Navigating the

Fast Food Maze

Highly accessible Less accessibleConvenient Less convenientGreat tasting Not as good tastingPromoted heavily Not promotedInexpensive More expensive

Fast Foods Healthy Foods

Percent of Food Spending Used on Fast Food

25%

40%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1970 1995

Total Food Spending Is Increasing (billions)

050

100150200250300350400450500

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Away from home

Number of Fast Food Restaurants in the U.S.

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

1970 1980 1990 2001Paeratakul, JADA 2003:103:1332-8

Percent of adults who are overweight or obese

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2/3 of adults are overweight orobese

67%

Life Expectancy in the U.S.

404550556065707580

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

2010

2020

2030

2-5 year declinein life expectancy

Is Fast Food to Blame?

People Who Eat Fast Food: Eat more fat Eat more saturated fat Eat fewer fruits and vegetables Have more body fat

People who live near fast food restaurants are more likely to eat more fast food.

People who have more fast food restaurants in their neighborhood are more likely to have heart disease and die early.

States with the most fast food outlets per square mile have the highest rates of obesity

Calories Children Eat with Fast Food or at Home

770

420

0100200300400500600700800

Fast food meal Home meal

The most common vegetable consumed?

25% of all vegetables eaten in the U.S.

Fast Food Reaches Africa

COMPUTERS Reach Africa

Nintendo Reaches Africa

“We always, always have kid-related programs.”

Mary Miller, McDonald’s VP

Childhood Obesity 27% of children are overweight (CDC, 2003)

Food quantity has changed (serving sizes)

8 oz 12 oz 16 oz 20 oz 34 oz

16 oz 32 oz 44 oz 52 oz 64 oz

48 Teaspoons Sugar

French FriesFrench Fries

20 Years Ago Today

210 Calories2.4 ounces

610 Calories6.9 ounces

Turkey SandwichTurkey Sandwich

20 Years Ago Today

320 calories 820 calories

Courtesy of Dr. Kelly Brownell

U.S. government’s entire budgetfor nutrition education is one-fifth theadvertising budget for…

Nestle, 2002

Altoids mints

Courtesy of Dr. Kelly Brownell

Texas Double WhopperCalories 1050

Saturated fat 26 grams130% of daily

Fat grams 69 grams106% of daily

Sodium 1910 mg80% of daily

A Few Fast Food Facts Everyone eats fast food Fast food is marketed everywhere It is almost impossible to avoid it We need to learn to live with it

Calories.. Who’s counting?

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

McDonald’s hamburger

McDonald’s Big Mac

O’Charley’s chicken tenders dinner

Shoney’s deluxe pancake plate

Lone Star Steakhouse Lone Star wings

Denny’s mini burgers w/ onion rings

Chili’s awesome blossom

Nathan’s Famous seafood sampler

How about dinner and dessert?

2,270

1,760

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Romano’s Macaroni Grill New York cheesecake with caramel fudge sauce

Romano’s Macaroni Grill Spaghetti & Meatballs dinner

4,030

Both

Start Walking

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

McDonald’s hamburger

McDonald’s Big Mac

O’Charley’s chicken tenders dinner

Shoney’s deluxe pancake plate

Lone Star Steakhouse Lone Star wings

Denny’s mini burgers w/ onion rings

Chili’s awesome blossom

Nathan’s Famous seafood sampler

hour

s

Food Marketing = $25 Billion5-a-day = $1 million

Ronald McDonald is recognized by nearly 96% of American children

A child's first request for a product typically occurs at about 24 months of age

Ad agencies acknowledge that toddlers and preschool children have considerable purchase influence through “nag factor”

Children influence nearly half of McDonald’s visits

Pres., National Restaurant Assn

“Personal responsibility is a very important part of this because we can’t look at someone else to solve our problems.”

Former DHHSSecretary

Tommy Thompson

“… we have to continue to work hard to spread the gospel of personal responsibility.”

Surgeon General

“It’s about personal responsibility”

So, What’s Wrong With Fast Food?

It tastes great It’s very convenient It’s relatively inexpensive

Western Diet Pattern

Prudent Diet Pattern

Western vs Prudent

A Western diet has significantly higher risk of: Type II diabetes Cancer Cardiovascular disease Premature death

How the Stop & Go Fast Food Nutrition Guide was

Developed

Red Any food with more than 1 gram

of trans fats Any food with more than 13

grams of saturated fat Any food with processed meats

Green Foods not red with whole grains,

fresh fruits, vegetables, Healthy oils (french fries fried in

healthy oils) Many deli type sandwiches

Yellow Foods not green and not red Sodium and cholesterol content

can push the food to green or red

Good Guys (trans fat free) Wendy’s Au Bon Pain Jason’s Deli Panera Bread California Pizza Kitchen Ruby Tuesday Chick-Fil-A

Bad Guys (have expressed no desire to remove trans fats)

Starbucks, Friendly’s Popeyes Taco Bell KFCs getting sued

WORSTBreakfast specialtyTraditional fast food with trans fatsMexicanItalianPizzaTraditional fast food without trans fatsHealthy Asian foods Sandwich shops BEST

WORSTDenny’s, Waffle HouseBurger King, KFC, McDonald'sTaco Bell, Del Taco, Taco John’sSbarroPizza HutChick-Fil-A, In-N-OutPanda ExpressSubway, Blimpies, Boston MarketBEST

Will Making Healthy Selections Make Any

Difference?

Lifestyle Change Program

Fruit and Vegetable Servings

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

7.5

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

Whole Grain Servings

4

4.5

5

5.5

6

6.5

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

Percent of Calories from Fat

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

Grams of Saturated Fat

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

Sodium (mg)

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

Total Calories

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

Baseline 6 weeks 6 months

BMI

-1

-0.08

-1.3-1.6-1.6

-1.4-1.2

-1-0.8-0.6-0.4-0.2

0

underweight

normal overweight

obese

Systolic Blood Pressure Reductions mm/Hg

-3.6

-12.9

-28.8-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

ideal high dangerous

Diastolic Blood Pressure Reductions mm/Hg

-3.5

-10.4

-14-14-12-10

-8-6-4-20

ideal high dangerous

Total Cholesterol Reductions mg/dl

-15.8

-28.8

-47.3-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10

-50

normal boderlinehigh

high risk

Glucose Reductions mg/dl

0.3

-9

-46-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15-10

-505

normal I FG diabetes

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