NCC Digest

8/20/2019 NCC Digest

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(Article 26)

G.R. No. 171365 October 6, 2010Petitioner: ERMELINDA C. MANALOORe!"on#ent!: I$MAEL %ELO$O IIIPonente: LEONARDO&DE CA$RO, '.

FACTS: (i! )*! * "etition +or Reie) on Certior*ri o+ t(e Deci!ion o+ t(eCo-rt A""e*! o+ *n -n*)+- #et*iner c*!e in +*or o+ re!"on#ent. (ec*-!e o+ *ction )*! +or #*/*e! bec*-!e t(e re!"on#ent !-""o!e#!-ere# e/b*rr*!!/ent *n# (-/ii*tion )(en "etitioner! #i!trib-te#co"ie! o+ t(e *boe/entione# MC #eci!ion to t(e (o/eo)ner! o+ or!e!(oe %i*e )(ie re!"on#ent4! *""e* )*! !ti "en#in be+oret(e RC. (*t +ro/ t(e ti/e t(e !*i# #eci!ion )*! #i!trib-te# to !*i#(o/eo)ner!, t(e re!"on#ent bec*/e t(e !-bect o+ coner!*tion ort* o+ t(e to)n *n# b irt-e o+ )(ic(, re*t #*/*e# re!"on#ent4!oo# n*/e )it(in t(e co//-nit (i! re"-t*tion )*! be!/irc(e#!-ere# !ee"e!! ni(t *n# !erio-! *n8iet *n# )*! #e"rie# o+ (i!"oitic* c*reer.Petitioner! re*!on t(*t re!"on#ent (*! no c*-!e o+ *ction **in!tt(e/ !ince t(e MC #eci!ion in t(e -n*)+- #et*iner c*!e )*! "*rt o+ "-bic recor#!. On *""e*, t(e CA #ecree# t(*t *t(o-( co-rt#eci!ion! *re "-bic #oc-/ent!, #i!trib-tion o+ t(e !*/e #-rin t(e"en#enc o+ *n *""e* )*! ce*r inten#e# to c*-!e re!"on#ent!o/e +or/ o+ (*r*!!/ent *n#9or (-/ii*tion !o t(*t re!"on#ent )o-#be o!tr*cie# b (i! nei(bor!.

ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e *ct i/"-te# to "etitioner con!tit-te! *no+ t(o!e en-/er*te# in Art!. 26.

HELD: -e!tion i! )(et(er t(e #i# !o )it( t(e intent o+ (-/ii*tinre!"on#ent *n# #e!troin t(e *tter4! oo# n*/e *n# re"-t*tion int(e co//-nit.

(Article 26)?en*i#* Greorio, "etitioner, . Co-rt o+ A""e*!, $*n!io P(ii""ine!,Inc. *n# E//* '. D*t-in, re!"on#ent! GR No. 17@7@@, $e"te/ber 11,200@

FACTS: Re!"on#ent! E//* '. D*t-in D*t-inB *n# $*n!io P(ii""ine!,Inc. $*n!ioB e# *n *#*it o+ co/"*int +or io*tion o+ .P. . 22o-ncin C(ec! L*)B **in!t "etitioner ?en*i#* R. GreorioGreorioB, * "ro"rietor o+ Ai M*retin. D*t-in *n# $*n!io c*i/e#t(*t Greorio #eiere# in!-cient +-n#e# b*n c(ec! *! "*/ent+or *""i*nce! Ai M*retin bo-(t +ro/ $*n!io. Greorio )*! t(enin#icte# +or t(ree co-nt! o+ io*tion o+ .P. . 22 be+ore t(eMetro"oit*n ri* Co-rt MCB, r*nc( 3, M*ni*. (e MC i!!-e# *)*rr*nt o+ *rre!t *n# !(e )*! !-b!e>-ent *rre!te# b *r/e#o"er*tie! )(ie i!itin (er +*/i (o-!e in F-eon Cit. OnDece/ber 5, 1@@7, Greorio e# be+ore t(e MC * Motion +orDe+er/ent o+ Arr*in/ent *n# Reine!ti*tion. $(e *ee# t(*t !(eco-# not (*e i!!-e# t(e bo-nce# c(ec! *! !(e #i# not (*e *c(ecin *cco-nt )it( t(e b*n on )(ic( t(e c(ec! )ere #r*)n. (i!)*! certie# b t(e /*n*er o+ t(e !*i# b*n. Greorio *!o *ee#t(*t t(e !in*t-re on t(e bo-nce# c(ec! )ere r*#ic* *n# "*tent#ierent +ro/ (er o)n !in*t-re. (e MC r*nte# t(e /otion, *n# *reine!ti*tion )*! con#-cte#. $-b!e>-ent, t(e MC or#ere# t(e.P. . 22 c*!e! #i!/i!!e#. On A--!t 1, 2000, Greorio e# *co/"*int +or #*/*e! **in!t $*n!io *n# D*t-in be+ore t(e Reion* ri* Co-rt RCB, r*nc( 12, Li*o, Ab*. P*rt o+ (er co/"*int )*!t(*t *! * re!-t o+ (er )ron+- *rre!t *n# *rr*in/ent, !(e !-ere#(e"e!!ne!!, (-ner *n# (-/ii*tion *n# bein #i!tr*-(t. D*t-in*n# $*n!io /e*n)(ie e# * Motion to Di!/i!! on ro-n#! t(*tGreorioH! co/"*int *ro!e +ro/ ro-n#! o+ co/"en!*tion *ri!in +ro//*icio-! "ro!ec-tion. On October 10, 2000, t(e RC #enie# t(i!Motion to Di!/i!!. $*n!io *n# D*t-in t(en e# * Motion +orRecon!i#er*tion b-t )*! **in #enie# in '*n-*r 5, 2001. (e )entto t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*! *ein r*e *b-!e o+ #i!cretion on t(e "*rto+ t(e "re!i#in -#e o+ t(e RC in #enin t(eir /otion! to #i!/i!!*n# +or recon!i#er*tion. On '*n-*r 31, 2007, t(e CA ren#ere# *Deci!ion r*ntin t(e "etition *n# or#erin GreorioH! #*/*e !-it tobe #i!/i!!e#.

ISSUE: Are $*n!io *n# D*t-in i*be +or #*/*e! to Greorio


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HELD: -itte#o+ t(e cri/e o+ (o/ici#e on 25 October 1@77. (e re!"on#ent '-#eor#ere# t(e #i!/i!!* o+ Cii C*!e No. 511, *ctin -"on t(e /otion!o+ t(e re!"on#ent!, to #i!/i!! t(e c*!e on t(e ro-n# t(*t t(e

"etitioner! (*e no *i# c*-!e o+ *ction **in!t t(e/ ien t(*t t(e#rier o+ t(e b-! )*! *c>-itte# in t(e cri/in* *ction *n# o+ t(e"etitioner!, o""o!in )it( t(e *r-/ent t(*t c*-!e o+ *ction i! notb*!e# on cri/e, b-t on >-*!ieict. (ere*+ter, t(e "etitioner!H /oeto recon!i#er )*! #enie# b t(e re!"on#ent '-#e on 30 M* 1@7@. (e "etitioner! "re!ente# t(e "etition o+ certior*ri, to *nn- *n# !et*!i#e t(e or#er o+ re!"on#ent '-#e. (e re!"on#ent! e# t(eirco//ent! *+ter)*r#!.ISSUE: ;(et(er or not to con!i#er t(e "etition o+ certior*ri intro#-ce#b t(e "etitioner!.

HELD: (e co-rt ren#ere# t(e or#er o+ #i!/i!!* b re!"on#ent '-#e!et *!i#e, )it( t(e o)er co-rt to "-r!-e "rocee#in! o+ Cii C*!e No.511. It )*! #eci#e# t(*t re!"on#ent '-#e *cte# )it( *b-!e o+ #i!cretion */o-ntin to *c o+ -ri!#iction in #i!/i!!in Cii C*!eNo. 511. o -n#erine t(e "roi!ion! o+ Artice 31 o+ t(e Cii Co#e o+ t(e P(ii""ine! *n# in re+erence to t(e c*!e Ec*no !. i GR. No. L&203B, t(e co-rt (e# t(*t t(e e8tinction o+ cii i*biit re+erre# to in"*r. eB, $ection 3, R-e III, re+er! e8c-!ie to cii i*biit +o-n#e#on Artice 100 o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e, )(ere*! t(e cii i*biit +ort(e !*/e *ct con!i#ere# *! * >-*!ieict on or +ro/ ot(er !o-rceB*n# not *! * cri/e i! not e8tin-i!(e# een b * #ec*r*tion in t(ecri/in* c*!e t(*t t(e cri/in* *ct c(*re# (*! not (*""ene# or (*!not been co//itte# b t(e *cc-!e#. (e co-rt *!o conr/e# t(*t *e!!enti* +*ctor! +or t(e c*-!e o+ *ction *! >-*!ieict, *re "re!ent,i.e. no "re&e8i!tin contr*ct bet)een t(e t)o "*rtie!. (e*boe/entione# r*tion*e )*! t(en *""ie# to t(i! c*!e. (e"etitioner!4 c*-!e o+ *ction bein b*!e# on * >-*!ieict, t(e

*c>-itt* o+ t(e #rier, "ri*te re!"on#ent Ro/eo %i* < C-n*n*n, o+ t(e cri/e c(*re# in Cri/in* C*!e No. 36, i! not * b*r to t(e"ro!ec-tion o+ Cii C*!e No. 511 +or #*/*e! b*!e# on >-*!i&#eict.H ence, *o)in t(e cii *ction to contin-e, re*r#e!! o+ t(ere!-t o+ t(e cri/in* "rocee#in.(Article 28)

C*!e Die!tPILIP $.


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"*inti o+ t(e *tter4! oo#!, *"ert*in to t(e/ t(*t t(ere i! no "riito+ contr*ct bet)een t(e "*inti *n# t(e #e+en#*nt t(*t t(econtroer! in t(i! c*!e *ro!e +ro/ * bre*c( o+ contr*ct b t(e N r*#in o+ Ger/*n, +or (*in !(i""e# oo#! it (*# "-rc(*!e# +ro/ (e o-!e o+ M*+*ir to t(e P(ii""ine!: t(*t t(e o-!e o+ M*+*ir)*! #e/*n#in "*/ent o+ ,500.00 +ro/ t(e N r*#in +orre!tit-tion o+ "*inti4! *ee# o!! on *cco-nt o+ t(e !(i"/ent o+ t(eoo#! in >-e!tion (ere in t(e P(ii""ine! *n# no) in t(e "o!!e!!ion o+ t(e #e+en#*nt it *""e*r! to t(e Co-rt t(*t to re!tr*in t(e #e+en#*nt+ro/ !ein t(e oo#! it (*! or#ere# +ro/ t(e N r*#in o+ Ger/*n, )o-# be )it(o-t e* -!tic*tion. *in t(e i!!-*nce o+ )rit o+ in-nction #enie#, "etitionerH! "e* )*! bro-(t to t(e in o+ * "etition +or reie) on certior*ri )it( t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*!. -t*ccor#in to t(e *""e*te co-rt, "etitioner )*! not *be to#e/on!tr*te t(e -ne>-ioc* ri(t )(ic( (e !o-(t to "rotect *n#t(*t "ri*te re!"on#ent i! * co/"ete !tr*ner i!&*&i! t(e coen*ntbet)een "etitioner *n# M*+*ir. A"*rt +ro/ t(e!e con!i#er*tion!, t(e

reie)in *-t(orit note# t(*t "etitioner co-# be +- co/"en!*te#+or t(e "re-#ice (e !-ere#. -t t(e "etitioner *nc(or! (i! "e* +orre#re!! on (i! ie) t(*t "ri*te re!"on#ent (*! #i!trib-te# *n#contin-e! to !e M*+*ir coerin "ro#-ct! in contr*ention o+ "etitioner4! e8c-!ie ri(t r*nte# b t(e coen*nt )it( t(e o-!e o+ M*+*ir. e/"or*r re!tr*inin or#er )*! i!!-e# to *!t -nti +-rt(ernotice +ro/ t(i! Co-rt #irecte# **in!t "ri*te re!"on#ent.Not)it(!t*n#in !-c(, "ri*te re!"on#ent "er!i!te# in t(e #i!trib-tion)(ic( triere# "etitioner4! /otion to cite "ri*te re!"on#ent4!/*n*er in conte/"t o+ co-rt.

