Neutrino Scattering Experiments at NUMI and Booster and J-PARC (Oh my) Kevin McFarland University of...

Neutrino Scattering Experiments atNUMI and Booster and J-PARC

(Oh my)

Kevin McFarlandUniversity of Rochester

NUFACT10 June 2003

10 June 2003 Kevin McFarland: Future Neutrino Scattering 2

Outline

What are the physics topics? Neutrinos Beyond Oscillations

Neutrino beams: Now: FNAL Booster, KEK Future: FNAL NUMI, J-PARC

Detectors Some expected sample sizes

Thanks to: K2K, J-PARC , MINERvA, FINeSE collaborations, A. Bodek, B. Fleming, C. Keppel, J. Morfin, T. Nakaya


Physics Motivation


Low Energy Cross-Sections

Neutrino interactions

Plausible models exist to describe some aspects of data in each region Transitions between regions? A dependence, final-state interactions, etc.

Quasi-Elastic / Elastic n→-p (x =1, W=Mp)

Resonancep→p (low Q2, W)

Deep InelasticN→-X (high Q2, W)


Precision P(→e) and P(→)

Comparison of two precise measurements of →e can untangle magnitude and phase of Ue3 and mass hierarchy and anti- measurements or two measurements at different E or L/E This is not easy

» low statistics and incoherent systematic uncertainties

Sign of m23

Ue3|

Sign of m23

Ue3|

(Minakata et al.)


Where do Cross-Sections matter?

→, m223, 23

Signal is suppression in 600-800 MeV bin (peak of beam)

Dominated by non-QE background 20% uncertainty in non-QE is

comparable to statistical error Non-QE background feeds down

from E>Epeak

Quantitatively different for MINOS, NUMI-OA

Oscillation with m2=3×10-3

sin22=1.0

No oscillation

Non-QE

JHF->SK, 0.8MW-yr, 1ring FC -like

Reconstructed E (MeV)

(JHFnu LOI)



→e, 13

Shown at right is most optimistic 13; we may instead be fighting against background

NC 0 and beam e background both in play NC 0 cross-section poorly known We can model CC(e)/CC(). Is it

right? Precision measurement is the

endgame

sin22e=0.05 (sin22e 0.5sin2213)

NUMI 0.7° OA, No NC/e

discrimination (detector indep.)

(plot courtesy D. Harris)



→e vs →e, Cross-sections very different in two

modes “Wrong sign” background only

relevant in anti-neutrino» Crucial systematic in comparing

neutrino to anti-neutrino

Need CC()/CC() at high precision in sub- to few-GeV region

50×

5×

NUMI 0.7° OA, 3.8E20 POT


Status of Cross-Sections

Not well-known at 1-few GeV Knowledge of exclusive final states particularly poor Understanding of backgrounds requires differential cross-sections

for these processes! A dependence?

n–p0

nn+


Understanding scattering for all Q2

Appealing to describe cross-sections in terms of quark-parton picture PDFs relate neutrino and charged-

lepton cross-sections

But wait… what about resonances?

And what about non-perturbative region?(more later)

F2


Duality between quark and hadron descriptions relationship between confinement and asymptotic freedom intimately related to nature and transition from non-perturbative

to perturbative QCD

Quark-Hadron Duality


Duality in Structure Functions

2xF1 FL

QPMpredictions

Resonance Data


Duality and Neutrino Scattering

Quark-Parton picture modulated by resonances It seems so simple… but there is much to learn

Isospin selection of resonances in neutrino CC Sum rules and incorporating the elastic peak No information about axial contribution at low Q2 except

from neutrino scattering program

Physics program tying together the electron and neutrino scattering communities


How well do we know quarks at high-x?

Ratio of CTEQ5M (solid) and MRST2001 (dotted) to CTEQ6 for the u and d quarks at Q2 = 10 GeV2. The shaded green envelopes demonstrate the range of possible distributions from the CTEQ6 error analysis.


Why is this? Isn’t there data?

Discrepancy between global fits and data driven by differences between

DIS and Drell-Yan issues: non-PQCD to pQCD

transition; d/u ratio


Higher Twist Effects

Higher Twist Effects are terms in the structure functions that behave like a power series in (1/Q2 ) or [Q2/(Q4+A)]

While pQCD predicts terms ins

2 ( ~1/[ln(Q2/ 2)] )… s4 etc…

In the few GeV region, the termsof the two power series cannot be distinguished, experimentally or theoretically

Comparison of low and high Q2 data “measure” HTYang and Bodek: PRL 82, 2467 (1999) ;PRL 84, 3456 (2000); EPJ C13, 241 (2000); hep-ex/0203009 (2002)

Neutrino data: new vector in isospace (d/u), axial current


F2 / nucleon changes as a function of A. Vector current measured (with high statistics) in -A Axial current effects not well known; could, in principle, be different Agreement between F2

and F2 …

Shadowing

Anti-shadowing

“EMC” effect

Fermi motion

Nuclear Effects in Axial Current?


