Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the...

35
1 !"#$%"& (") *%+&&+,- +, #./ 0"%1/&&$) 2."&/3 45#/,#+"& 678"1#) 5, #./ 95$%+)7 :15,57; 5< #./ 25$#./%, 9+/% =,>%/? @$7A"1. B 6,#%5>$1#+5, "#$ %&’($))*+ ,#&)$ -+ & .$/)/.-( 0/’1&2-/3 2#&2 )-$+ *34$’ )&’.$ 5/’2-/3+ /0 6$7 8/’9: ;$33+<)=&3-&: &34 >$+2 ?-’.-3-&: &34 +1&))$’ 5&’2+ /0 @#-/ &34 ?-’.-3-&A B/32&-3$4 7-2#-3 2#$ ,#&)$ 0/’1&2-/3 &’$ ’$+$’=$+ /0 3&2*’&) .&+: 7#-(# #&=$ /3)< ’$($32)< C$(/1$ ’$(/=$’&C)$ 4*$ 2/ & 5’/($++ 93/73 &+ #/’-D/32&) 4’-))-3. &34 #<4’&*)-( 0’&(2*’-3. EF0’&(9-3.GHA >#-)$ $+2-1&2$+ /0 2#$ 2/2&) *32&55$4 .&+ ’$+$’=$+ =&’< 7-4$)<: -2 -+ .$3$’&))< &.’$$4 2#&2 2#$< &’$ +-.3-0-(&32 I &+ 1&3< &+ JKK 2’-))-/3 (*C-( 0$$2 /0 .&+ 1-.#2 C$ ’$(/=$’$4 0’/1 2#$ 0/’1&2-/3: $3/*.# 3&2*’&) .&+ 2/ 1$$2 2#$ 4/1$+2-( 3$$4+ /0 2#$ L3-2$4 ,2&2$+ 0/’ /=$’ MK <$&’+ EN3.$)4$’ MKKOHA P’-))-3. -3 2#$ %&’($))*+ ,#&)$ #&+ Q*-(9)< C$(/1$ 2#$ ($32$’ /0 (/32’/=$’+< -3 6$7 8/’9R 5’/5/3$32+ &’.*$ 2#&2 .&+ 4$=$)/51$32 (/*)4 5’/=-4$ 1*(#I3$$4$4 S/C+: 2&T ’$=$3*$+: &34 ’/<&)2-$+ 0/’ )&34I/73$’+: &34 7/*)4 C$ & )/(&) +/*’($ 0/’ & 3&2*’&) ’$+/*’($ 2#&2 &((/*32+ 0/’ UKV /0 6$7 8/’9W+ 5/7$’ (/3+*152-/3A @55/3$32+ &’.*$ 2#&2 2#$ 0’&(9-3. 5’/($++ 5/+$+ & 4&3.$’ 2/ 2#$ )/(&) &34 ’$.-/3&) $3=-’/31$32 &34 2#’$&2$3+ 2/ (/32&1-3&2$ 2#$ +*’0&($ &34 .’/*34 7&2$’ ’$+$’=/-’+ 2#&2 +*55)< 4’-39-3. 7&2$’ 2/ (-2-$+ &34 (/11*3-2-$+ &(’/++ 2#$ +2&2$A >#-)$ 1*(# /0 2#$ 4$C&2$ /=$’ .