ISSUE:;(et(er t(e *""e*te co-rt correct *ree )it( t(e o)er co-rt in#i!*o)in t(e )rit !oicite# b (erein "etitioner #-e to re*!on t(*t"etitioner )*! not *be to #e/on!tr*te t(e -ne>-ioc* ri(t )(ic( (e!o-(t to "rotect *n# t(*t "ri*te re!"on#ent i! * co/"ete !tr*neror i! it -n+*ir co/"etition t(*t *e ri!e to !-c( )(ic( !(o-# be!tre!!e# -"on !o *! to i!!-e )rit o+ in-nctionB.

HELD: (e circ-/!t*nce )(ic( re!"on#ent co-rt oerooe# )*! "etitioner4!!-e!tion, )(ic( )*! not #i!"-te# b (erein "ri*te re!"on#ent in it!co//ent, t(*t t(e o-!e o+ M*+*ir in En*n# )*! #-"e# intobeiein t(*t t(e oo#! or#ere# t(ro-( t(e N r*#in )ere to be!(i""e# to Nieri* on, b-t t(e oo#! )ere *ct-* !ent to *n# !o#in t(e P(ii""ine!. A "o o+ t(i! c(*r*cter i! *in to t(e !cen*rio o+ *t(ir# "er!on )(o in#-ce! * "*rt to renee on or io*te (i!-n#ert*in -n#er * contr*ct, t(ereb entitin t(e ot(er contr*ctin

"*rt to reie+ t(ere+ro/. (e bre*c( c*-!e# b "ri*te re!"on#ent)*! een *r**te# b t(e con!e>-ent #ier!ion o+ tr*#e +ro/ t(eb-!ine!! o+ "etitioner to t(*t o+ "ri*te re!"on#ent c*-!e# b t(e*tter4! !"ecie! o+ -n+*ir co/"etition *! #e/on!tr*te# no e!! b t(e!*e! eecte# in!"ite o+ t(i! Co-rt4! re!tr*inin or#er. (i! bro-(t t(eirre"*r*be /i!c(ie+ )(ic( re!"on#ent co-rt oerooe# )(en itre+-!e# to r*nt t(e reie+ !i/" bec*-!e o+ t(e ob!er*tion t(*t"etitioner c*n be +- co/"en!*te# +or t(e #*/*e. ;it( t(i!, $Ci!!-e# t(e )rit o+ "rei/in*r in-nction.

(Article 27)

?--et* ! Nico*! G.R. No. L&252 '*n-*r 31, 1@5

Facts: P*inti in!tit-te# t(e "re!ent *ction on M* 1@, 1@5 **in!tt(e #e+en#*nt to recoer /or* "ec-ni*r #*/*e! in t(e !-/ o+

P10,000 +ro/ t(e co/"*int +or ibe e# b "*inti **in!t t(e"roinci* oernor o+ Ri* *n# t(e !t* /e/ber! o+ t(e P(ii""ineree Pre!!. (e #e+en#*nt !c* *+ter con#-ctin *n ine!ti*tionren#ere# *n o"inion t(*t t(ere )*! no prima facie c*!e, t(*t t(e*ee# ibeo-! !t*te/ent! )ere /*#e in oo# +*it(. A! *con!e>-ence t(e !c* *b!oe# t(e !*i# oernor *n# t(e ree Pre!!!t* +ro/ cri/e o+ ibe.Issue: ;(et(er t(e "*intiH! co/"*int !t*te! * c*-!e o+ *ction

Held: (e $-"re/e Co-rt (e# t(*t t(e re+-!* o+ t(e !c* to"ro!ec-te )(en *+ter t(e ine!ti*tion (e n#! no !-cient ei#enceto e!t*bi!( * "ri/* +*cie c*!e i! not * re+-!*, without just cause, to"er+or/ *n oci* #-t. A! * ener* r-e, * "-bic "ro!ec-tor, bein *>-*!i&-#ici* ocer e/"o)ere# to e8erci!e #i!cretion or -#/ent, i!not "er!on* i*be +or re!-tin in-rie! )(en *ctin )it(in t(e !co"eo+ (i! *-t(orit, *n# in t(e ine o+ (i! oci* #-t.

(Article )


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#oc-/ent. Nineteen e*r! *ter, on M* 2, 1@@0, P*r*! !o# t(e !*/e"ro"ert to $*nti*o $**&*n +or P5,000.00. (i! )*! ei#ence# b *not*rie# Dee# o+ Ab!o-te $*e. ;(en -ent, t(ere!"on#ent !o-(t +or t(e "*/ent o+ co/"ete# "roect. o)eer,t(e Di!trict A-#itor o+ Co//i!!ion on A-#it COAB #i!*""roe# t(eree*!e o+ t(e "*rtic-*r +-n#! on t(e ro-n# t(*t t(e contr*ctorH!icen!e o+ t(e re!"on#ent (*! e8"ire# *t t(e ti/e t(e contr*ct )*!e8ec-te#Qt(e DP; b*!e# t(eir #eci!ion to #e+er t(e !*/e.

ISSUES:;(et(er t(e contr*ctor re!"on#entB )(o entere# into Contr*ct

Aree/ent be #enie# o+ t(e "*/ent (e i! bein !o-(t +or t(eco/"ete# "roect or be "*i# o+ t(e !*/e *t(o-( it! icen!e (*!e8"ire# *t t(e ti/e o+ t(e e8ec-tion o+ it! contr*ct.

HELD:Dierent e* b*!e! (*e been cite# to !-""ort t(e #eci!ion

+or t(i! *r-/ent. Nonet(ee!!, t(e co-rt r-e# t(*t t(e "etitioner i!co/"ee# to "* t(e re!"on#ent +or t(e co/"ete# "roect. =n#erArtice 22: “Every person who through an act of performance by another, or any other means, acquires or comes into possession of something at the expense of the latter without just or legal ground,shall return the same to him.” It e8"icit !-e!t! t(*t t(e i!!-*nceo+ t(e Certic*te o+ in* In!"ection *n# in* Acce"t*nce b t(e Oceo+ t(e Di!trict Enineer to t(e re!"on#ent, t(e oern/ent *r-*b*ine# +ro/ t(e !*i# Contr*ct Aree/ent. A!o, t(e *r-/ent o+ t(e"etitioner #i# not !-ce (i! c*i/ t(*t t(e re!"on#ent !(o-# notr*nt (i/ t(e "*/ent on t(e ro-n# t(*t (e !ec-re! e8"ire#contr*ctH! icen!e in io*tion o+ t(e *). It i! tr-e t(*t t(e contr*ctor

re!"on#entB io*te! t(e *). $ection 35 o+ R.A. No. 566, it e8"icit"roi#e!:E!. "#. $enalties. %ny contractor who, for a price, commission, fee or wage, submits or attempts to submit a bid to construct, or contractsto or underta&es to construct, or assumes change in a supervisory capacity of a construction wor& within the purview of this %ct, without 'rst securing a license to engage in the business of contracting in thiscountry( or who shall present or 'le the license certi'cate of another,give false evidence of any &ind to the )oard, or any member thereof in obtaining a certi'cate or license, impersonate another, or use an


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expired or revo&ed certi'cate or license, shall be deemed guilty of misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to pay a 'neof not less than 've hundred pesos but not more than 've thousand pesos *Emphasis supplied+

*!e# on $ection 35 o+ R.A. No. 566 t(e contr*ctorre!"on#entB i! !-bect to "en*tie! io*tin t(e !*/e, b-t it #oe! not/e*n t(*t t(e re!"on#ent )o-# #e"rie (i/ o+ t(e "*/ent #-e (i/. (e Contr*ct Aree/ent bet)een t(e "etitioner *n# re!"on#ent +-!*ti!e# bot( o+ t(e/ in ter/! o+ *cce"t*nce on t(e "*rt o+ t(e+or/er *n# ren#ition o+ t(e "*rtic-*r !erice o+ t(e *tter.

(Article 26)e!"le !# t$e $ili""i%es &s' Isaur! Sa%tia!' *' +!' L,17663-a. 3/0 162Facts: (e c*!e re*te! to t(e e8"o!-re o+ Ar!enio . L*c!on, t(en M*or o+ t(e Cit o+ M*ni*, to "-bic (*tre# *n# ri#ic-e b one I!*-ro$*nti*o, in t(e co-r!e o+ * "oitic* !"eec( in F-i*"o, M*ni* on t(e5t( o+ October 1@5@. De+en#*nt, t(ro-( *n */"ier !!te/ *n# int(e "re!ence o+ * cro)# o+ *ro-n# * (-n#re# "er!on! c*e# o-tJ %rsenio ayop -acson, pina&awalang hiyang %l&alde, ayor -acsonraped a woman at the %roma !afe and another !ity all employee inhellborne otel in )(ic( t(e "*inti e# *n in+or/*tion +or ibe**in!t t(e #e+en#*nt on A--!t 11, 1@60. De+en#*nt, t(ro-( (i!Motion to F-*!( In+or/*tion, c*i/e# t(*t t(e c(*re i! not ibe, b-tor* #e+*/*tion, *n# t(e in o+ in+or/*tion o+ t(e *tter (*! *re*#"re!cribe#.

Issue: ;(et(er or not t(e cri/e c(*re# in t(e in+or/*tion i! or*#e+*/*tion, -n#er Artice 35 o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e, or ibe,-n#er Artice 355, in re*tion to Artice 353, o+ t(e !*/e Co#e.Held: (e $-"re/e Co-rt, En *nc, (e# t(*t t(e +*ct! *ee# in t(e

in+or/*tion con!tit-te t(e cri/e o+ or* #e+*/*tion, -n#er Artice 35o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e. (e ro-n#! b )(ic( t(e in+or/*tion +oribe )*! e# i! t(e erroneo-! co/"*ri!on o+ t(e /e#i* r*#io *n#*/"ier !!te/. Accor#in to $-//it ote Co. !. N*tion*ro*#c*!tin Co. PA&12 A.L.R. @63B, “the rules governing sucho/ense were declared inapplicable to extemporaneous remar&s of scurrilous nature, made ad libitum in the course of a radio broadcast by a person hired to read a prepared text, but not appearingthereon.” (e !t*te/ent!, )(ic( )ere (e*r# t(ro-( *n */"ier

!!te/, t(o-( #e+*/*tor, *re e8te/"or*neo-! !-c( t(*t no/*n-!cri"t or "re"*re# te8t )*! re*#.(Article 2)

12@ $CRA 55, 565&566 M* 31, 1@BPetitioner!: RO< PADILLA, ILOMENO GALDONE$, I$MAEL GON?ALGO*n# 'O$E ARLE< EDENIARe!"on#ent: CO=R O APPEAL$Ponente: G=IERRE?, 'R., '.

FACTS: (e Co-rt o+ A""e*! reer!e# t(e tri* co-rt4! -#/ent o+ coniction*n# *c>-itte# t(e "etitioner! o+ t(e cri/e o+ r*e coercion on t(ero-n# o+ re*!on*be #o-bt b-t in!"ite o+ t(e *c>-itt* or#ere# t(e/to "* oint *n# !eer* t(e */o-nt o+ P@,000.00 to t(eco/"*in*nt! *! *ct-* #*/*e!. (e "etitioner! e# * /otion +or recon!i#er*tion conten#in t(*t t(e

*c>-itt* o+ t(e #e+en#*nt!&*""e*nt! *! to cri/in* i*biit re!-t! int(e e8tinction o+ t(eir cii i*biit. (e Co-rt o+ A""e*! #enie# t(e/otion.

