3.08 3.54 3.98 5.19 6.62 5.22 27.79

M2S4 0.162 2.53 2.98 3.12 4.56 5.89 4.38 23.63

M3S1 0.114 1.02 1.14 1.69 1.98 2.26 1.22 9.42

M3S2 0.114 1.68 1.72 2.15 2.50 2.98 1.94 13.08

M3S3 0.117 1.95 2.02 2.90 3.52 3.94 2.19 16.64

M3S4 0.120 1.52 1.75 2.34 2.74 3.22 1.90 13.59

S.Em 0.02 0.15 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.33 0.23 0.69

CD @ 1% NS NS NS NS 0.66 NS 0.57 1.69



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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Crop establishment techniques

Showed significant influence on CH4 emission

During 30(DAS) SRI method recorded higher CH4 emission.

At 60 &70 DAS CH4 emission on par b/w SRI & normal transplanting.

Total CH4 emission was higher in normal transplanting at 60 & 70 DAS.

Aerobic method lower CH4 emission.

Source of nutrients

FYM+ Rec. NPK recorded higher CH4 emission @ 30 DAS.

Paddy straw manuring + Rec. NPK showed higher @ 40 DAS to 90 DAS.

Treatment combination

SRI technique and FYM + Rec. NPK recorded higher CH4 emission @ initial stages.

SRI technique and paddy straw + Rec. NPK recorded higher @ 40 and 50 DAS.

Normal transplanting and paddy straw + Rec. NPK recorded higher @ 60 to 90 DAS.


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CONCLUSION

Wider spacing under pudlled condition leads to more methane.

Flooding which intensifies soil reaction and the decomposition of

organic matter.

Wider C:N ratio attribute for more methane.

In all the cases total methane emission less with N:P:K only.


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INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS APPLICATIONON METHANE EMISSION AND PRODUCTION

IN FLOODED PADDY SOILS

T. K. ADHYA, et. al


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Cropping season Wet (June - October).

Soil type Deltaic AlluviumpH 6.2

OM 1.55%

Total N 1.55%

SO4-S 36.5g g-I

Variety Ratna (spacing- 15 20cm)

Plot size 5 5m

FIELD EXPERIMENT

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fertilizer rate- N(40Kgha-I) 50% @ basal & 25% @ maximum tillering, panicle

initiation.

K(30Kg ha-I) basal dose.

P(0, 30 & 60 Kg ha-1) as SSP at basal dose.(3 replication)

CH4 emission measured by closed chamber technique. At 5-d interval from DAT to

maturity.

Sampling were made at 9.00- 9.30 & 15.00-15.30 and the average taken.


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Laboratory experiment

The soils collected from plough layer (0-20cm).

Air dried, ground and sieved (


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Methane production studies

1 Case

The incubation method of wang et al(1993)

Air dried samples of 5 gm & 1-5 cm flooded with sterile water.

P applied as K2HPO4 in solution at 100g P g-I soil.

2 Study

The effects of different concentration of P on CH4 production. P-deficient soil (Khuntuni) was treated with K3HPO4 at 50, 100, 500 or 100g P g-I

3 Experiment

The effects of different source of P on CH4 production.

-Commercially available superphosphate

-Two rock phosphate (Mussorie and Jordan)

Were applied individually to the P-deficient soil (Khunutuni) at 100g P g-I.

Olsens P in soil at start and after 30d incubation was also determined

calorimetrically.


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TREATMENT

mg CH4 g-I soil

0 d 5d 10d 15d 20d 25d 30d

Khuntuni 1.5 2.9 13.5 108.7 1000.8 2986.2 2604.7

Khuntuni + P 1.7 3.0 33.0 516.8 1579.9 4892.6 5459.6

Alluvial 1.7 3.2 5.2 10.1 43.5 1142.6 1213.7

Alluvial + P 1.7 3.1 2.9 8.0 32.6 1118.0 1218.0

Effect of P applied as k2HPo4 at 100g P g-I soil on CH4

production in two soils


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P-addition (g g-1)

mg CH4 g -1 soil

0 d 5 d 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d

Control (no P) 1.4 5.4 15.1 52.2 445.3 2434.8 1688.850 4.6 5.0 23.9 143.4 1089.1 2659.2 3468.2

100 1.9 6.0 36.6 204.4 1982.8 4495.3 4646.9

500 1.5 5.8 29.6 106.7 865.0 288.9 3341.9

1000

1.4 5.7 19.8 45.3 477.4 2494.7 3884.0

Effect f differe t c ce trati f P CH4 i Kh t i s il


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P addition

(g g -I)

SO4 content %

of P sources

Mg CH4 g-I soil

0 d 5 d 10 d 15 d 20 d 25 d 30 d

Control 1.6 2.8 13.3 106.5 355.4 2469.8 2554.9

SSP 28.20 1.6 2.8 6.5 7.0 10.9 8.5 4.3

K2HPO4 1.5 6.3 13.6 136.3 994.8 2348.6 6426.0

MRP 2.91 1.5 9.7 48.2 64.4 177.8 173.8 1069.7

JRP 0.65 1.6 6.0

50

.8 213

.5 660

.2 433

1.3

6430

.1

P sources (added at 100g P g-I) & CH4

production in a P-deficient soil


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Effect of P applied as K2HPO4 at 100gP g-I soil on CH4

production

Both soils produce considerable amounts of CH4 during incubation for 30 d.

The Khuntuni soil produced more CH4 than Alluvial soil.

CH4 accumulated in significant amount after only 10d in khuntuni soil & after 20 d

in the alluvial soil.

Upon addition of P at 100g P g-I khuntuni soil further increased CH4 production.

Amount of P in P-deficient soil at 30 d after incubation was lower than the P

normal soil.

Effect of ifferent concentr tion of P on in untuni soil 50 & 100g g-I of P has stimulatory effect on CH4 production.

Addition of P above 100g P g-I soil was similar to that of 50g P g-I soil in CH4

production.


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Influence of ifferent sources of P (100g P g-I soil)

K2HPO4 & Jordan rock phosphate stimulated CH4production.

Mussorie rock phosphate & the SSP application resulted inCH4 reduction.


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Conclusion

CH4 emission in control is more than the application of P

as SSP.

P in P-deficient soil increases microbial activity such asheterotrophic N2 fixer .(Rao .et al. 1986)

P- demand of the microorganisms in the P- deficient(khuntuni) soil was saturated.

Sulphur inhibits the production of CH4 in anoxic condition.

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