&+ 4’-))-3. -3 2#$ %&’($))*+ ,#&)$ 0/(*+$+ /3 2#$ 5/2$32-&) $3=-’/31$32&) -15&(2+: 2#$’$ -+ &)+/ (/3($’3 2#&2 .&+ $T2’&(2-/3 7-)) (’$&2$ & FC//1IC*+2G $(/3/1-( 4$=$)/51$32 5&22$’3 +$$3 -3 1&3< ’$+/*’($ ’-(# ’$.-/3+ &34 (/*32’-$+ E$A.A X&(Q*$2 MKKO: Y&’2# MKZK: B#’-+2/5#$’+/3 MKZZHA ,#&)$ .&+ 4’-))-3. -3 +2&2$+ )-9$ ></1-3.: "$T&+: &34 ;$33+<)=&3-& #&+ #&4 +$’-/*+ $(/3/1-( (/3+$Q*$3($+ 0/’ &4S&($32 -34*+2’-$+ )-9$ &.’-(*)2*’$ &34 2/*’-+1: C$(&*+$ /0 2#$ 7-4$+5’$&4 -34*+2’-&) &(2-=-2< 2#&2 &((/15&3-$+ 4’-))-3.A "#-+ ’$5/’2 ($32$’+ /3 2#$ 5/2$32-&) -15&(2+ /0 .&+ 4’-))-3. /3 2#$ 2/*’-+1 -34*+2’< -3 2#$ 2#’$$I(/*32< ’$.-/3 +$’=$4 C< 2#$ ,/*2#$’3 "-$’ B$32’&) [$.-/3&) ;)&33-3. &34 P$=$)/51$32 Y/&’4 E,"BHA "/*’-+1 -+ &3 -15/’2&32 &34 4-=$’+$ +$(2/’ /0 2#$ $(/3/1< /0 2#$ ,/*2#$’3 "-$’: &34 *34$’+2&34-3. +/1$ /0 2#$ 5/2$32-&) -15&(2+ /0 .&+ 4’-))-3. /3 2#$ 2/*’-+1 -34*+2’< -+ -15/’2&32 0/’ C*+-3$++ /73$’+: $)$(2$4 /00-(-&)+: &34 5)&33$’+ (/3($’3$4 7-2# $(/3/1-( 4$=$)/51$32 -3 2#$ ’$.-/3A "#-+ 5&5$’ &44’$++$+ 2#’$$ 1&S/’ Q*$+2-/3+\ ZH >#&2 -+ 2#$ =&)*$ /0 2#$ 2/*’-+1 +$(2/’ 2/ 2#$ $(/3/1< /0 2#$ ,"B ’$.-/3] MH ^3 7#&2 7&<+ 1-.#2 .&+ 4’-))-3. -3 2#$ %&’($))*+ ,#&)$ -15&(2 2#$ 2/*’-+1 $(/3/1<: 3/7 &34 -32/ 2#$ 0*2*’$] UH ^0 .&+ 4’-))-3. (/*)4 Z ;’$5&’$4 0/’ 2#$ ,/*2#$’3 "-$’ B$32’&) [$.-/3&) ;)&33-3. &34 P$=$)/51$32 Y/&’4: 7-2# +*55/’2 0’/1 2#$ _55&)&(#-&3 [$.-/3&) B/11-++-/3A _34’$7 [*1C&(# -+ & 4/(2/’&) (&34-4&2$ -3 2#$ P$5&’21$32 /0 B-2< &34 [$.-/3&) ;)&33-3. &2 B/’3$)) L3-=$’+-2<A