ISSUE:;(et(er or not t(e re!"on#ent co-rt co//itte# * reer!ibe error inre>-irin t(e "etitioner! to "* cii in#e/nit to t(e co/"*in*nt!*+ter *c>-ittin t(e/ +ro/ t(e cri/in* c(*re.

HELD:No. (e e8tinction o+ t(e cii *ction b re*!on o+ *c>-itt* in t(ecri/in* c*!e re+er! e8c-!ie to cii i*biit e8 #eicto +o-n#e# onArtice 100 o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e. In ot(er )or#!, t(e cii i*biit)(ic( i! *!o e8tin-i!(e# -"on *c>-itt* o+ t(e *cc-!e# i! t(e ciii*biit *ri!in +ro/ t(e *ct *! * cri/e.

(e -#/ent o+ *c>-itt* e8tin-i!(e! t(e i*biit o+ t(e *cc-!e# +or#*/*e! on )(en it inc-#e! * #ec*r*tion t(*t t(e +*ct! +ro/ )(ic(t(e cii /i(t *ri!e #i# not e8i!t. (-!, t(e cii i*biit i! not

e8tin-i!(e# b *c>-itt* )(ere t(e *c>-itt* i! b*!e# on re*!on*be#o-bt *! on "re"on#er*nce o+ ei#ence i! re>-ire# in cii c*!e!)(ere t(e co-rt e8"re!! #ec*re! t(*t t(e i*biit o+ t(e *cc-!e# i!not cri/in* b-t on cii in n*t-re.


6/21

(Article 28)

Calaa -edical Ce%ter0 I+C' ! +ati!%al La!r *elati!%sC!issi!%0 *!%ald! La%4a%as a%d -ercedit$a La%4a%asG.R. No. 176 Noe/ber 25, 200

Facts: Dr. Ron*#o *n# Merce#it(* L*n*n*! *re bot( +or/ere/"oee! o+ C**/b* Me#ic* Center INC. Circ-/!t*nce! e# to t(eter/in*tion o+ t(eir e/"o/ent (o!"it*. It )*! *!o +o-n# t(*t *)*tc(i!t or )*tc( o-t i!t cont*inin t(e n*/e! o+ t(e co-"e )*! incirc-*tion */on t(e oc* (o!"it*!, *n# )*! *ee# #i!trib-te# b* !toc(o#er o+ t(e "etitioner.

(e co-"e e# co/"*int! +or ie* #i!/i!!* be+ore t(e N*tion*L*bor Re*tion! Co//i!!ion NLRCB S Reion* Arbitr*tion o*r# )(ic()ere con!oi#*te# *n# #ocete# *! NLRC CA$E NO. RA&I%&3&@7@&@&L.

(e NLRC, on *""e*, *)*r#e# +- b*c)*e!, !e"*r*tion "*, 500,000 "e!o! in /or* #*/*e! e*c(, e8e/"*r #*/*e! o+ 250,000"e!o! e*c(, *n# 10T o+ t(e tot* *)*r# +or *ttorne! +ee! to t(e#octor! on M* 3, 2002.

(e c*!e )*! bro-(t to t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*! on certiorari *n# on '-ne 30, 200, t(e *""e*te co-rt rein!t*te# t(e NLRC #eci!ion,(o)eer t(e *)*r# to e*c( o+ t(e !"o-!e! no oner inc-#e# t(e*ttorne +ee! *n# t(e /or* *n# e8e/"*r #*/*e! )ere te/"ere#to 100,000 "e!o! *n# 50,000 "e!o!.

Issue: C*n t(e re!"on#ent!, Doctor Ron*#o *n# Merce#it(*L*n*n*!, c*i/ /ore in #*/*e! +or t(e *ction! **in!t t(e/

Held: (e #i!trib-tion o+ t(e )*tc(i!t con!tit-te! *! *n -n+*ir *bor"r*ctice, #-e to it! intent to "reent +-rt(er *in+- e/"o/ent o+ t(o!e i!te#. A! !-c(, Dr. Ron*#o *n# Merce#it(* L*n*n*! (*e *ri(t to *ction +or #*/*e! b C**/b* Me#ic* Center, INC.

On Noe/ber 25, 200, t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*! rein!t*te# t(e 10T o+ t(e tot* -#e/ent *)*r# *! *ttorne +ee! *! *ction +or #*/*e! o+ -n+*ir *bor "r*ctice! b C**/b* Me#ic* Center, INC.

(Article 31)

G U $ r*n!"ort Cor"or*tion, "etitioner !. eir! o+ 'o!e M*rci* K.Oc(o* n*/e R-b . Oc(o*, Mic*e* . Oc(o* *n# 'o/*r . Oc(o*,re!"on#ent!G.R. No. 170125 M*rc( @, 2011B

FACTS: 'o!e M*rci* K. Oc(o*, (-!b*n# o+ re!"on#ent R-b . Oc(o*,

#ie# on t(e ni(t o+ M*rc( 10, 1@@5 )(ie on bo*r# *n Ai! t*8ic*bo)ne# *n# o"er*te# b G U $ r*n!"ort Cor"or*tion, "etitioner&

co//on c*rrier. R-b Oc(o* *n# (er c(i#ren, Mic*e* *n# 'o/*r,t(ro-( co-n!e, e# * co/"*int **in!t G U $ +or #*/*e! be+oret(e Reion* ri* Co-rt RCB o+ P*!i Cit )(ic( )*! r*Ve# to r*nc(16 o+ !*i# co-rt.

On Dece/ber 27, 2001, t(e tri* co-rt ren#ere# * Deci!ionn#in t(e e(ic-*r /i!(*" c*-!e# b t(e neience o+ ibi*noP*#i*, t(e #rier. It ie)i!e +o-n# t(e ei#ence *##-ce# b G U $ to!(o) t(*t it e8erci!e# t(e #iience o+ * oo# +*t(er o+ * +*/i in t(e!eection *n# !-"eri!ion o+ it! e/"oee! *! in!-cient. ence, t(etri* co-rt #ec*re# G U $ cii i*be to t(e (eir!. o)eer, +or *co+ recei"t! or *n "roo+ o+ +-ner* e8"en!e! *n# ot(er *ct-*#*/*e!, t(e tri* co-rt #enie# t(e (eir!H c*i/ +or *ct-* #*/*e!,/or* *n# e8e/"*r #*/*e! +or *c o+ e* b*!i!.

G U $ e# * Notice o+ A""e* )(ie t(e (eir! e# * Motion +orP*rti* Recon!i#er*tion. A+ter G U $ e# it! O""o!ition o P*inti!HMotion +or P*rti* Recon!i#er*tionB, t(e tri* co-rt +*ore# t(e (eir!HMotion +or P*rti* Recon!i#er*tion *n# t(-! #ec*re# t(e/ entite# to/or* *n# e8e/"*r #*/*e!.

P*#i* )*! conicte# o+ rece!! i/"r-#ence re!-tin to

(o/ici#e in *n MC Deci!ion b-t )*! *ter on *c>-itte# in t(e RCDeci!ion.

e+ore t(e CA, G U $ contin-e# to in!i!t t(*t it e8erci!e# t(e#iience o+ * oo# +*t(er o+ t(e +*/i in t(e !eection *n#!-"eri!ion o+ it! e/"oee!. G U $ *!o *r-e# t(*t t(e "ro8i/*tec*-!e o+ 'o!e M*rci*H! #e*t( i! * +ort-ito-! eent *n#9or t(e +*-t orneience o+ *not(er *n# not o+ it! e/"oee.

On t(e ot(er (*n#, t(e (eir! /*int*ine# t(*t P*#i* )*!ro!! neient in #riin t(e Ai! t*8ic*b on t(e ni(t o+ M*rc( 10,


7/21

1@@5. In * Deci!ion #*te# '-ne 2@, 2005, t(e CA r-e# in +*or o+ t(e(eir!.

;it( re!"ect to t(e *)*r# o+ P6,537,2.@6 +or 'o!e M*rci*H!o!! o+ e*rnin c*"*cit, t(e CA #ec*re# t(e !*/e -n)*rr*nte#. It+o-n# t(e Certic*tion i!!-e# b 'o!e M*rci*H! e/"oer *! !e+&!erin, -nrei*be, *n# bi*!e#. Anent /or* #*/*e!, t(e CA re#-ce#it to P200,000.00 *! to /*e it "ro"ortion*te to t(e *)*r# o+ e8e/"*r #*/*e! )(ic( i! P50,000.00. CA #enie# bot( "*rtie!Hre!"ectie /otion! +or recon!i#er*tion.

ence, G U $ *n# t(e (eir! e# t(eir re!"ectie Petition! +orReie) on Certior*ri be+ore t(e $-"re/e Co-rt. (e (eir!H "etition )*!#ocete# *! G.R. No. 170071 *n# t(*t o+ G U $ *! G.R. No. 170125. (e!e "etition! )ere *ter con!oi#*te# "-r!-*nt to t(i! Co-rtH!Re!o-tion o+ Noe/ber 21, 2005.

One o+ t(e ro-n#! in t(e "etition o+ G U $ i! t(*t CA r*eerre# in not t*in note o+ t(e +*ct t(*t t(e "etitionerH! e/"oee (*#been *c>-itte# o+ t(e cri/e o+ rece!! i/"r-#ence re!-tin inB

(o/ici#e.

Issue: Di# t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*! /*#e *n error b not t*in note o+ t(e +*ct t(*t P*#i*, *n e/"oee o+ t(e "etitioner, (*! been*c>-itte# o+ t(e cri/e o+ rece!! i/"r-#ence re!-tin in (o/ici#e

Held: NO. Accor#in to Artice 31 o+ t(e Cii Co#e o+ t(e P(ii""ine!,J;(en t(e cii *ction i! b*!e# on *n obi*tion not *ri!in +ro/ t(e*ct or o/i!!ion co/"*ine# o+ *! * +eon, !-c( cii *ction /*"rocee# in#e"en#ent o+ t(e cri/in* "rocee#in! *n# re*r#e!! o+ t(e re!-t o+ t(e *tter.

(e $-"re/e Co-rt #eci#e# t(*t Jin t(i! c*!e, t(e *ction e# b t(e(eir! i! "ri/*ri +or t(e recoer o+ #*/*e! *ri!in +ro/ bre*c( o+ contr*ct o+ c*rri*e *ee# co//itte# b G U $. (e Co-rt +-rt(er!*i# t(*t JA! * co//on c*rrier, G U $ i! bo-n# to c*rr W'o!e M*rci*X!*+e *! +*r *! (-/*n c*re *n# +ore!i(t c*n "roi#e, -!in t(e-t/o!t #iience o+ er c*-tio-! "er!on!, )it( #-e re*r# +or * t(ecirc-/!t*nce!H. o)eer, 'o!e M*rci* #i# not re*c( (i! #e!tin*tion

#-e to t(e *cci#ent *n# G U $ +*ie# to "roe t(*t it e8erci!e##iience, t(ereb /*in it i*be to t(e (eir! o+ 'o!e M*rci* +orbre*c( o+ contr*ct o+ c*rri*e. Ce*r, it i! *n in#e"en#ent cii *ction*ri!in +ro/ contr*ct )(ic( i! !e"*r*te *n# #i!tinct +ro/ t(e cri/in**ction +or rece!! i/"r-#ence re!-tin in (o/ici#e e# b t(e (eir!**in!t P*#i* b re*!on o+ t(e !*/e inci#ent. ence, re*r#e!! o+ P*#i*H! *c>-itt* or coniction in !*i# cri/in* c*!e, !*/e (*! nobe*rin in t(e re!o-tion o+ t(e "re!ent c*!e. (ere )*! t(ere+ore noerror on t(e "*rt o+ t(e CA )(en it re!oe# t(i! c*!e )it(o-t re*r#to t(e +*ct t(*t P*#i* (*! *re*# been *c>-itte# b t(e RC in t(e

cri/in* c*!e. Moreoer, )(ie t(e CA >-ote# !o/e "ortion! o+ t(eMC Deci!ion in !*i# cri/in* c*!e, )e (o)eer n# t(*t t(o!e >-ote#"ortion! )ere on /e*nt to beie G U $H c*i/ t(*t t(e "ro8i/*tec*-!e o+ t(e *cci#ent )*! t(e neience o+ t(e #rier o+ t(e #eier*n )(ic( *ee# (it t(e Ai! t*8ic*b. Een )it(o-t t(o!e >-ote#"ortion!, t(e *""e*te co-rtH! -ti/*te n#in t(*t it )*! P*#i*H!neience )(ic( )*! t(e "ro8i/*te c*-!e o+ t(e /i!(*" )o-# !tibe t(e !*/e. (i! i! bec*-!e t(e CA (*!, in +*ct, *re*# /*#e t(i!#ec*r*tion in t(e e*rier "*rt o+ it! *!!*ie# Deci!ion. (e +*ct t(*tt(e MC Deci!ion +ro/ )(ic( t(e !-bect >-ote# "ortion! )ere i+te#(*! *re*# been reer!e# b t(e RC i! t(ere+ore i//*teri*.

