What is a Network Protocol ? Explain TCP/IP.

Presented by

Bwsrang Basumatary

Dashrath Singh Nag

MLISc. Sem.-III, TISS, Mumbai

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Network Protocol

3. Network Structure

4. OSI Model

5. Seven OSI Layer

6. TCP/IP

7. TCP/IP and OSI Model

8. Features of TCP/IP

9. Conclusion

References

Introduction

• A collection of computing devices that are connected in various ways in

order to communicate and share resources is network

• Usually, the connections between computers in a network are made using

physical wires or cables

• Some connections are wireless, using radio waves or infrared signals

• Important for file sharing, communication and collaboration, remote

access, data protection etc.

Network Protocol

• Set of rules that leads to communication between computers on network

• It can be said that common network communication standard

• The purpose of a network is to enable the sharing of files and information between

multiple systems

• Network protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and make

connections with each other.

• Some Important Protocols

– Telnet, TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Network Structure

OSI Model

• Open Systems Interconnection

• Model for computer communication architecture

• Tools for understanding data communications

between two network systems.

• Developed by ISO during 1977.

Seven OSI Layers

1. Physical Layer: Send bits from one computer to another Media like Ethernet, Coaxial Cable, Token Ring, Hubs. Etc. Defines electrical and physical details represented as 0 or a 1 Functions are

Representation of Bits Data Rate Synchronization Line Configuration Topologies Transmission Modes (Half -Full duplex)

Cont......

2. Data Link Layer:• Provide node to node delivery of the data.• Divided into 2 sub layers:

• Media Access Control(MAC): Maintains physical device address.• Logical Link Control(LLC): Synchronizing, error checking.

• Provides an error-free virtual channel to the Network Layer.• Functions are

– Framing,

– Physical Addressing

– Flow Control

– Error Control

– Access Control

Cont.....

3. Network Layer:

• Deliver packets from source to destination across multiple links (networks).

• Manage the logical addressing information in the packets of data from sender to receiver

• Use Routers as network layer devices.

• Router use 2 layers of addressing : data link layer addressing for communications within the

LAN and network layer information for communications between LAN segments.

• Functions are

– Translates logical network address into physical address

– Control error

– Breaks larger packets into small packets.

Cont.....

4. Transport Layer:

• Delivered the entire message from source to destination

• Breaks data into smaller packets.

• Functions are :

– Service Point Addressing

– Segmentation and Reassembling

– Connection Control

– Flow Control

– Error control

5. Session Layer:

• It establishes, maintains, synchronizes and manage interaction between communicating devices

• Functions are :

– Session management,

– Synchronization,

– Dialogue control,

– Graceful close connecting between applications.

Cont.....

6. Presentation Layer

• Take care of the syntax of the information exchanged between two

communicating systems.

• Functions are :

– Translation,

– Encryption,

– Compression,

– Security validating passwords and login codes

Cont......

7. Application Layer:

• Manipulation of data in various ways is done in this layer which enables user to get

access to the network

• The application layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network.

• Contains SMTP, FTP, HTTP etc.

• Functions are :

– Network virtual terminal

– Directory Services

– Mail Services

– File Transfer,

– Access and Management

TCP/IP

• Stands for Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol

• Developed by Defence Advance Research Project Agency(DARPA),

1980s.

• Set of Protocol that enable communication between computers

• It is the two protocols commonly used by the Internet

• Known as language of Internet

TCP/IP and OSI Model

• Like network model TCP/IP also has OSI Model.

• OSI has 7 layer standards but TCP/IP has 4 layer standards.

Features of TCP/IP

1. Using around 35 years. It is most widely used protocol

2. Multy vendor supports.

3. Interoperability(multi platform).

4. Logical Addressing.

5. Routability

6. Name resolution.

7. Error control and flow control. etc.

Conclusion

Using web browser to browse pages from a web server, we used protocol like HTTP. For request web pages from web server using HTTP and the web server must response back to computer using HTTP.

If two devices in a network need to communicate, they need to use a common protocol.Today we can work in a heterogeneous network because of network protocol and TCP/IP.

References

Free Networking tutorials, System Administration Tutorials and Security Tutorials -

omnisecu.com. (n.d.). Retrieved September 6, 2015. from

http://www.omnisecu.com/

Computer Network Tutorial | Studytonight. (n.d.). Retrieved September 9, 2015. from

http://www.studytonight.com/computer-networks/overview-of-computer-networks

Sankwar, Akhilesh (2015, August, 04). Personal Communication. Web Technologies and Web-

based Information Services. TCP/IP Lecture, Mumbai: TISS.

Thank You