description

Study authored by Cornell doctoral candidate Andrew Rumbach looking at potential impacts of Marcellus Shale gas drilling on the tourism industry in the Finger Lakes region of Central New York.

Transcript of Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the...

Page 1: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

1

!"#$%"&'(")'*%+&&+,-'+,'#./'0"%1/&&$)'2."&/3'45#/,#+"&'678"1#)'5,'#./'95$%+)7':15,57;'5<'#./'25$#./%,'9+/%'

'=,>%/?'@$7A"1.B'

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

Z!;'$5&'$4!0/'!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!B$32'&)![$.-/3&)!;)&33-3.!&34!P$=$)/51$32!Y/&'4:!7-2#!+*55/'2!0'/1!2#$!_55&)&(#-&3![$.-/3&)!B/11-++-/3A!_34'$7![*1C&(#!-+!&!4/(2/'&)!(&34-4&2$!-3!2#$!P$5&'21$32!/0!B-2<!&34![$.-/3&)!;)&33-3.!&2!B/'3$))!L3-=$'+-2<A!!!

Page 2: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

2

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`-3&))<:!+/1$!'$(/11$34&2-/3+!0/'!5/)-(<!&34!5)&33-3.!&'$!/00$'$4A!!'9./'29C'@/-+5,'!,"B!+$'=$+!B#$1*3.:!,(#*<)$':!&34!,2$*C$3!B/*32-$+:!-3!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!'$.-/3!/0!*5+2&2$!6$7!8/'9A!"#$!'$.-/3!$3(/15&++$+!M:ZJZ!+Q*&'$!1-)$+!&34!#&+!C/2#!*'C&3!&34!'*'&)!(/11*3-2-$+A!^2!-+!#/1$!2/!+$=$'&)!+1&))!(-2-$+!&34!2/73+:!-3()*4-3.!Y&2#:!B/'3-3.:!N)1-'&:!>&29-3+!a)$3I%/32/*'!`&))+:!b/'3$)):!&34!>&<)&34:!&+!7$))!&+!1/'$!2#&3!M:UKK!0&'1+!EL,P_!MKKcHA!!!

!D+-$%/'B3'9./'29C'%/-+5,'25$%1/3'9./'!/?'E5%F'2#"#/'(62'C&/"%+,-.5$)/G'0"8'1%/"#/>'A;'"$#.5%'5,'HIBHIJKBB''

Page 3: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

3

'*"#"'",>'0/#.5>)'!"#-+!'$5/'2!-+!C&+$4!/3!-30/'1&2-/3!&34!4&2&!/C2&-3$4!0'/1!2#$!0/))/7-3.!+/*'($+\!!

ZA ;*C)-+#$4!'$5/'2+:!3$7+!&'2-()$+:!&34!+2*4-$+!'$)&2$4!2/!.&+!4'-))-3.!-3!2#$!%&'($))*+!,#&)$!

MA P&2&!0'/1!2#$!LA,A!B$3+*+:!2#$!_1$'-(&3!B/11*3-2<!,*'=$<:!B/*32<!Y*+-3$++!;&22$'3+:!&34!/2#$'!+/*'($+!0/'!-30/'1&2-/3!'$)$=&32!2/!.&+!4'-))-3.!&34!2/*'-+1!

UA a$/+5&2-&)!4&2&!0'/1!2#$!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!a^,!B)$&'-3.#/*+$!&+!7$))!&+!&.$3(<!+/*'($+!

dA ^32$'=-$7+!7-2#!5*C)-(!/00-(-&)+:!.&+!4'-))-3.!$T5$'2+:!/'.&3-D&2-/3+:!&4=/(&(<!.'/*5+:!C*+-3$++!/73$'+!&34!/5$'&2/'+:!&34!/2#$'!)/(&)!+2&9$#/)4$'+!E+$$!_55$34-T!_H!

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`-'+2:!2#$!6/'2#$'3!"-$':!&34!;$33+<)=&3-&!.$3$'&))<:!#&+!+$$3!7-4$+5'$&4!.&+!4'-))-3.!+-3($!MKKc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

Page 4: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

4

2/!&++*1$!2#&2!4'-))-3.!7-))!C$!7-4$+5'$&4!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!$+5$(-&))<!-3!B#$1*3.!&34!,2$*C$3!(/*32-$+A!!!