(Article 2/)

$onn Ro/ero < Do/in-e %$ Peo"e o+ t(e P(ii""ine!, I!*beP*#-*, Rein* rei!, Miner* Monte! *n# O+ei* e*n#o rei!G.R. No. 16756Pro/-*te#: '- 7, 200@

FACTS: On A"ri 1, 1@@@ * 'C Liner b-! #rien b t(e "etition, $onnRo/ero, *n# *n A"eo t*8i #rien b 'i// P*#-* -re# in * (e*#on coi!ion t(*t re!-te# in t(e #e*t( o+ Ger*r#o rei! $r., Arn*#orei!, Ger*r#o rei! 'r., Rene Monte!, Er)in rei! *n# 'i// P*#-*. (e inci#ent *!o in-re# E#)in *n# E#/-n# rei!. Petition )*!c(*re# )it( t(e cri/e o+ rece!! i/"r-#ence re!-tin in /-ti"e(o/ici#e *n# /-ti"e !erio-! "(!ic* in-rie! )it( #*/*e to"ro"ert in t(e C*/*rine! $-r MC. (e tri* *c>-itte# t(e "etitioneron Noe/ber @, 2000 o+ t(e cri/e! c(*re# b-t )*! (e# cii i*be*n# )*! or#ere# to "* t(e (eir! o+ t(e icti/! t(e */o-nt o+

P3,51,@00 +or *ct-* #*/*e!, cii in#e/nit +or #e*t(, /or*#*/*e!, te/"er*te #*/*e! *n# o!! o+ e*rnin c*"*cit. Petitioner*""e*e# to bot( t(e RC *n# CA *n# *r-e# t(*t t(e MC /*#e */i!t*e in /*in (i/ cii i*be. ot( t(e RC *n# CA *r/e# t(eMC #eci!ion.

ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e "etitioner c*n be (e# cii i*be +or #*/*e!#-e to neience.


8/21

HELD: (e co-rt *r/e# t(e MC #eci!ion. At(o-( t(e ei#ence+*ie# to "roe beon# re*!on*be #o-bt t(e neience o+ t(e"etitioner, t(-! *b!oin (i/ o+ cri/in* i*biit, "re"on#er*ntei#ence i! eno-( to (o# (i/ cii i*be +or #*/*e!.

(Article )

%e*o !. $(e Co/"*n o+ t(e P(ii""ine I!*n#!, Lt#.G.R. No. L&717, 31 October 1@56Ponente: '-!tice ei8

FACTS: (e Co//erci* Air Line!, Inc. *..*. CALI *n# * cor"or*tion #-eni!te# in t(e P(ii""ine! )*! "reio-! en*e# in t(e *ir tr*n!"ortb-!ine!!. (e $(e Co/"*n o+ t(e P(ii""ine I!*n#!, Li/ite##e+en#*ntB, * cor"or*tion eni!te# in En*n#, )*! *-t(orie# to #ob-!ine!! in t(e co-ntr. (e #e+en#*nt !-""ie# t(e +-e nee#! o+ CALI. On 6 A--!t 1@, CALI !et * /eetin to in+or/ * it! cre#itor! t(*t

t(e co/"*n )*! in r*e #ebt t(e o"er*tion )o-# be (*te#. Mr.De!/on# iter*# re"re!ente# t(e $(e Co/"*n o+ P.I., Lt#. in t(e/eetin. CALI o)e# t(e #e+en#*nt P152,61.6.

D-rin t(e /eetin, CALI4! bo*r# o+ #irector! r*i!e# t(e "ro"o!* to!e CALIH! *!!et! to P(ii""ine Air Line! PALB. (e cor"or*tionH!b**nce !(eet )*! *!o "re!ente# to t(e *!!e/be# "*rtie! "*rt o+ it)*! * C&5 "*ne in t(e =nite# $t*te!.

(e cre#itor! *ree# to (*e * )orin ro-" co/"o!e# o+ t(ree"*rtie! to co/e -" )it( *n *ree/ent to #i!trib-te t(e *!!et!, *n#t(*t * re"re!ent*tie /-!t be *""ointe# *n# t(*t * cre#itor! !(o-#re+r*in +ro/ c*i/in t(eir *!!et!, *n# *""e*rin be+ore *n in!oencco-rt -ne!! no *ree/ent )*! /et. Mr. iter*# )*! *""ointe#re"re!ent*tie.

On @ A--!t 1@, t(e )orin co//itteeH! r!t /eetin too "*ce. (e /e/ber! trie# to *ree on t(e e>-* #i!trib-tion o+ *!!et!. At t(e!*/e ti/e, t(e #e+en#*nt *!!ine# it! cre#it **in!t CALI to $(e OiCo/"*n, Inc., *n A/eric*n ent-re, +or Y7@,0.00. On 10 A--!t1@, t(e */o-nt )*! r*i!e# to Y5,01.2@.

On 12 A--!t 1@, $(e Oi Co/"*n, Inc. e# * +or/* co/"*int**in!t CALI be+ore t(e $-"erior Co-rt o+ C*i+orni*, +or t(e coectiono+ !*i# cre#it. A )rit o+ *tt*c(/ent )*! *!o *""ie# +or *n# i!!-e#**in!t t(e C&5 "*ne. (e )rit /e*nt t(*t $(e Oi Co/"*n, Inc.

*one )o-# benet +ro/ !ein t(e "*ne.

(e !toc(o#er! o+ CALI, -n*)*re o+ t(e !ette/ent bet)een t(e t)oco/"*nie!, #eci#e# to #i!c-!! t(e !*e o+ CALI4! "ro"ertie! to PAL. On7 October 1@, CALI e*rne# *bo-t t(e #e+en#*ntH! /oe t(-!, e#* "etition +or in!oenc.

Mr. %e*o )*! *""ointe# A!!inee o+ CALI in t(e e* "rocee#in!,*n# !o-(t * )rit o+ in-nction to (o# b*c t(e co/"*int e# in t(e=.$. (e co-rt #enie# t(e "etition. A P(ii""ine co-rt )o-# not be in *"o!ition to en+orce it! or#er! **in!t t(e $(e Oi Co/"*n )(ic((*""ene# to be *n A/eric*n cor"or*tion o-t!i#e t(e P(ii""ine -ri!#iction. Mr. %e*o eent-* conne# (i! *ction to recoer#*/*e! **in!t t(e #e+en#*nt. (e co-rt #i!/i!!e# t(e co/"*int,*n# *n *""e* )*! /*#e.

ISSUE: ;(et(er t(e #e+en#*nt co//itte# * betr** o+ tr-!t *n#con#ence

HELD:


9/21

(e co-rt or#ere# t(e #e+en#*nt to "* Mr. %e*o t)ice t(e */o-nto+ t(e *-e o+ t(e "*ne +or co/"en!*tor *n# e8e/"*r #*/*e!.

(Article 35)

G.R. No. 122150 M*rc( 17, 2003AMON !. CO=R O APPEAL$

Petitioner: GEORGE C=LIB AMONRe!"on#ent!: CO=R O APPEAL$ AND %ALENINO =. CARANE$Ponente: A=$RIA&MARINE?, 0.

FACTS:On '-ne 6, 1@@, t(e "etitioner e# be+ore t(e Reion* ri*

Co-rt o+ *-io, * co/"*int +or #*/*e! +or t(e in-rie! *n#

e8"en!e! (e inc-rre# *!t Dece/ber @, 1@5. o)eer, t(e Cri/in*C*!e No. 20@ +or $erio-! P(!ic* In-rie! t(r- Rece!! I/"r-#encee# on '*n-*r , 1@6 )*! *re*# #i!/i!!e# b t(e M-nici"* ri*Co-rt o+ -b*, en-et #-e to *c o+ "etitionerH! intere!t *n# t(*t t(e#i!/i!!* )*! )it( re!"ect to bot( t(e cri/in* *n# cii c*!e.

A+ter t(e tri*, t(e RC o+ *-io r-e# t(*t t(e "etitioner i!entite# to #*/*e!. o)eer, t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*!, in it! #eci!ion onM*rc( , 1@@5, re+-!e# to *r/ t(e #eci!ion o+ t(e Reion* ri*Co-rt *n# #i!/i!!e# t(e "etitionerH! c*i/ +or #*/*e! b*!e# on$ection 1, R-e 111 o+ t(e 1@5 R-e! on Cri/in* Proce#-re, *!*/en#e# in 1@, )(ic( i! t(e "re*iin *n# oernin *) in t(i!c*!e, i.:

$ECION 1. 1nstitution of criminal and civil actions. S ;(en *cri/in* *ction i! in!tit-te#, t(e cii *ction +or t(e recoer o+ ciii*biit i! i/"ie# in!tit-te# )it( t(e cri/in* *ction, -ne!! t(eoen#e# "*rt )*ie! t(e cii *ction, re!ere! (i! ri(t to in!tit-te it!e"*r*te, or in!tit-te! t(e cii *ction "rior to t(e cri/in* *ction.

$-c( cii *ction inc-#e! recoer o+ in#e/nit -n#er t(eRei!e# Pen* Co#e, *n# #*/*e! -n#er Artice 32, 33, 3 *n# 2176o+ t(e Cii Co#e o+ t(e P(ii""ine! *ri!in +ro/ t(e !*/e *ct oro/i!!ion o+ t(e *cc-!e#.

ISSUE:;(et(er or not * cii c*!e +or #*/*e! b*!e# on *n

in#e"en#ent cii *ction be #- #i!/i!!e# +or +*i-re to /*ere!er*tion to e * !e"*r*te cii *ction in * cri/in* c*!e e# *ri!in+ro/ t(e !*/e *ct or o/i!!ion o+ t(e *cc-!e#

HELD: -ent e#b (i/ )it(o-t "rior re!er*tion !(o-# be #i!/i!!e#.

(Article 21)as$e S$!!at as$ &s' CA21 SC*A 11

Facts: (e "etitioner, G*!(e/ $(oo*t *!( i! *n Ir*ni*n N*tion*!t-#in /e#icine *t t(e Lce-/ Nort()e!tern Coee! in D*-"*n

Cit )(ie t(e "ri*te re!"on#ent n*/e i! M*rio- Gon*e! )(o)or! in t(e c*+eteri* o+ t(e !*i# !c(oo. $(e i! 22 e*r! o#, !ine,ii"in* o+ oo# /or* c(*r*cter *n# re"-t*tion #- re!"ecte# in (erco//-nit. G*!(e/ co-rte# *n# "ro"o!e# to /*rr (er )(ic( !(e*cce"te# on t(e "re/i!e t(*t t(e )o-# be /*rrie#. (e "etitionereen )ent to t(e "roince o+ t(e "ri*te re!"on#ent to *! t(e*""ro* o+ (er "*rent!. (e "etitioner +orce# (er to ie )it( (i/ in(i! *"*rt/ent in )(ic( !(e *o)e# (er!e+ to be #eZo)ere# b (i/.A+ter *bo-t t)o /ont(!, t(e "etitioner be*n to c(*ne *n# !t*rte# to/*tre*te# (er een t(re*tene# to i (er *n# *ter re"-#i*te# t(eir/*rri*e *ree/ent. No /*rri*e c*/e (ence *n *ction +or bre*c(o+ "ro/i!e to /*rr.