CCFR F2 and F2

… high Q2 data

corrected for “5/18” heavy flavor production

implies ratio is not one model predictions shown

high precision (1-2%) agreement at high x not tightly constrained

for x<<0.1

Nuclear Effects


F2 / nucleon changes as a function of A. Vector current measured (with high statistics) in -A Axial current effects not well known; could, in principle, be different Agreement between F2

and F2 limits differences at high x

» but effects in shadowing region low x possible? Need improved measurements in

Shadowing

Anti-shadowing

“EMC” effect

Fermi motion

Nuclear Effects in Axial Current?


Q2 = 15 GeV2•S.A.Kulagin has calculated shadowing for F2

and xF3 in -A interactions. Stronger effect than for -A interactions

•Shadowing in the low Q2 (A/VMD dominance) region is much stronger than at higher Q2.

-Ca/-D

Nuclear Effects in Scattering in Shadowing Region


Higher Q2: Flavor Separated SFs

Does s = s-bar and c = c-bar over all x? If so.....

F 2 (x,Q2) x u+u +d+d +2s +2c

F 2 (x,Q2) x u+u +d+d +2s+2c

xF3 (x,Q2) x u+d- u - d - 2s +2c

xF3 (x,Q2) x u+d- u - d +2s - 2c

F2 - xF3

=2u +d +2c 2U+4c

F2- xF3

=2u +d +2s =2U+4s

xF3 - xF3

2 s+s c +c =4s -4c

Using Leading order expressions:

Recall that Neutrinoshave the ability to directly resolve flavor of the nucleon’s constituents: interacts with d, s, u, and c while interacts with u, c, d and s.


A Very Strange Asymmetry

Non-perturbative QCD effects could generate a strange vs. antistrange momentum asymmetry in the nucleon decreasing at higher Q2

Brodsky and Ma, Phys. Let. B392

At high Q2, can produce charm from scattering from strange sea

E.g., fits to NuTeV and CCFR and dimuon data measure the strange and antistrange seas separately ( sc but sc )


Quasi-elastic neutrino scattering and associated form-factors. Contribution of the strange quark to proton spin through elastic

scattering.

sin2W to check the recent surprising NuTeV result ratio of NC / CC as well as d/dy from -e scattering?

Strange particle production for Vus, flavor-changing neutral currents and measurements of hyperon polarization important for atmospheric neutrino backgrounds to nucleon decay

experiments!

Laundry List: Other -Scattering Physics


Neutrino Beams: Now and Later

K2K

K2K taking data now


K2K near detector suite

flux anddirection

312 ton (1ev / 20spills)

6 ton 25 tonFid. Vol.:

(MRD)

(SciFi) (1Kton)

300m from the target


New K2K Fine Grained Detector

Large Volume:

(300×300×166) cm3 ~15tons

Finely segmented: 2.5×1.3×300 cm3

#channels : ～ 15,000

Fully activeFully active


miniBoonE detector

450 m baseline

8 GeV protonsfrom

FNAL Booster

horn to focusmesons towards

detector

Decay region:mesons decay to

neutrinos MiniBooNEdetector

FNAL Booster Neutrino Beamline


8 GeV beamline

Booster Neutrino Beamlinebegan delivering beam in August 2002

design intensity: 5 x 1020 protons per year

Be target

Status


FINeSE at FNAL Booster

The Beam New hall 100m from Target on-axis <E>~0.9 GeV

3×104/ton/3E20 POT(B. Fleming, NP02 talk)

(Fleming, NP02)


NuMI Beamline at Fermilab

MINERvAMain Injector

ExpeRiment v-A


NuMI Neutrino Beam Configurations

Horn 1 position fixed; target and horn 2 moveable Three “nominal” configurations: low-, medium-, high energy.


NuMI Near Hall

≈ 100 m undergroundLength: 45mHeight: 9.6mWidth: 9.5m

Lots of real estate available… 26m upstream section


Off-Axis Beams

Exploits kinematics of meson decay to produce a narrow-band beam

To 0th order, beam spectrum is function of angle and meson count Straightforward prediction

of relative flux at different angles (energies)

ABSOLUTE flux contained by production data

» E910, HARP, MIPP


Off-Axis Beams

Illustration at NUMI near detector site Can scan through

energies by changing detector angle

Width decreases» “quasi-monochromatic”

Rate significantly decreased at high angle

On Axis5m

10m

20m

On Axis

5m

10m20mNUMI Near On and Off-Axis Beams

(beam sim. courtesy M. Messier)

NUMI LEConfiguration

NUMI ME


Possible Sites

On-axis (near hall) andoff-axis sites at NUMI


Tunnel Dwelling

Not as nasty as one might think Wide with high ceilings

» separate personnel access to near hall

Flat floor, easy access to shaft» Relatively easy to bring utilities to site

10m

5m

Ditch

4.5m

6m


Easy to go 5-15 meters Off-Axis

Detector can be moved around to vary energy

Shaft

Near Hall

Absorber

Near (LE)10m

Near (LE)5m

Near (LE)

15m


Expect 2.5 x 1020 pot per year of NuMI running.