!D+-$%/'J3'9./'0"%1/&&$)'2."&/'D5%7"#+5,'25$%1/3'9./'=7/%+1",'=))51+"#+5,'5<'4/#%5&/$7'(/5&5-+)#)''6&2*'&)!.&+!4'-))-3.!-+!($'2&-3)<!3/2!3$7!2/!2#$!'$.-/3A!_((/'4-3.!2/!2#$!_33*&)![$5/'2!/0!2#$!P-=-+-/3!/0!%-3$'&)![$+/*'($+!/0!2#$!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!P$5&'21$32!/0!B/3+$'=&2-/3:!B#$1*3.:!,(#*<)$':!&34!,2$*C$3!B/*32-$+!&'$!&))!-3!2#$!2/5!ZK!.&+!5'/4*(-3.!(/*32-$+!/0!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!E68!PNB!MKKeR!Y&'2#!MKZKHA!_+!/0!MKKe:!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!#&4!fO!&(2-=$)<!5'/4*(-3.!=$'2-(&))<!4'-))$4!.&+!7$))+:!7#-)$!B#$1*3.!B/*32<!#&4!dU!&34!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<!ZeA!!!"#/*.#!#/'-D/32&)!4'-))-3.!&34!#<4'/0'&(2*'-3.!&'$!3/2!5$'1-22$4!-3!6$7!8/'9:!&!3*1C$'!/0!(/3=$32-/3&):!=$'2-(&)!.&+!7$))+!#&=$!C$$3!4'-))$4!/'!5$'1-22$4!-3!2#$!6$7!8/'9!5/'2-/3+!/0!2#$!%&'($))*+!0/'1&2-/3A!_((/'4-3.!2/!2#$!68PNB:!eK!5$'1-2+!#&=$!C$$3!-++*$4!0/'!=$'2-(&)!.&+!4'-))-3.!-3!2#$!%&'($))*+!0/'1&2-/3!-3!2#$!,"B!E&+!/0!`$C'*&'<!MKZZH:!MU!/0!7#-(#!&'$!(*''$32)<!5'/4*(-3.!.&+AM!!!b/'-D/32&)!4'-))-3.!/0!2#$!%&'($))*+!,#&)$:!#/7$=$':!-+!1*(#!4-00$'$32!2#&3!2#$!.&+!4'-))-3.!2'&4-2-/3&))<!4/3$!-3!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!EX&(Q*$2!MKZZHA!Y$(&*+$!#/'-D/32&)!.&+! M!`/'!2#$!1/+2!*5I2/I4&2$!-30/'1&2-/3!&=&-)&C)$!/3!7$))!5$'1-2+:!7$))!5'/4*(2-/3:!&34!=/)*1$+!/0!.&+!5'/4*($4:!=-+-2!#225\gg777A+2(5)&33-3.A/'.g-34$TA&+5]5&.$^4hZJU!&34!#225\gg777A4$(A3<A./=g(01Tg$T2&55+ga&+@-)g+$&'(#g7$))+g-34$TA(01A!

Page 5: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

5

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cIMKKe\!!

'D+-$%/'N3'4/%7+##/>'?/&&)'+,'O%"><5%>'C5$,#;P'4='QJKKRSJKBKT'25$%1/3'4='*:4P'O%"><5%>'C5$,#;'''"#$!5'/)-0$'&2-/3!/0!7$))+!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<!1-''/'+!&!2'$34!#&55$3-3.!-3!1*(#!/0!3/'2#$&+2!&34!+/*2#7$+2!;$33+<)=&3-&:!&34!2/!&!)$++$'!$T2$32:!1/+2!/0!2#$!+2&2$AU!!"#$!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!P$5&'21$32!/0!N3=-'/31$32&)!B/3+$'=&2-/3W+!E68PNBH!P'&02!,*55)$1$32&)!a$3$'-(!N3=-'/31$32&)!^15&(2!,2&2$1$32!E,a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a-=$3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3W+!)/(&2-/3!-3!2#$! U!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<!-+!&C/=$!/3$!/0!+$=$'&)!F+7$$2!+5/2+G!-3!2#$!%&'($))*+!0/'1&2-/3!*34$'!;$33+<)=&3-&:!7#$'$!.&+!5'/4*(2-/3!-+!5'/3/*3($4A!`/'!&3!&3-1&2$4!1&5!/0!%&'($))*+!+#&)$!5$'1-2+!-++*$4!-3!;$33+<)=&3-&!+2&2$7-4$:!+$$!#225\gg777A1&'($))*+A5+*A$4*g-1&.$+g7$))i&3-1&2-/3A.-0A!