Issue: ;(et(er or not Artice 21 o+ t(e Cii Co#e i! *""ic*be in t(ec*!e *n# )(et(er or not * bre*c( o+ "ro/i!e to /*rr *n *ction*be)ron.

Held: (e e8i!tin r-e i! t(*t bre*c( o+ "ro/i!e to /*rr "er !e i!not *ction*be )ron. Conre!! #eiber*te ei/in*te# +ro/ t(e #r*+t

o+ t(e Ne) Cii Co#e t(e "roi!ion! t(*t )o-# (*e /*#e it !o.

;(ere * /*nH! "ro/i!e to /*rr i! in +*ct t(e "ro8i/*te c*-!e o+ t(e*cce"t*nce o+ (i! oe b * )o/*n *n# (i! re"re!ent*tion to +-t(*t "ro/i!e t(ere*+ter beco/e! t(e "ro8i/*te c*-!e o+ t(e iin o+ (er!e+ -nto (i/ in !e8-* conre!!, "roo+ t(*t (e (*#, in re*it, nointention o+ /*rrin (er *n# t(*t t(e "ro/i!e )*! on * !-bte!c(e/e or "erce"tie #eice to entice or ineie (er to *cce"t (i!*n# to obt*in (er con!ent to t(e !e8-* *ct, co-# -!ti+ t(e *)*r# o+ #*/*e! "-r!-*nt to Artice 21 not bec*-!e o+ !-c( "ro/i!e to /*rr


10/21

b-t bec*-!e o+ t(e +r*-# *n# #eceit be(in# it *n# )i+- in-r to (er(onor *n# re"-t*tion )(ic( +oo)e# t(ere*+ter. It i! e!!enti*(o)eer, t(*t !-c( in-r !(o-# (*e been co//itte# in /*nnercontr*r to /or*!, oo# c-!to/! or "-bic "oic.

(Article 36)

erari &s' C!%ce"ci!%'*' +!' L,1618 Feruar. 260 12/!%e%te: 9ustice T!rres

Facts:Petitioner e# * co/"*int **in!t t(e re!"on#ent, -#e o+ t(e

r!t co-rt o+ r!t in!t*nce, "r*in t(*t t(e cri/in* c*-!e +or e!t*+*+o-n# **in!t (i/ be #ec*re# n- *n# oi# #-e to * "re-#ici*>-e!tion )(erein, "etitioner receie# * !-/ *ri!in +ro/ *n

*ree/ent o+ c*"it* !-b!cri"tion +ro/ * #ebtor&t(ir# "*rt *n# i! !ti*)*itin +-rt(er "*/ent.

Issue:;(et(er t(e cii *ction !o-(t *+ter b t(e "etitioner to !ette

t(e "en#in "re-#ici* >-e!tion i! *"t *n# correct, t(ereb re/oin*n cri/in* i*biit.

Held: (e +*ct t(*t t(e "etitioner *""ro"ri*te# (i/!e+ * !-/ o+

/one +ro/ t(e +oreoin *ree/ent oe! to !(o) t(*t * contr*ct(*e been entere# into. (e #ebtor&t(ir# "*rtH! +-t-re "*/ent *!#e/*n#e# b t(e "etitioner t(*t re!-te# into (i! e# cii *ctionc*nnot be con!tr-e# *! * "re-#ici* >-e!tion. Pre-#ici* >-e!tion i!-n#er!too# in *) to be t(*t )(ic( /-!t "rece#e t(e cri/in* *ctiont(*t re>-ire! * #eci!ion be+ore * n* -#/ent i! ren#ere# in t(e"rinci"* *ction )it( )(ic( !*i# >-e!tion i! co!e connecte#.

PetitionerH! cii *ction t(*t *!! +or !ette/ent o+ "*/ent i! *"re-#ici* >-e!tion. o)eer, it #oe! not *!cert*in )(et(er or not (eco//itte# t(e cri/e o+ e!t*+* e# **in!t (i/ b t(e #ebtor&t(ir#"*rt. I+ *n *ction *t * /-!t be !-!"en#e#, it )o-# be t(e cii*ction *n# in no )* t(e cri/in* *ction once re*!on +or t(e *tter (*!been +o-n# **in!t t(e "etitioner.

(Article 1)

'*' +!' L 1313 9a%uar. 10 162

D;-I+AD;* *' A-*ie#i//e#i*te.

ot( ad interim *""ointee! e8erci!e# t(e "o)er! o+ t(eir oce on '*n-*r 2, 1@62. C*!tio in+or/e# Aton* o+ (i! tite *n# t(e *tter)*! "reente# +ro/ (o#in oce in t(e Centr* *n t(e ne8t #**n# t(ere*+ter, "ro/"tin * "rocee#in )(ic( i! "r*ctic* * quowarranto, c(*enin t(e +or/erH! ri(t to e8erci!e t(e "o)er! o+ Goernor o+ t(e Centr* *n. Aton* C*i/! (e )*! *i# *""ointe#,(*# >-*ie# +or t(e "o!t, /*in C*!tioH! *""oint/ent oi#. C*!tiore"ie! t(*t t(e *""oint/ent o+ Aton* (*# been reoe# bA#/ini!tr*tie Or#er No. 2 *! i!!-e# b Pre!i#ent M*c*"**.

ISSUE: ;(et(er Pre!i#ent M*c*"** (*# t(e "o)er to i!!-e t(eor#er o+ c*nce*tion o+ t(e ad interim *""oint/ent! /*#e bPre!i#ent G*rci*, een *+ter t(e *""ointee! (*# *re*# >-*ie#.

HELD: (e Co-rt, e8erci!in it! -#/ent *n# #i!cretion #i!/i!!e#t(e *ction *! in!tit-te# b Aton*. ;it( t(e !e"*r*tion o+ "o)er!, itre!oe! t(*t it /-!t not #i!re*r# t(e Pre!i#enti* A#/ini!tr*tieOr#er No. 2, c*ncein t(e “midnight” or “last 3 minute” *""oint/ent!.

C-!to/*ri, )(en * "re!i#ent /*e! *""oint/ent!, (e (*! t(ebenet o+ t(e *#ice o+ t(e Co//i!!ion on A""oint/ent!. In adinterim *""oint/ent!, (e e8erci!e! * !"eci* "rero*tie *n# i! bo-n#to be "r-#ent to in!-re *""ro* o+ (i! !eection eit(er "reio-!con!-t*tion )it( t(e /e/ber! o+ t(e Co//i!!ion or b t(ere*+tere8"*inin to t(e/ t(e re*!on +or !eection. In t(i! c*!e, )(ere t(eCo//i!!ion t(*t )i con!i#er t(e *""ointee! i! #ierent +ro/ t(*te8i!tin *t t(e ti/e o+ t(e *""oint/ent, *n# )(ere t(e n*/e! *re tobe !-b/itte# b !-cce!!or )(o /* not )(o *""roe o+ t(e


11/21

!eection!, t(e Pre!i#ent !(o-# be #o-b c*re+- in e8ten#in !-c(*""oint/ent!. It i! #ic-t to beiee t(*t in !inin !eer**""oint/ent! in one ni(t, Pre!i#ent G*rci* e8erci!e# !-c( c*-tion)(ic( )*! re>-ire# *n# e8"ecte# o+ (i/.

(e -n#erin re*!on +or #enin t(e "o)er to reoe *+ter t(e*""ointee (*! >-*ie# i! t(e *tterH! e>-it*be ri(t!. -it i! "re!ent in t(e !it-*tion, con!i#erin t(ecirc-/!t*nce! #etr*ctin +ro/ t(*t #eree o+ oo# +*it(, /or*it *n#"ro"riet )(ic( +or/ t(e b*!ic +o-n#*tion o+ c*i/! to e>-it*be reie+.It /i(t be *r-e# t(*t t(e *""ointee!, )ittin or -n)ittincoo"er*te# )it( t(e /*ne-er to be*t t(e #e*#ine. Occ*!ion!)(erein not on !trict e*it, b-t *!o +*irne!!, -!tice *n#ri(teo-!ne!! !(o-# be t*en into *cco-nt.

(Article 25)

TE*ESITA DI; versus ST' FE*DI+A+D -E-;*IAL A*>0 I+C' a%d-ILD*ED F' TA+T;C;'*' +!' 1678 +!&eer 3/0 2//6

FACTS:

On Dece/ber 11, 1@73, ere!it* Dio *ree# to b-, onin!t*/ent b*!i!, * /e/ori* ot +ro/ t(e $t. er#in*n# Me/ori* P*r,Inc. $MPIB in L-cen* Cit. (e 36&!>-*re&/eter /e/ori* ot i!"*rtic-*r #e!cribe# *! oc 2, $ection , Lot 15. (e "-rc(*!e )*!ei#ence# b * Pre&Nee# P-rc(*!e Aree/ent #*te# Dece/ber 11,1@73 *n# #eno/in*te# *! Contr*ct No. 3. $(e obie# (er!e+ to*bi#e b * !-c( r-e! *n# re-*tion! oernin t(e $MPI #*te# M*25, 1@72.

$MPI i!!-e# * Dee# o+ $*e *n# Certic*te o+ Per"et-*C*re #*te# A"ri 1, 1@7 #eno/in*te# *! Contr*ct No. 2. (e

o)ner!(i" o+ Dio oer t(e "ro"ert )*! /*#e !-bect to t(e r-e! *n#re-*tion! o+ $MPI, *! )e *! t(e oern/ent, inc-#in **/en#/ent!, *##ition! *n# /o#ic*tion! t(*t /* *ter be*#o"te#. R-e 6@ o+ t(e R-e! re*#!:

R-e 6@. M*-!oe-/ b-i#in *n# /e/ori*! !(o-# be

con!tr-cte# b t(e P*r Per!onne. Lot O)ner!c*nnot contr*ct ot(er contr*ctor! +or t(econ!tr-ction o+ t(e !*i# b-i#in! *n# /e/ori*,(o)eer, t(e ot o)ner i! +ree to ie t(eir o)n

#e!in +or t(e /*-!oe-/ to be con!tr-cte#, *! on*! it i! in *ccor#*nce )it( t(e "*r !t*n#*r#!. (econ!tr-ction !(* be -n#er t(e co!e !-"eri!ion o+ t(e P*r $-"erinten#ent.

In t(e e*r "*rt o+ October 1@6, Dio in+or/e# $MPI, t(ro-(it! "re!i#ent *n# controin !toc(o#er, Mi#re# . *ntoco, t(*t !(e)*! "*nnin to b-i# * /*-!oe-/ on (er ot *n# !o-(t t(e *""ro*t(ereo+.

On Dece/ber 23, 1@6, Dio e# * Co/"*int +or In-nction)it( D*/*e! **in!t $MPI *n# *ntoco be+ore t(e RC o+ L-cen*Cit. S$e a&erred t$at s$e ?as %!t a?are !# *ule 6 !# t$eSF-I *ules a%d *eulati!%s@ t$e a!u%t !# 1//0 ///'// asc!%structi!% c!st !# t$e aus!leu ?as u%c!%sci!%ale a%d!""ressi&e' In *##ition P*inti )*! initi* !-r"ri!e# b *ntocoH!

!t*te/ent bec*-!e !(e ne) t(*t t(eir contr*ct #i# not "roi#e +or!-c( !ti"-*tion.

On A--!t 3, 1@@5, t(e tri* co-rt ren#ere# -#/ent in +*oro+ #e+en#*nt!. ="on *""e* t(e CA *r/e# t(e #eci!ion o+ t(e tri*co-rt.

