Natural Resources

Soil and Forest• Key Words: – Humus- broken down plant and animal matter in soil– Leaching-downward movement of minerals and humus in soils– Contour plowing-plowing hills across a field, rather than up or

down– Soil Exhaustion-soil has lost nutrients and becomes useless for

farming– Crop Rotation-planting different crops in a field in alternating

years– Irrigation-process in which water is artificially supplied to the

land– Soil Salinization-salt buildup in the soil – Deforestation-destruction or loss of a forest– Reforestation- replanting of a forest

Soil and Forest

• Soil is a natural material • Soil varies from place to place • It has horizons: A, B, and C– Topsoil, Subsoil, and Rocks

• Rain is very important to soil• Producing the worlds food depends on soil • Forests protect the soil from soil erosion,

provides habitats, and yields useful products– Wood, food, medicine, oil, and rubber

Soil ForestsImportance Provides mineral for

plants to grow and produce food

Provide wood, food, medicine, oils, and rubber

Challenges 1.) Soil Erosion with and without farmers2.) Soil exhaustion3.)Irrigation can lead to soil salinzation

Deforestation, logging for wood, cleaning for farmland

Solutions Contour PlanningCrop Rotation

Reforestation- planting new trees

Air and Water

• Key Terms– Acid Rain-polluted rain that can cause damage to

trees and kill fish in lakes– Aqueducts-artificial channels for transporting

water– Aquifers-rock layers where groundwater is

plentiful– Fossil Water- groundwater that is not replenished

by rain

Air and Water

• Living things depend on air and water• Pollution threatens our air supply• Maintaining clean water is a challenge to

some• Groundwater is important, people use this

water to survive

Factions and cars burn fuel increasing smoke

and fumes into the atmosphere

Factions and cars burn fuel increasing smoke

and fumes into the atmosphere

Air and WaterAir and WaterAcid Rain which can

damage trees and cut down trees\s and kill fish

Acid Rain which can damage trees and cut

down trees\s and kill fish

Mineral Resources

• Key Terms: – Ore-mineral bearing rock

• Minerals are solid substances that come from the ground

• Minerals can be used in many ways: construction, jewelry, and manufacturing

• Many products are made from recycled minerals

Resources UsesRock Blocks for buildingsMetals Airplanes, soft drink

cans, etc..Salt FoodGold Jewelry

Energy Resources • Terms: – Fossil Fuels – energy resources formed from the

remains of ancient plants and animals– Petrochemicals- certain products made from oil – Hydroelectric Power-electricity produced by moving

water– Geothermal Energy-heat of Earth’s interior

• Energy has become one of the most important nonrenewable resources

• New technologies have advanced energy as a resource

• Energy resources include coal, natural gas, and petroleum. They are also called fossil fuels

• Having plenty of fossil fuels is key for a country’s success

• Renewable resources include wind, water, heat, and solar energy

Resources Nonrenewable Renewable

Coal: Steam engines, electric power

X

Natural Gas: Generate Electricity

X

Petroleum (oil): Fuel X

Wind: Windmills X

Water: Hydroelectric Power, Dams

X

Heat: Geothermal Power

X

Solar Energy: Solar Panels

X