Page 6: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

6

%&'($))*+!0&-'7&<!&34!-2+!5'/T-1-2<!2/!2#$!$Q*-51$32!&34!)&C/'!0/'($!-3!;$33+<)=&3-&:!-2!7/*)4!+$$1!5'*4$32!2/!5)&3!0/'!7-4$+5'$&4!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!/=$'!2#$!(/*'+$!/0!2#$!3$T2!4$(&4$A!!!'95$%+)7'+,'#./'29C'%/-+5,'!"#$!,"B!'$.-/3!#&+!&!4-=$'+$!'&3.$!/0!2/*'-+1!&++$2+:!C/2#!*'C&3!&34!'*'&)!-3!(#&'&(2$'A!"#$!B/'3-3.!%*+$*1!/0!a)&++:!5$'#&5+!2#$!1/+2!7$))!93/73!/0!2#$!'$.-/3W+!2/*'-+1!4$+2-3&2-/3+:!&22'&(2+!#*34'$4+!/0!2#/*+&34+!/0!=-+-2/'+!2/!B/'3-3.!5$'!<$&'A!"#$!>-3.+!/0!N&.)$+!P-+(/=$'<!B$32$'!E0/'1$')<!(&))$4!2#$!6&2-/3&)!>&'5)&3$!%*+$*1H!-3!b/'+$#$&4+:!2#$!B$32$'!0/'!%&'9!"7&-3!,2*4-$+!&2!N)1-'&!B/))$.$:!&34!2#$!>&29-3+!a)$3!^32$'3&2-/3&)!&'$!&1/3.!2#$!1&3<!&22'&(2-/3+!-3!2#$!'$.-/3A!"#$!&'$&!-+!&)+/!93/73!0/'!-2+!'*'&)!2/*'-+1!4$+2-3&2-/3+:!)-9$!2#$!6&2-/3&)!,/&'-3.!%*+$*1:!2#$!6$72/73!Y&22)$0-$)4!,2&2$!;&'9:!&34!1&3<!7&2$'0&))+:!-3()*4-3.!"-39$'!`&))+:!>&29-3+!a)$3!,2&2$!;&'9:!&34!,2/3<!Y'//9!,2&2$!;&'9A!!"#$'$!&'$!&!#/+2!/0!/*24//'!'$('$&2-/3&)!&34!+5/'2-3.!=$3*$+!-3!2#$!'$.-/3:!0'/1!#*32-3.!&34!0-+#-3.!2/!(&15-3.!&34!C-'4!7&2(#-3.A!,$3$(&!j&9$!-3!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<!&34!k$*9&!j&9$!-3!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!/00$'!3*1$'/*+!C/&2-3.!&34!7&2$'!+5/'2+!/55/'2*3-2-$+A!!"#$!2/*'-+1!FC'&34G!/0!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!-+!=$'<!1*(#!-32$'27-3$4!7-2#!&.'-(*)2*'$R!'/))-3.!#-))+:!+($3-(!0&'1)&34+:!'*'&)!=-+2&+:!&34!=-2-(*)2*'$!&'$!1&S/'!(/32'-C*2/'+!2/!2#$!2/*'-+1!4'&7!#$'$A!`&'1$'+!1&'9$2+:!&.'-(*)2*'&)!0&-'+:!&34!0&1-)<I/73$4!'$+2&*'&32+!(&3!C$!0/*34!-3!&)1/+2!$=$'<!2/73!&34!(-2<A!"#$!`-3.$'!j&9$+!7-3$!-34*+2'<!#&+!'&5-4)<!C$(/1$!/3$!/0!2#$!1/+2!5/5*)&'!7-3$!4$+2-3&2-/3+!-3!2#$!$&+2$'3!L3-2$4!,2&2$+:!7-2#!4/D$3+!/0!=-3$<&'4+:!2&+2-3.!'//1+:!&34!C$4!l!C'$&90&+2+!2#&2!+2'$2(#!0'/1!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!(/*32-$+!2/!3/'2#!/0!2#$!`-3.$'!j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e!=-+-2/'+!+5$32!1/'$!2#&3!mMUO!1-))-/3!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!&('/++!&!4-=$'+$!'&3.$!/0!+$(2/'+!-3()*4-3.!0//4!&34!C$=$'&.$:!)/4.-3.:!'$2&-)!&34!+$'=-($!+2&2-/3+:!2'&3+5/'2&2-/3:!'$('$&2-/3:!&34!+$(/34!#/1$+Ad!?-+-2/'!+5$34-3.!-3('$&+$4!-3!&))!2#'$$!,"B!(/*32-$+!0'/1!MKKcIMKKe:!<$&'!/=$'!<$&'\!C<!ZKAfV!-3!B#$1*3.!B/*32<:!MAOV!-3!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<:!&34!ZMAeV!-3!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!E"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!MKKO:!5A!MeHA!!! d!,5$34-3.!=&'-$4!+-.3-0-(&32)<!&('/++!(/*32-$+\!B#$1*3.!EmeOAM!1-))-/3H:!,(#*<)$'!EmMfAd!1-))-/3H!&34!,2$*C$3!EmZMUAJ!1-))-/3HA!,$$!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!EMKKOH:!5A!MJA!