ISSUE:

1. ;(et(er or not "etitioner (*# no)e#e o+ R-e 6@ o+ $MPIR-e! *n# Re-*tion! +or /e/ori* )or! in t(e /*-!oe-/*re*! o+ t(e "*r )(en t(e Pre&Nee# P-rc(*!e Aree/ent *n#t(e Dee# o+ $*e )*! e8ec-te#.

HELD: (e !-"re/e co-rt! #ec*re# t(*t J*!ic i! t(e "rinci"e t(*t

contr*ct!, once "er+ecte#, bin# bot( contr*ctin "*rtie!. (e "*rtie!/* e!t*bi!( !-c( !ti"-*tion!, c*-!e!, ter/! *n# con#ition! *! t(e/* #ee/ conenient, "roi#e# t(e!e *re not contr*r to *), /or*!,

oo# c-!to/!, "-bic or#er, or "-bic "oic. It +oo)! t(*t obi*tion!*ri!in +ro/ contr*ct! (*e t(e +orce o+ *) bet)een t(e contr*ctin"*rtie! *n# !(o-# be co/"ie# )it( in oo# +*it(.

Petitioner i! *n e8"erience# b-!ine!!)o/*n. $(e #o-bte!!#e*t )it( n-/ero-! #oc-/ent!, *n# i! t(ere+ore "re!-/e# to no)t(e i/"ort t(ereo+.

;e *re not "er!-*#e# b "etitionerH! c*i/ t(*t R-e 6@ o+ re!"on#entH! r-e! *n# re-*tion! i! -nre*!on*be *n# o""re!!ie


12/21

bec*-!e t(e "roi!ion -n#- re!trict! (er ri(t o+ o)ner!(i" oer t(e"ro"ert.

(e *i#it or en+orce*biit o+ t(e i/"-ne# contr*ct! )i(*e to be #eter/ine# b t(e "ec-i*r circ-/!t*nce! obt*inin ine*c( c*!e *n# t(e !it-*tion o+ t(e "*rtie! concerne#. In#ee#, Article25 !# t$e +e? Ci&il C!de "r!&ides t$at Bi% all c!%tractual0"r!"ert. !r !t$er relati!%s0 ?$e% !%e !# t$e "arties is at adisad&a%tae !% acc!u%t !# $is !ral de"e%de%ce0 i%!ra%ce0i%die%ce0 e%tal ?ea%ess0 te%der ae0 !r !t$er $a%dica"0t$e c!urts ust e &iila%t #!r $is "r!tecti!% . In t(i! c*!e,(o)eer, t(ere i! no re*!on +or t(e Co-rt to *"" t(e r-e on!trinent tre*t/ent to)*r#! contr*ct! o+ *#(e!ion. o reiter*te, noton i! "etitioner e#-c*te#, !(e i! ie)i!e * )e&no)n *n#e8"erience# b-!ine!!)o/*n t(-!, !(e c*nnot c*i/ to be t(e )e*eror #i!*#*nt*e# "*rt in t(e !-bect contr*ct! !o *! to c* +or *!trict inter"ret*tion **in!t re!"on#ent!. Moreoer, !(e e8ec-te# t(e

Pre&Nee# P-rc(*!e Aree/ent *n# Dee# o+ $*e )it(o-t *nco/"*int or "rote!t. $(e *!!*ie# R-e 6@ o+ t(e R-e! *n#Re-*tion! o+ re!"on#ent $MPI on )(en re!"on#ent! reecte# (erre>-e!t to c*-!e t(e con!tr-ction o+ t(e /*-!oe-/.

HE*EF;*E, t(e in!t*nt "etition i! DE+IED. (e Deci!ion o+ t(e Co-rt o+ A""e*! in CA&G.R. C% No. 52311 #*te# M* 10, 2005,*n# t(e Re!o-tion #*te# $e"te/ber 6, 2005, *re AFFI*-ED. Co!t!**in!t "etitioner.

(Article 2/)

S"!uses A+T;+I; a%d L;*+A UISU-I+ &s' -A+ILAELECT*IC C;-A+< (-E*ALC;)'*' +!' 15253'A"ril 30 2//2

FACTS: $"o-!e! Antonio *n# Lorn* F-i!-/bin *re o)ner! o+ *(o-!e *n# ot oc*te# *t Green/e*#o)! Aen-e, F-eon Cit. ot(*!o en*e# in t(e e8"ort o+ +-rnit-re. (e #e+en#*nt&*""e*ntM*ni* Eectric Co/"*n4! MERALCOB in!"ector! (e*#e# bE//*n-e Orino con#-cte# *n in!"ection on t(e !*i# *en-e. (e(o-!e o+ t(e F-i!-/bin! )ere in!"ecte# b t(e #e+en#*nt *+terob!erin * !t*n#*r# o"er*te# "roce#-re. A+ter t(e in!"ection, it )*!+o-n# o-t t(*t t(e /eter (*! been t*/"ere#. (e re!-t! )ere re*e#to t(e "*inti4! !ecret*r )(o !(*re# t(e in+or/*tion to t(e o)ner!. (e o)ner! )ere *#i!e# t(*t #e+en#*nt )i brin t(e /eter +or

*bor*tor te!tin *n# i+ t(e /eter #i# t-rn o-t to be t*/"ere#,eectric* !erice! o+ t(e "*inti! )i be #i!connecte#. A+ter *n (o-r,t(e in!"ector! in+or/e# t(e "*inti! t(*t /ete# (*# been in#ee#t*/"ere# *n# t(e nee# to "* P17,75.01 !o t(*t t(eir eectric)o-# not be #i!connecte#. (e eectric !erice )*! i//e#i*tereconnecte#. $ti, t(e "*inti! e# * co/"*int +or #*/*e! )it("r*er +or t(e i!!-*nce o+ )rit o+ "rei/in*r /*n#*tor in-nction*n# *!o *ein t(e #e+en#*nt o+ *cte# /*icio-! *n##i!connectin t(e eectricit )it(o-t #-e "roce!! *n# )it(o-t re*r#)it( t(e "*inti4! ri(t!, +eein!, "e*ce o+ /in#, !oci* *n# b-!ine!!re"-t*tion .

ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e "etitioner *n# t(e re!"on#ent *re entite#to #*/*e!.

HELD: (e "etitioner! *re entite# to /or* #*/*e! *t(o-( in *re#-ce# */o-nt on, e8e/"*r #*/*e!, *n# *ttorne4! +ee!. Mor*

#*/*e! *re recoere# )(en t(e ri(t! o+ in#ii#-*!, inc-#in t(eri(t **in!t #e"ri*tion o+ "ro"ert )it(o-t #-e "roce!! o+ *), *reio*te#. E8e/"*r #*/*e!, on t(e ot(er (*n#, *re i/"o!e# b )*o+ e8*/"e or correction +or t(e "-bic oo# in *##ition to /or*,te/"er*te, i>-i#*te# or co/"en!*tor #*/*e!. In t(i! c*!e, t(ere>-i!ite! o+ *) /-!t be co/"ie# )it( be+ore t(e #i!connection o+ eectric* !-"" c*n be eecte#. (e "etitioner!4 c*i/ +or *ct-*#*/*e!, (o)eer, )*! not r*nte# #-e to +*i-re to "roi#e "roo+.On t(e ot(er (*n#, t(e "etitioner! )ere or#ere# to "* t(ere!"on#ent t(e biin #ierenti* o+ P1@3,332.@6. (e re!"on#ent!)ere *be to "re!ent !-cient ei#ence! re*r#in t(e */o-nt#ierenti*.

(Article 1)

U%i&ersit. !# t$e East &s' 9ader

G.R. No. 1323 ebr-*r 17, 2000Ponente: '-!tice


13/21

+ee. (e re!"on#ent too t(e e8*/in*tion. A+ter )(ic(, (i! r*#e )*!!-b/itte# b t(e "ro+e!!or. It )*! * +*iin r*#e o+ 5.

On t(e ot(er (*n#, *+ter #eiber*tion o+ t(e De*n *n# *c-t/e/ber! o+ t(e Coee, re!"on#ent4! n*/e *""e*re# in t(e ent*tieLi!t o+ C*n#i#*te! +or r*#-*tion +or t(e Deree o+ *c(eor o+ L*)!LL.B *! o+ $econ# $e/e!ter 1@7&1@B. e )*! */on t(e!t-#ent! )(o )ere ien init*tion! to "*rtici"*te in t(eco//ence/ent e8erci!e! +or t(e c*n#i#*te! o+ *c(eor o+ L*)!. (ere!"on#ent *tten#e# t(e !*i# cere/onie!, #-rin t(e "ror*/ o+ )(ic( (e )ent -" t(e !t*e )(en (i! n*/e )*! c*e#, )it( (er/ot(er *n# (i! e#e!t brot(er )(o *!!i!te# in "*cin t(e oo#, *n#(i! *!!e )*! t-rne# +ro/ e+t to ri(t, *n# (e )*! t(ere*+ter (*n#e#b t(e De*n * roe# )(ite !(eet o+ "*"er !/boic* o+ t(e L*)Di"o/*.

D-rin (i! reie) +or t(e b*r e8*/in*tion!, (e e*rne# o+ t(e

#ecienc in (i! r*#e *n# )*! not *be to t*e t(e b*r e8*/in*tion.e !-e# (i! coee +or /or* *n# e8e/"*r #*/*e! *ri!in +ro/t(e *tterH! neience o+ not -rent in+or/in (i! #ecienc.

ISSUE: ;(et(er or not *n e#-c*tion* in!tit-tion /* be (e# to (*e*cte# in b*# +*it( +or /i!e*#in * !t-#ent into beiein t(*t t(e*tter (*# !*ti!e# * re>-ire/ent! +or r*#-*tion )(en !-c( i! not.

HELD: (e co-rt (e# t(*t t(e JPetitioner, in be*te# in+or/inre!"on#ent o+ t(e re!-t o+ t(e re/o* e8*/in*tion, "*rtic-*r *t *ti/e )(en (e (*# *re*# co//ence# "re"*rin +or t(e b*r e8*/!,c*nnot be !*i# to (*e *cte# in oo# +*it(. Ab!ence o+ oo# +*it(/-!t be !-cient e!t*bi!(e# +or * !-cce!!+- "ro!ec-tion b t(e*riee# "*rt in * !-it +or *b-!e o+ ri(t -n#er Artice 1@ o+ t(e CiiCo#e. Goo# +*it( connote! *n (one!t intention to *b!t*in +ro/ t*in-n#-e *#*nt*e o+ *not(er, een t(o-( t(e +or/! *n# tec(nic*itie!o+ t(e *), toet(er )it( t(e *b!ence o+ * in+or/*tion or beie+ o+ +*ct!, )o-# ren#er t(e tr*n!*ction -ncon!cientio-!. It i! t(e !c(oot(*t (*! *cce!! to t(o!e in+or/*tion *n# it i! on t(e !c(oo t(*t c*n

co/"e it! "ro+e!!or! to *ct *n# co/" )it( it! r-e!, re-*tion! *n#"oicie! )it( re!"ect to t(e co/"-t*tion *n# t(e "ro/"t !-b/i!!ion o+ r*#e!. $t-#ent! #o not e8erci!e contro, /-c( e!! inZ-ence, oert(e )* *n e#-c*tion* in!tit-tion !(o-# r-n it! **ir!, "*rtic-*r in#i!ci"inin it! "ro+e!!or! *n# te*c(er! *n# en!-rin t(eir co/"i*nce)it( t(e !c(oo4! r-e! *n# or#er!. ein t(e "*rt t(*t (ire# t(e/, iti! t(e !c(oo t(*t e8erci!e! ener* !-"eri!ion *n# e8c-!ie controoer t(e "ro+e!!or! )it( re!"ect to t(e !-b/i!!ion o+ re"ort! inoint(e !t-#ent!4 !t*n#in. E8c-!ie contro /e*n! t(*t no ot(er "er!on

or entit (*# *n contro oer t(e in!tr-/ent*it )(ic( c*-!e# t(e#*/*e or in-r.