Low E-configuration: Events- (E>0.35 GeV) Epeak = 3.0

GeV, <E> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 200 K events/ton - year.

Med E-configuration: Events- Epeak = 7.0

GeV, <E> = 8.5 GeV, rate = 675 K events/ton - year

High E-configuration: Events- Epeak = 12.0

GeV, <E> = 13.5 GeV, rate = 1575 K events/ton - year

Rates at NUMI Near Hall


For example, 1 month neutrino plus 2 months anti-neutrino would yield: 0.15 M - events/ton 0.08 M bar - events/ton

DIS (W > 2 GeV, Q2 > 1.0 GeV2): 70K events / ton 30K bar events / ton

Shadowing region (x < 0.1): 25K events/ton

Short Runs at High Energy Productive!


Events / ton

elastic+

resonance

Low Energy NUMI Near Hall Kinematics

x

x (Q2>1, W>2 GeV)

Q2

W2

10 June 2003 Kevin McFarland: Future Neutrino Scattering

41

J-PARC neutrino and Near Detector

HERE


42

J-PARC Neutrino Detector Hall (280m) 20m

36m

SK direction

beam center with 3 off-axis.6m

Ground Level

target position11m

3.7m

6.2mHK


43

ND280 Spectrum off-axis (2 degrees)

similar spectrum as SK• measure flux and

the spectrum: selection of CC-QE

• study interaction– nonQE, , etc.

• measure e flux

• measure flux (?)

2 degree off-axis

w/ 50GeV 3.31014ppp

~4 events/100ton/spill

0.5 events/100ton/bunch

E (GeV)

SK

ND280off

Far/Near


Comparisons

K2K vs NUMI off-axis Lower rates by about

an order of magnitude at <E>~1.2 GeV

K2K SciBar Event Rates

~20K Events/10 tons fid.(courtesy C. McGrew)

NUMI Near Off-AxisEvent Rates/ton


Comparisons (Con’t)

FINeSE vs NUMI Off-Axis at <E>~0.9 GeV 100m from Target on-axis, rates and

energies similar to NUMI at 1km from target, 20m OA

» but 20m OA at NUMI requires a new (short) tunnel

NUMI Near Off-AxisEvent Rates/ton


Detectors for Neutrino Scattering


Detector: Physics Requirements

Good separation of NC and CC events Good identification and energy measurement of - and e±

Identification and separation of exclusive final states Quasi-elastic n–p, ene–p - observe recoil protons Single 0, ± final states - reconstruct 0

Multi-particle final-state resonances

Reasonable EM and hadronic calorimetry for DIS Accurate measurements of xBj, Q2 and W.

Multiple targets of different nuclei


Conceptual Design Scintillator (CH) strips with fiber readout.

Fully Active (int = 80 cm, X0 = 44 cm)

Add nuclear material with 2 cm thick planes of C, Fe and Pb. 11 planes C = 1.0 ton (+Scintillator) 3 planes Fe = 1.0 ton (+MINOS) 2 planes Pb = 1.0 ton

Muon catcher: ideally magnetized identifier / spectrometer MINOS near detector is great for this!

Considering the use of side detectors for low-energy -ID and shower energy.

2.0 m x 2.0 m x 2.0 m long

Scintillator Only

Scint. + Planes of C, Fe,W

Upstream Half

Downstream Half


Scintillation detector work at FermilabScintillation Detector Development Laboratory

Extruded scintillatorFiber characterization and test

Thin-Film facilityFiber processing: Mirroring and coatingsPhotocathode workDiamond polishing

Machine DevelopmentDiamond polishingOptical connector developmentHigh-density Photodetector packaging

(VLPC)

Triangles:1 cm base and transverse segmentation. Yields about 1 mm position resolution for mips

From D0 pre-shower test data

Polymer Dopant

Scintillator Cost < $ 5 / kg

Why plastic scintillator? Scintillator/Fiber R&D at Fermilab


Events in Scintillator Detector (courtesy David Potterveld)