Page 7: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

7

!!"#$%&"'()*+(,*-+.'/*!"#$!2/*'-+1!&34!2'&=$)!+$(2/'!&((/*32$4!0/'!U:UUJ!4-'$(2!S/C+!&34!3$&')<!mff!1-))-/3!-3!)&C/'!-3(/1$!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3!-3!MKKeA!>#$3!-34-'$(2!&34!-34*($4!$15)/<1$32!-+!(/3+-4$'$4:!2#$!2/*'-+1!+$(2/'!7&+!'$+5/3+-C)$!0/'!d:fOZ!S/C+!&34!mZZUAJ!1-))-/3!-3!)&C/'!-3(/1$!E+$$!"&C)$+!Z!&34!MHAJ!"/*'-+1!&((/*32$4!0/'!Z:OMU!4-'$(2:!-34-'$(2:!/'!-34*($4!S/C+!-3!B#$1*3.!B/*32<!-3!MKKe:!/'!cAMV!/0!&))!S/C+A!^3!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<:!2/*'-+1!&((/*32$4!0/'!JfM!S/C+:!/'!ZZAcV!/0!2#$!2/2&)A!^3!,2$*C$3!B/*32<:!-2!&((/*32$4!0/'!M:MKf!S/C+:!/'!JAOV!/0!&))!S/C+A!!!

9%"M/&'V'95$%+)73''=&&'6,>$)#%;'(%5$8)'JKKRW'

=%/"'*+%/1#'' 95#"&'X5A)Y'

Z'2."%/''Q*+%/1#T'

Z'2."%/'Q95#"&T'

B#$1*3.! Z:dMZ!! Z:OMU! JAKV! cAMV!

,(#*<)$'! UeO!! JfM! eAZV! ZZAcV!

,2$*C$3! Z:JMJ! M:MKf! dAZV! JAOV!

29C'@/-+5,' U:UUJ! d:fOZ! dAcV! fAcV!

9"A&/'B3'*+%/1#'",>'95#"&':78&5;7/,#'+,'#./'95$%+)7'2/1#5%P'JKKR'25$%1/3'95$%+)7':15,57+1)'QJKK[T'''''''