(Article 21)

G.R. No. 1525@. ebr-*r 2, 2005

+I>>; H;TEL -A+ILA A*DE+ a%d *U< LI- vs. *;E*T;*E


14/21

Artice 21 re+er! to *ct! contra bonus mores *n# (*! t(e+oo)in ee/ent!: 1B (ere i! *n *ct )(ic( i! e* 2B b-t )(ic( i!contr*r to /or*!, oo# c-!to/, "-bic or#er, or "-bic "oic *n# 3Bit i! #one )it( intent to in-re.

In t(e #eter/in*tion o+ t(e /*nner in )(ic( Mr. Ree! )*! *!e#to e*e, t(e co-rt reie)e# t(e n#in! o+ +*ct. Mr. Ree! (i/!e+ *#/itte# t(*t )(en M!. Li/ *!e# (i/ to e*e !(e )*! !o co!e to(i/ to * "oint t(*t t(e */o!t i!!e#. (i! !-e!te# t(*t M!. Li/#i# not inten# (er!e+ to be (e*r# b ot(er "eo"e to t(ee/b*rr*!!/ent o+ Mr. Ree!. (e +*ct t(*t t(e!e t)o #i# not"er!on* no) e*c( ot(er "rior to t(e "*rt, +*i! to !(o) t(*t t(e*ct o+ M!. Li/ )*! #rien b *ni/o!it **in!t Mr. Ree!. (e*ttrib-tion o+ t(e *ee# /i!con#-ct o+ M!. Li/ to (er *e *n#)orin eniron/ent i! * */e *r-/ent t(*t c*nnot be con!i#ere#.

(e *b!ence o+ *n "roo+ o+ /otie on t(e "*rt o+ M!. Li/ to(-/ii*te Mr. Ree! *n# e8"o!e (i/ to ri#ic-e *n# !(*/e, /*e! it(i( -nie t(*t !(e )o-# !(o-t *t (i/ +ro/ * er co!e#i!t*nce. M!. Li/ (*in been in t(e (ote b-!ine!! +or t)ent e*r!)(erein bein "oite *n# #i!creet *re irt-e! to be e/-*te#, t(ete!ti/on o+ Mr. Ree! t(*t !(e *cte# to t(e contr*r #oe! not in!"irebeie+ *n# i! in#ee# incre#ibe.

=n#er Artice 21 t(e n*t-re o+ t(e *ct to be *be to c*i/ #*/*e!/-!t be intention*.

In t(i! c*!e, it )*! not "roen t(*t M!. R-b Li/ (*! * /otie tointention* e/b*rr*!! Mr. Ree! in *!in (i/ to e*e t(e "*rt)(erein (e )*! not inite#. (-!, M!. Li/ i! not i*be -n#er Artice 21o+ t(e Cii Co#e.

(Article 26)

e!"le !# t$e $ili""i%es &s' Isaur! Sa%tia!' *' +!' L,17663-a. 3/0 162

Facts: (e c*!e re*te! to t(e e8"o!-re o+ Ar!enio . L*c!on, t(en M*or o+ t(e Cit o+ M*ni*, to "-bic (*tre# *n# ri#ic-e b one I!*-ro$*nti*o, in t(e co-r!e o+ * "oitic* !"eec( in F-i*"o, M*ni* on t(e5t( o+ October 1@5@. De+en#*nt, t(ro-( *n */"ier !!te/ *n# int(e "re!ence o+ * cro)# o+ *ro-n# * (-n#re# "er!on! c*e# o-tJ %rsenio ayop -acson, pina&awalang hiyang %l&alde, ayor -acsonraped a woman at the %roma !afe and another !ity all employee inhellborne otel in )(ic( t(e "*inti e# *n in+or/*tion +or ibe

**in!t t(e #e+en#*nt on A--!t 11, 1@60. De+en#*nt, t(ro-( (i!Motion to F-*!( In+or/*tion, c*i/e# t(*t t(e c(*re i! not ibe, b-tor* #e+*/*tion, *n# t(e in o+ in+or/*tion o+ t(e *tter (*! *re*#"re!cribe#.

Issue: ;(et(er or not t(e cri/e c(*re# in t(e in+or/*tion i! or*#e+*/*tion, -n#er Artice 35 o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e, or ibe,-n#er Artice 355, in re*tion to Artice 353, o+ t(e !*/e Co#e.

Held: (e $-"re/e Co-rt, En *nc, (e# t(*t t(e +*ct! *ee# in t(ein+or/*tion con!tit-te t(e cri/e o+ or* #e+*/*tion, -n#er Artice 35o+ t(e Rei!e# Pen* Co#e. (e ro-n#! b )(ic( t(e in+or/*tion +oribe )*! e# i! t(e erroneo-! co/"*ri!on o+ t(e /e#i* r*#io *n#*/"ier !!te/. Accor#in to $-//it ote Co. !. N*tion*ro*#c*!tin Co. PA&12 A.L.R. @63B, “the rules governing sucho/ense were declared inapplicable to extemporaneous remar&s of scurrilous nature, made ad libitum in the course of a radio broadcast

by a person hired to read a prepared text, but not appearingthereon.” (e !t*te/ent!, )(ic( )ere (e*r# t(ro-( *n */"ier!!te/, t(o-( #e+*/*tor, *re e8te/"or*neo-! !-c( t(*t no/*n-!cri"t or "re"*re# te8t )*! re*#.


15/21

(Article 36)

AU+AD; =' E;LE ('*' +!' 1218' -arc$ 3/0 2//5)

FactsOn $e"te/ber 1, 1@67, $**#or Ab-n*#o /*rrie# N*rci!*

Arce[o *t t(e M*ni* Cit * be+ore Re. Pe#ro i*nco. In 1@,N*rci!* e+t +or '*"*n to )or b-t ret-rne# to t(e P(ii""ine! in 1@@2,)(en !(e e*rne# t(*t (er (-!b*n# )*! (*in *n e8tr*&/*rit* **ir*n# (*! e+t t(eir con-* (o/e. N*rci!* +o-n# t(*t $**#or i!co(*bitin )it( e Cor*on P*to. $(e *!o +o-n# o-t t(*t $**#orcontr*cte# * !econ# /*rri*e )it( cert*in * ?en*i#* i[*! be+ore '-#e Lii*n Din-o! P*nonton*n in $*n M*teo, Ri*. On '*n-*r 1@,

1@@5, *n *nn-/ent c*!e )*! e# b $**#or **in!t N*rci!*. OnM* 1, 1@@5, * c*!e +or bi*/ )*! e# b N*rci!* **in!t $**#or*n# ?en*i#*. $**#or *#/itte# t(*t (e r!t /*rrie# ?en*i#* onDece/ber 2, 1@55 be+ore * /-nici"* tri* co-rt -#e inConce"cion, Ioio *n# (*! +o-r c(i#ren )it( (er "rior to t(eir!e"*r*tion in 1@66. It *""e*re# (o)eer t(*t t(ere )*! no ei#enceo+ t(eir 1@55 /*rri*e !o (e *n# ?en*i#* re/*rrie# on '*n-*r 10,1@@, -"on t(e re>-e!t o+ t(eir !on +or t(e "-r"o!e o+ co/"in )it(t(e re>-ire/ent! +or (i! co//i!!ion in t(e /iit*r. $**#or )*!conicte# +or bi*/ b t(e tri* co-rt. $**#or "etitione# +or *reie) *n# c*i/! t(*t (i! "etition +or *nn-/ent9#ec*r*tion o+ n-ito+ /*rri*e )*! * "re-#ici* >-e!tion, (ence, t(e "rocee#in! in t(ebi*/ c*!e !(o-# (*e been !-!"en#e# #-rin t(e "en#enc o+ t(e*nn-/ent c*!e.

Issue;(et(er t(e "etition +or *nn-/ent or n-it o+ /*rri*e )*! *

"re-#ici* >-e!tion, (ence t(e "rocee#in! in t(e bi*/ c*!e !(o-#be !-!"en#e#.

HeldNo. A "re-#ici* >-e!tion (*! been #ene# *! one b*!e# on *

+*ct #i!tinct *n# !e"*r*te +ro/ t(e cri/e b-t !o inti/*te connecte#)it( it t(*t it #eter/ine! t(e -it or innocence o+ t(e *cc-!e#, *n#+or it to !-!"en# t(e cri/in* *ction, it /-!t *""e*r not on t(*t !*i#c*!e inoe! +*ct! inti/*te re*te# to t(o!e -"on )(ic( t(e cri/in*"ro!ec-tion )o-# be b*!e# b-t *!o t(*t in t(e re!o-tion o+ t(e i!!-eor i!!-e! r*i!e# in t(e cii c*!e, t(e -it or innocence o+ t(e *cc-!e#)o-# nece!!*ri be #eter/ine#. (e r*tion*e be(in# t(e "rinci"e

o+ !-!"en#in * cri/in* c*!e in ie) o+ * "re-#ici* >-e!tion i! to*oi# t)o conZictin #eci!ion!. (e #ec*r*tion o+ t(e -#ici*#ec*r*tion o+ n-it i! i//*teri* to t(e "ro!ec-tion o+ t(e cri/in*c*!e o+ bi*/ bec*-!e !-c( cri/e (*! been con!-//*te# #-rint(e "erio# )(erein t(e /*rri*e i! !-""o!e# !-b!i!tin. (einnocence or -it o+ t(e "etitioner i! not #eter/ine# b t(e*nn-/ent c*!e. A /*rri*e i! #ee/e# *i# -nti t(e #ec*r*tion o+ it! n-it or * -#ici* #ec*r*tion o+ *nn-/ent.

(Article 27)

G.R. No. L&3075 '*n-*r 1, 1@7PILIPPINE MAC CO., LD. %$. E CI< O CE= *n# 'E$=$ E.?AAE, Actin Cit re*!-rer

FACTS: (i! c*!e i! *bo-t t(e e*it o+ t(e t*8 coecte# b t(e Cito+ Ceb- on !*e! o+ /*tc(e! !tore# b t(e P(ii""ine M*tc( Co., Lt#. inCeb- Cit b-t #eiere# to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e Cit.

Or#in*nce No. 27@ o+ Ceb- Cit *""roe# b t(e /*or on M*rc( 10,1@60 *n# *!o *""roe# b t(e "roinci* bo*r#B i! *n or#in*ncei/"o!in * >-*rter t*8 on ro!! !*e! or recei"t! o+ /erc(*nt!,#e*er!, i/"orter! *n# /*n-+*ct-rer! o+ *n co//o#it #oinb-!ine!! in Ceb- Cit. It i/"o!e! * !*e! t*8 o+ one "ercent 1TB ont(e ro!! !*e!, recei"t! or *-e o+ co//o#itie! !o#, b*rtere#,e8c(*ne# or /*n-+*ct-re# in t(e cit in e8ce!! o+ P2,000 * >-*rter.

$ection @ o+ t(e or#in*nce "roi#e! t(*t, +or "-r"o!e! o+ t(e t*8, *#eierie! o+ oo#! or co//o#itie! !tore# in t(e Cit o+ Ceb-, or i+ not!tore# *re !o# in t(*t cit, !(* be con!i#ere# *! !*e! in t(e cit*n# !(* be t*8*be.

It *!!*i! t(e e*it o+ t(e t*8 )(ic( t(e cit tre*!-rer coecte# ono-t&o+& to)n #eierie! o+ /*tc(e!, to )it: 1B !*e! o+ /*tc(e! booe#

*n# "*i# +or in Ceb- Cit b-t !(i""e# #irect to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit 2B tr*n!+er! o+ /*tc(e! to ne)!/en *!!ine# to #ierent*encie! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit *n# 3B !(i"/ent! o+ /*tc(e! to"roinci* c-!to/er! "-r!-*nt to !*e!/en4! in!tr-ction!.