CC: E = 4.04 GeV, x = .43, y = .37

“Elastic”: E = 3.3 GeV, x = .90, y = .08

CC: E = 11.51 GeV, x = ..34, y = .94

NC: E = 29.3 GeV, x = ..25, y = .46


Read-out/Photo-Sensors to Consider

MAPMTs - very safe Well-understood technology, know draw-backs, stable

development Relatively low QE Not too pricey for M-64 (MINOS price order $20/channel) Electronics cost non-trivial

CCD + I I - relatively inexpensive Commercial off-the-shelf with integrated readout -

inexpensive/channel Relatively low QE Slow device – probably no intra-spill timing


Read-out/Photo-Sensors to Consider - continued

VLPC - “Cool” Devices Not yet commercial but intense R&D development For D0 cost order $50/channel

» Bross speculates $10/channel “soon” High QE Requires cryogenic cooling to reduce noise

HPD and APD - Becoming commercial High QE but low gain Need high-gain electronics and some cooling (non-cryo) Less pricey than MAPMT but electronics could cost a bundle


Detector: Side -ID/Spectrometer

These side detectors also function as a calorimeter for particles leaking out the side. this is common in low energy events too much plastic is required to contain

shower several schemes for adding absorber to

edge and rear


54

Large Volume:

(300×300×166) cm3 ~15tons

Finely segmented: 2.5×1.3×300 cm3

Large Light Yield:7~20 photo-electrons/cm for MIP

Particle ID: p/ : dE/dx / : range

#channels : ～ 15,000

Proton Momentum: by dE/dx and range

(Almost) Working Example: SciBar @KEK


55

SciBar will be installed insummer 2003

Partial installation (4 layers out of 64) was done in the last December.


56

A partial SciBar detector was installed in January 2003.The full installation will be conducted from July to September in 2003.

4(X,Y) layers


57

Beam Event Cosmic Ray Event LED Event


58

K2K neutrino beam with ~200 keV threshold.

Penetrating events only


59

14 photo-electrons/cm for one strip

Attenuation Length ～ 360cm

Fiber attenuation measured bycosmic-ray


Event Rates on Nuclear Targetsand DIS Kinematics


H_2/D_2

MINOS Near

Fid. vol: r = 80 cm. l = 150 cm.

350 K CC evts in LH2 800 K CC evts in LD2 per year he- running.

Technically easy/inexpensive to build

and operate.

Meeting safety specifications the major

effort.

Planes of C, Fe, PbFor part of run

After initial (MINOS) run -add a Liquid H2/D2(/O/Ar) Target


(2.5 x 1020 protons per year)

Low Medium High

Energy Energy Energy (3 years) (1 year, me- ) (1 year, he-) (2 year, he -)

CH 2.60 M 2.10 M 4.80 M 2.70 M

C 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M

Fe 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M

Pb 0.85 M 0.70 M 1.60 M 0.90 M

LH2 0.35 M 0.20 M

LD2 0.80 M 0.45 M

NUMI Hall Detector (3 ton):

Event Rates (CC w/ E > 0.35 GeV)


Ratio Fe/C: Statistical Errorsfrom low energy Run

xBj all DIS

0.0 - .01 1.8 % n/a

.01 - .02 1.4 10 %

.02 - .03 1.3 6

.03 - .04 1.2 4

.04 - .05 1.1 3

.05 - .06 1.1 2.6

.06 - .07 1.0 2.3

.1.01.0010.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Pb/C

Fe/C

Kulagin Predictions: Fe/C and Pb/C - ALL EVENTS - 2-cycle

x

R (

A/C

)

( running only)

Statistics for Nuclear Effects

Q2 = 0.7 GeV2


Drell-Yan production results ( E-866) may

indicate that high-xBj (valence) quarks OVERESTIMATED.

A Jlab analysis of Jlab and SLAC high x DIS indicate high-xBj quarks UNDERESTIMATED.

≈ Statistical Errors for 1 year of he- xBj CH LH2 LD2

.6 - .65 0.6% 2.2% 1.5%

.65 - .7 0.7 2.6 1.7

.7 - .75 1.0 3.7 2.5

.75 - .8 1.3 5 3

.8 - .85 2 7 5

.85 - .9 3 11 7

.9 - 1.0 4 14 10

Measured / CTEQ6

CTEQ6

SLAC points

Might be d/u ratio

Physics Results: High-xBj PDFs


Conclusions


Summary

Exciting possibilities in neutrino scattering physics at upcoming superbeam experiments joint program between particle and nuclear physics

communities

Design/proposal stage: FINeSE (FNAL Booster) MINERvA (FNAL NUMI) J-PARC near detectors

Join us!

Neutrino Scattering Experiments at NUMI and Booster and J-PARC (Oh my) Kevin McFarland University of...

Documents

Transcript of Neutrino Scattering Experiments at NUMI and Booster and J-PARC (Oh my) Kevin McFarland University of...