J!"/!'$&(#!2#$+$!0-.*'$+:!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!*+$4![$.-/3&)!N(/3/1-(!^30/'1&2-/3!,<+2$1!E[N^,H!4&2&!0'/1!2#$!Y*'$&*!/0!N(/3/1-(!_3&)<+-+:!LA,A!P$5&'21$32!/0!j&C/'A!"/!4$2$'1-3$!4-'$(2:!-34-'$(2:!&34!-34*($4!-15&(2+!/0!2/*'-+1!/3!$15)/<1$32!&34!7&.$+:!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!*+$4!2#$!^6;j_6!-35*2I/*25*2!1/4$)!0/'!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$A!`/'!&!(/15)$2$!4$+('-52-/3!/0!4&2&!&34!1$2#/4+:!+$$!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!MKKO!E5A!UOHA!f!"#$+$!+2&2-+2-(+!)-9$)<!0(,'1'/)2"+)'!2#$!=&)*$!/0!2/*'-+1!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!C$(&*+$!2#$<!4/!3/2!-3()*4$!=-3$<&'4+!&34!7-3$!5'/4*(2-/3:!&!1&S/'!$1$'.-3.!-34*+2'<!-3!2#$!&'$&A!,$$!4-+(*++-/3!0/))/7-3.A!c!"/2&)!S/C+!-3()*4$!4-'$(2:!-34-'$(2:!&34!-34*($4!$15)/<1$32A!P-'$(2!$15)/<1$32!-+!&22'-C*2$4!2/!5$'+/3+!&34!(/15&3-$+!4-'$(2)<!5'/=-4-3.!.//4+!&34!+$'=-($+!2/!2'&=$)$'+A!^34-'$(2!$15)/<1$32!-+!+$(/34&'<!$15)/<1$32!-3!2#$!+*55)-$'+!/0!.//4+!&34!+$'=-($+!2/!2#$!4-'$(2!$15)/<1$32!(/15&3-$+A!^34*($4!$15)/<1$32!-+!&!+#&'$!/0!2#$!2$'2-&'<!C$3$0-2!2/!2#$!)/(&)!$(/3/1<!&+!-3(/1$+!-3!2#$!5'$=-/*+!27/!)$=$)+!/0!$15)/<1$32!&'$!+5$32!/3!.//4+!&34!+$'=-($+!-3!2#$!)/(&)!$(/3/1<A!`/'!$T&15)$:!7#$3!&!'$+2&*'&32!$15)/<$$!+5$34+!#-+!7&.$+!&2!2#$!.'/($'<!+2/'$:!-2!.$3$'&2$+!&44-2-/3&)!$15)/<1$32!&34!$(/3/1-(!/*25*2A!,$$!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!MKKO!E5A!UOHA!

Page 8: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

8

\"A5%'6,157/'S'9%"M/&'V'95$%+)7'JKKR'

=%/"'*+%/1#' 95#"&'

2."%/''Q*+%/1#T'

2."%/'Q95#"&T'

B#$1*3.! mMc:MJJ:KKK!! mdf:UMf:KKK! MAKV! UAdV!

,(#*<)$'! mf:fUO:KKK! mZZ:MeJ:KKK! dAfV! cAOV!

,2$*C$3! mUM:eOJ:KKK! mJJ:OZM:KKK! ZAOV! UAMV!

29C'@/-+5,' mff:ceO:KKK! mZZU:JMU:KKK! MAZV! UAJV!

9"A&/'J3'\"A5%'6,157/'-/,/%"#/>'A;'#./'#5$%+)7')/1#5%P'JKKR'25$%1/3'95$%+)7':15,57+1)'QJKK[T'!_((/'4-3.!2/!2#$!6$7!8/'9!P@j:!OU!-34-=-4*&)!0-'1+!/5$'&2$4!-3!2#$!"'&=$)!&34!"/*'-+1!+$(2/'!-3!MKZKA!!"#-+!4/$+!3/2!-3()*4$!+/)$!5'/5'-$2/'+#-5+:!7#-(#!1&<!-3('$&+$!2#$!3*1C$'!/0!0-'1+!C<!&+!1*(#!&+!MKV!E+$$!68P@j!EMKZZH!&34!"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!MKKO:!5A!UfHA!!N15)/<1$32!3*1C$'+!0/'!2#$!2/*'-+1!&34!2'&=$)!-34*+2'-$+!$T()*4$!7-3$!5'/4*(2-/3!&34!=-3$<&'4+:!C$(&*+$!2#$<!&'$!2'&4-2-/3&))<!-3()*4$4!-3!1$&+*'$+!/0!2#$!0//4!5'/($++-3.!+$(2/'!/0!2#$!$(/3/1<A!>-3$!&34!7-3$!2/*'-+1!-+!&3!$1$'.-3.!-34*+2'<!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!#/7$=$':!&34!$15)/<1$32!-3!2#$!-34*+2'<!-+!)&'.$)<!4'-=$3!C<!2/*'-+1!4/))&'+A!_((/'4-3.!2/!2#$!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!P$5&'21$32!/0!j&C/':!Ze!0-'1+!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3!7$'$!()&++-0-$4!&+!F7-3$'-$+G!-3!MKZK!&34!$15)/<$4!McJ!5$/5)$A!_3!&44-2-/3&)!e!0-'1+!7$'$!()&++-0-$4!&+!F.'&5$!=-3$<&'4+G!&34!$15)/<$4!fU!5$/5)$Ae!!!3+4*5'6'(0'/*!"/*'-+1!-+!&)+/!&3!-15/'2&32!+/*'($!/0!'$=$3*$!0/'!+2&2$!&34!)/(&)!./=$'31$32+R!-3!MKKe:!2/*'-+1!-3!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!.$3$'&2$4!1/'$!2#&3!mc!C-))-/3!-3!+2&2$!&34!)/(&)!2&T!'$=$3*$+!E"/*'-+1!N(/3/1-(+!MKKOHA!^3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!2#$!2'&=$)!&34!2/*'-+1!+$(2/'!.$3$'&2$4!3$&')<!mZf!1-))-/3!-3!+2&2$!2&T$+!&34!mZJ!1-))-/3!-3!)/(&)!2&T$+:!0/'!&!2/2&)!/0!&)1/+2!mUZ!1-))-/3!-3!2&T!'$=$3*$A!"#-+!$Q*&2$+!2/!&!2&T!C$3$0-2!/0!mZ:ZeZ!5$'!#/*+$#/)4!-3!2#$!'$.-/3A!