(e co/"*n in it! etter o+ A"ri 15, 1@61 to t(e cit tre*!-rer !o-(tt(e re+-n# o+ t(e !*e! t*8 "*i# +or o-t&o+&to)n #eierie! o+ /*tc(e!.It inoe# $(e Co/"*n o+ t(e P(ii""ine!, Lt#. !. M-nici"*it o+ $i"ocot, C*/*rine! $-r, 105 P(i. 1263. In t(*t c*!e !*e! o+ oi *n#"etroe-/ "ro#-ct! eecte# o-t!i#e t(e territori* i/it! o+ $i"ocot,


16/21

)ere (e# not to be !-bect to t(e t*8 i/"o!e# b *n or#in*nce o+ t(*t/-nici"*it.

(e cit tre*!-rer #enie# t(e re>-e!t. i! !t*n# i! t(*t -n#er !ection@ o+ t(e or#in*nce * o-t&o+&to)n #eierie! o+ *tc(e! !tore# in t(ecit *re !-bect to t(e !*e! t*8 i/"o!e# b t(e or#in*nce.

On A--!t 12, 1@63 t(e co/"*n e# t(e co/"*int (erein, "r*int(*t t(e or#in*nce be # oi# in!o+*r *! it t*8e# t(e #eierie! o+ /*tc(e! o-t!i#e o+ Ceb- Cit, t(*t t(e cit be or#ere# to re+-n# to t(eco/"*n t(e !*i# !-/ o+ P12,.61 *! e8ce!! !*e! t*8 "*i#, *n#t(*t t(e cit tre*!-rer be or#ere# to "* #*/*e!.

A+ter (e*rin, t(e tri* co-rt !-!t*ine# t(e t*8 on t(e !*e! o+ /*tc(e!booe# *n# "*i# +or in Ceb- Cit *t(o-( t(e /*tc(e! )ere !(i""e##irect to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit. (e o)er co-rt (e# t(*t t(e!*i# !*e! )ere con!-//*te# in Ceb- Cit bec*-!e #eier to t(e

c*rrier in t(e cit i! #ee/e# to be * #eier to t(e c-!to/er! o-t!i#eo+ t(e cit.

-t t(e tri* co-rt in*i#*te# t(e t*8 on tr*n!+er! o+ /*tc(e! to!*e!/en *!!ine# to #ierent *encie! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit *n# on!(i"/ent! o+ /*tc(e! to "roinci* c-!to/er! "-r!-*nt to t(ein!tr-ction! o+ t(e ne)!/en It or#ere# t(e #e+en#*nt! to re+-n# to t(e"*inti t(e !-/ o+ P,@23.55 *! t*8e! "*i# o-t t(e !*i# o-t&o+&to)n#eierie! )it( e* r*te o+ intere!t +ro/ t(e re!"ectie #*te! o+ "*/ent.

(e cit #i# not *""e* +ro/ t(*t #eci!ion. (e co/"*n *""e*e#+ro/ t(*t "ortion o+ t(e #eci!ion -"(o#in t(e t*8 on !*e! o+ /*tc(e! to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit b-t )(ic( !*e! )ere booe#*n# "*i# +or in Ceb- Cit, *n# *!o +ro/ t(e #i!/i!!* o+ it! c*i/ +or#*/*e! **in!t t(e cit tre*!-rer.

ISSUE: ;(et(er or not t(e Cit o+ Ceb- erre# in i/"o!in t*8 !*e! on/*tc(e! )(ic( )ere "er+ecte# *n# "*i# +or in Ceb- Cit b-t t(e

/*tc(e! )ere #eiere# to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e Cit.

HELD: ;e (o# t(*t t(e *""e* i! #eoi# o+ /erit be/-!e t(e cit c*n*i# t*8 t(e !*e! o+ /*tc(e! to c-!to/er! o-t!i#e o+ t(e cit *!on *! t(e or#er! )ere booe# *n# "*i# +or in t(e co/"*n4! br*nc(oce in t(e cit. (o!e /*tc(e! c*n be re*r#e# *! !o# in t(e cit,*! conte/"*te# in t(e or#in*nce, bec*-!e t(e /*tc(e! )ere#eiere# to t(e c*rrier in Ceb- Cit. Gener*, #eier to t(e c*rrieri! #eier to t(e b-er Art. 1523, Cii Co#e e(n, Meer U Co. !.


17/21

G-ier/o C*!i"it R*#*/, 22 *t t(e ti/e o+ t(e inci#ent, *""e*! toin!i!t on (i! innocence *+ter bein +o-n# -it o+ r*"in Mr*Ren*#o, 1 e*r! o# *n# * !i8t( r*#er b*c t(en. (e t)o *renei(bor! in %ictori*, A*/ino!, P*n*!in*n. On 1@ $e"te/ber 1@6,Mr* )*! inite# b G-ier/o to t(e to)n o+ A*/ino! to b- rice *n#b*n*n*! b-t )ent to D*-"*n in!te*# bec*-!e o+ c(e*"er "rice!. (et)o )*tc(e# * /oie *n# (*# #inner be+ore "rocee#in to %ictori*. Itr*ine# (*r# on t(eir )* (o/e !o t(e #eci#e# to !t* in * (-t in t(eo"en e# o+ *r*n* *b*n. In!i#e t(e (-t, G-ier/o +orce#(i/!e+ into Mr* *n# Mr* co-# not !to" (i/ *! (e )*! bi *n#!tron. A+ter *rriin *t t(eir re!"ectie (o/e!, Mr* n*rr*te# to (er*-nt Nenit*R*b*#on eert(in t(*t too "*ce in!i#e t(e (-t. (et)o t(en re"orte# t(e inci#ent to t(e *-t(oritie! *n# (e*#e# to t(e;e!tern P*n*!in*n Gener* o!"it* +or * /e#ic* e8*/in*tion t(e+oo)in *+ternoon.G-ier/o #enie# * t(e c(*re! *n# conte!te# t(*t (e *n# Mr* )ere!)eet(e*rt! on be+ore t(e inci#ent. Accor#in to (i/, Mr* *e (er

con!ent to t(e !e8-* interco-r!e t(*t too "*ce in t(e (-t !ince t(e*re oer!. G-ier/o conten#e# t(*t Mr* )*! "rob*b in#-ce# b(er *-nt Nenit*to e t(e c*!e. -rt(er, t(e *cc-!e# *r-e# t(*t t(eir/oie #*te *n# !t* in t(e (-t -nti /ornin *re in#ic*tie o+ Mr*H!*ttr*ction to G-ier/o, t(ereb n-i+in (er c*i/ o+ bein +orce#into (*in !e8-* interco-r!e )it( (i/.

ISSUE:;(ic( !(o-# t(e co-rt beiee S G-ier/oH! or Mr*H! er!ion o+ t(einci#ent

HELD: (e co-rt +o-n# G-ier/o C*!i"it R*#*/ -it o+ r*"in Mr*Ren*#o *n# *r/e# (i! !entence o+ reclusion perpetua. -rt(er, t(ein#e/nit in +*or o+ Mr* )*! incre*!e# to P50,000.00 +ro/ P30,000.Accor#in to t(e co-rt, Mr*, *t t(*t ti/e, )*! on 1 e*r! o#, *ninnocent b*rrio *!! )(o "*ce# (er tr-!t on *""e*nt t(*t #*. eri//e#i*te #i!co!-re o+ t(e inci#ent to (er +*/i *n# to t(e*-t(oritie! *n# !-b/i!!ion to /e#ic* e8*/in*tion *-/ent! t(e

tr-t(+-ne!! o+ (er c*!e. -rt(er, recor#! !(o)e# t(*t !(e )*! not *)o/*n o+ * Zirt*tio-! n*t-re to "rooe G-ier/o to (*e !e8 )it((er. (e r-in )*! b*!e# on t(e $t*teH! roe *! parenspatriaeS (*int(e obligation to minimi4e the ris& of harm to those who, because of their minority, are not yet able to fully protect themselves. (e co-rt"*ce# /ore )ei(t on Mr*H! te!ti/on bec*-!e o+ it! Jaredrece"ti&it.t! le%d crede%ce t! t$e testi!%ies !# &ictis ?$!are te%der .ears reardi% t$eir &ersi!%s !# ?$at tra%s"ired'

(Article 22)

=I*ILI; C' C*


18/21

Issue:

$(o-# intere!t be i/"o!e# on t(e !-r"-! to be ret-rne# b t(ere!"on#ent!

Held:


19/21

(Article 25)

ELADA DE LIMA !. LAG=NA A-e!t +ort(e /o#ic*tion o+ t(e #eci!ion in !-c( * )* t(*t t(e eectiit i! tobe roe# b*c to Dece/ber 27, 1@63. -rt(er/ore, t(e (eir o+ #e*Cr- e# * recon!i#er*tion +or t(e incre*!e o+ in#e/nit +ro/ P3,000to P12,000. ;it( t(i! "en#in /otion +or recon!i#er*tion, L e# *n*""e* +or t(e c*!e. (e *""e*te co-rt t-rne# #o)n t(e /otion +orrecon!i#er*tion o+ t(e "*inti! in#ic*tin t(*t *n *""e* !(o-# (*ebeen e# +or t(e *)*r#in o+ t(e e* intere!t. (e "etition )*!reie)e# in 1@, t(irt e*r! *+ter t(e *ct-* inci#ent.

ISSUES:

*. ;(et(er t(e eectiit o+ t(e #eci!ion i! to be roe# b*c *!re>-e!te# b t(e "*inti!.

b. ;(et(er t(e o)er co-rt )*! erroneo-! in t(e #e* o+ t(e #eci!ion+or t(e incre*!e in t(e c*i/ o+ t(e (eir o+ Petr* #e* Cr-.

HELD:

(e co-rt r*nte# t(e "etition notin t(*t t(e "*inti! )ere -n*be to/*e *n *""e* in t(e o)er co-rt #-e to t(e +*ct t(*t t(e "etitioner!

*re !eein -#ici* re/e# *! i/"oeri!(e# in#ii#-*!. (e )ere(o"e+- t(*t t(e *#-#e# */o-nt )i be "roi#e# to t(e/ b t(etr*n!"ort*tion co/"*n. ;it( t(e c*!e "en#in +or t(irt e*r!, t(eco-rt *"t +o-n# t(i! *! * !-cient -!tic*tion to r*nt t(e e*intere!t *! )e *! t(e incre*!e in in#e/nit.

It )*! +o-n# t(*t t(e roin b*c o+ t(e eectiit #*te )*! nece!!*rto co/"en!*te +or t(e /onet*r o!! t(e "*inti! inc-rre# +ro/ t(e*cci#ent, #e*t( *n# co-rt "rocee#in!. Moreoer, t(e c*i/ +or Petr*#e* Cr- )*! incre*!e# +ro/ P3,000.00 to P30,000.00. (e #eci!ion)*! i//e#i*te e8ec-tor in re!"on!e to t(e i#entie# -rent nee#o+ t(e "*inti!.

(Article 23)

DEL -;+TE C;*;*ATI;+,USA0 AUL E' DE*


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Aree/ent, t(e *tter bein *! e8c-!ie #i!trib-tor o+ "ro#-ct! in t(eP(ii""ine! +or * "erio# o+ e 5B e*r!, rene)*be +or t)o 2Bcon!ec-tie e 5B e*r "erio#! (e Aree/ent "roi#e#, */onot(er!, +or *n *rbitr*tion c*-!e )(ic( !t*te! &

56. 789E217 -%; %< %2)1=2%=18

=his %greement shall be governed by the laws of the tate of !alifornia and>or, if applicable, the ?nited tates of %merica. %lldisputes arising out of or relating to this %greement or the parties@ relationship, including the termination thereof, shall be resolved by arbitration in the !ity of an Arancisco, tate of !alifornia, under the2ules of the %merican %rbitration %ssociation. =he arbitration panelshall consist of three members, one of whom shall be selected by


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