IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP...

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IP Addressing IP Addressing Higher Computing Higher Computing

Transcript of IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP...

Page 1: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

IP AddressingIP Addressing

Higher ComputingHigher Computing

Page 2: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

TCP/IPTCP/IP

►TCP/IP is the communication protocol TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. for the internet.

►TCP/IP defines the rules computers TCP/IP defines the rules computers must follow to communicate with each must follow to communicate with each other over the internet. other over the internet.

Page 3: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

TCP/IPTCP/IP

► Allows computers on Allows computers on different networks to different networks to communicate with communicate with each other.each other.

► The computers could The computers could be on different LANs be on different LANs in the same building in the same building or on two LANs in or on two LANs in different countries.different countries.

Page 4: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

Browsers and ServersBrowsers and Servers

► Browsers and Browsers and servers use TCP/IP servers use TCP/IP to connect to the to connect to the Internet.Internet.

► A browser uses A browser uses TCP/IP to access a TCP/IP to access a server. server.

► A server uses TCP/IP A server uses TCP/IP to send HTML back to send HTML back to a browser.to a browser.

Page 5: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

TCP/IPTCP/IP

► TCP/IP stands for TCP/IP stands for TTransmission ransmission CControl ontrol PProtocol / rotocol / IInternet nternet PProtocol. rotocol.

► TCP/IP defines how TCP/IP defines how electronic devices (like electronic devices (like computers) should be computers) should be connected to the connected to the Internet, and how data Internet, and how data should be transmitted should be transmitted between them.between them.

Page 6: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

TCP/IPTCP/IP

►TCP is responsible for breaking data TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets, giving each down into IP packets, giving each packet a sequence number and for packet a sequence number and for assembling the packets when they assembling the packets when they arrive.arrive.

► IP is responsible for sending the IP is responsible for sending the packets to the correct destinationpackets to the correct destination..

Page 7: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

IP AddressingIP Addressing

►Each computer must have an IP Each computer must have an IP address before it can connect to the address before it can connect to the Internet.Internet.

►Each IP packet must have an address Each IP packet must have an address before it can be sent to another before it can be sent to another computer.computer.

Page 8: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

Structure of IP addressesStructure of IP addresses

► IP address is a 32-bit number made up IP address is a 32-bit number made up of four parts called of four parts called octetsoctets

►Usually displayed as four decimal Usually displayed as four decimal numbers, e.g.numbers, e.g. 172.63.238.106172.63.238.106

►Each octet must be in the range of 0 to Each octet must be in the range of 0 to 255.255.

►0 and 255 are set aside for special 0 and 255 are set aside for special purposespurposes

Page 9: IP Addressing Higher Computing. TCP/IP TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the internet. TCP/IP.

Possible number of IP addressesPossible number of IP addresses

►An IP address is 32 bits long.An IP address is 32 bits long.►This means that there are 2This means that there are 232 32 possible possible

IP addresses, approx 4.3 billion.IP addresses, approx 4.3 billion.►However…However…

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Public/Private IP addressingPublic/Private IP addressing

Computers on private LANs do not need a Computers on private LANs do not need a public IP addresses, since they do not public IP addresses, since they do not need to be accessed by the public. need to be accessed by the public.

Therefore, certain addresses that will Therefore, certain addresses that will never be registered publicly are reserved. never be registered publicly are reserved. These are known as private IP addresses, These are known as private IP addresses, and are found in the following ranges: and are found in the following ranges:

From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255From 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255From 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 From 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

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Public/Private IP addressingPublic/Private IP addressing

►Devices with private IP addresses Devices with private IP addresses cannot connect directly to the Internetcannot connect directly to the Internet

►Computers outside the network cannot Computers outside the network cannot access devices with a private IP access devices with a private IP address.address.

►Access must be obtained through a Access must be obtained through a router.router.

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Static IP addressingStatic IP addressing

► A static IP address is A static IP address is where the where the computers are given computers are given a fixed IP address a fixed IP address that never changes.that never changes.

► The computer The computer always keeps the always keeps the same address every same address every time it connects to time it connects to the Internet.the Internet.

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Dynamic IP addressingDynamic IP addressing

►There are only a limited number of IP There are only a limited number of IP addresses. ISPs use dynamic IP addresses. ISPs use dynamic IP addressing to get around the problem.addressing to get around the problem.

►A dynamic IP address is when A dynamic IP address is when computers on a network are given an computers on a network are given an IP address when they are connected to IP address when they are connected to the network for that session. It can the network for that session. It can change each time they are connected.change each time they are connected.

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Benefits of Dynamic IP Benefits of Dynamic IP addressingaddressing

► Less security risk- Less security risk- computer is computer is assigned a new IP assigned a new IP address each time address each time you connect to a you connect to a network.network.

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Classes of IP addressesClasses of IP addresses

►There are 4 classes of IP addresses:There are 4 classes of IP addresses: Class AClass A Class BClass B Class CClass C Class DClass D

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Classes of IP addressesClasses of IP addresses

►Different classes of IP addresses are Different classes of IP addresses are achieved by splitting the octets into achieved by splitting the octets into two parts called the two parts called the network network identifier identifier and the and the node identifiernode identifier..

►Network identifier = nNetwork identifier = n►Node identifier = hNode identifier = h

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Classes of IP addressesClasses of IP addresses

►The network identifier is used to route The network identifier is used to route packets to the destination network.packets to the destination network.

►On arrival at the network, the host On arrival at the network, the host identifier is used to route packets to identifier is used to route packets to the individual computer.the individual computer.

nnn.nnn.hhh.hhhnnn.nnn.hhh.hhh

NetworkNetwork NodeNode

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Class AClass A

►Class A addresses are structured as Class A addresses are structured as follows:follows: nnn.hhh.hhh.hhhnnn.hhh.hhh.hhh The first octet will be in the range of 1 to The first octet will be in the range of 1 to

126 and identifies the network126 and identifies the network The remaining three octets will identify The remaining three octets will identify

the nodes on that network.the nodes on that network. This allows for 16, 277, 214 addresses. This allows for 16, 277, 214 addresses.

(2(22424 -2) -2)

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Class BClass B

► Class B addresses are structured as follows:Class B addresses are structured as follows: nnn.nnn.hhh.hhhnnn.nnn.hhh.hhh The first octet will be in the range of 128 The first octet will be in the range of 128

to 191.to 191. The first The first twotwo octets identify the network. octets identify the network. The remaining octets identify the nodes The remaining octets identify the nodes

on that networkon that network This allows for 65,534 addresses. (2This allows for 65,534 addresses. (216 16 – 2)– 2)

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Class CClass C

► Class C addresses:Class C addresses: nnn.nnn.nnn.hhhnnn.nnn.nnn.hhh The first octet is in the range of 192 to The first octet is in the range of 192 to

223 .223 . The first The first threethree octets identify the network. octets identify the network. The last octet identifies the nodes on that The last octet identifies the nodes on that

network.network. This allows for This allows for 254254 different addresses (2 different addresses (28 8

– 2)– 2)

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Class DClass D

►These are not used for networks, but These are not used for networks, but for multicast messaging.for multicast messaging.

►The first octet will be in the range of The first octet will be in the range of 224 to 255.224 to 255.