e!N+2-1&2-/3+!7$'$!1&4$!*+-3.!4&2&!0'/1!2#$!n*&'2$')<!B$3+*+!/0!N15)/<1$32!&34!>&.$+!EnBN>H:!-3!2#$!fI4-.-2!(&2$./'-$+!/0!>-3$'-$+!EUZMZUKH!&34!a'&5$!?-3$<&'4+!EZZZUUMHA!!

Page 9: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

9

'!

9%"M/&'V'95$%+)73''=&&'6,>$)#%;'(%5$8)'JKKR''

=%/"'2#"#/'9"]/)' \51"&'9"]/)' 95#"&'

@/-+5,'2."%/'

B#$1*3.! mJ:eKJ:eOd! mJ:JJM:OJK! mZZ:UJe:edd! UfAOV!

,(#*<)$'! mZ:cfZ:MJe! mZ:fdM:KUK! mU:dKU:Mee! ZZAZV!

,2$*C$3! me:UMJ:JMd! mc:fOU:deO! mZf:KZO:KZU! JMAKV!

29C'@/-+5,' mZJ:eOM:fcf! mZd:eee:dfO! mUK:ceZ:ZdJ! ZKKV!

9"A&/'N3'2#"#/'",>'\51"&'9"]/)'-/,/%"#/>'A;'#./'#5$%+)7')/1#5%P'JKKR'25$%1/3'95$%+)7':15,57+1)'QJKK[T'!72/80//2%(**"#/*.#!2#$!2/*'-+1!+$(2/'!('$&2$+!&!+-.3-0-(&32!3*1C$'!/0!S/C+!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!-2!-+!)-9$)<!2#&2!2#$!=&)*$!/0!.&+!4'-))-3.:!1$&+*'$4!+-15)<!C<!S/C+!('$&2$4!&34!7&.$+!.$3$'&2$4:!7-))!$T($$4!2#$!=&)*$!/0!2/*'-+1!-3!2#$!+#/'2!2$'1A!^2!-+!&)+/!)-9$)<!2#&2!1&3<!2/*'-+1!'$)&2$4!C*+-3$++$+:!-3()*4-3.!#/2$)+:!'$+2&*'&32+:!&34!+#/55-3.!=$3*$+:!7/*)4!C$3$0-2!0'/1!2#$!-30)*T!/0!.&+!7/'9$'+A!"#$+$!/C+$'=&2-/3+!(/1$!7-2#!27/!1&S/'!(&=$&2+:!#/7$=$'A!!!`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d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

Page 10: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

10

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a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g1/2$)!'//1+:![?!5&'9+:!(&15.'/*34+:!&34!/2#$'!+#/'2I2$'1!&((/11/4&2-/3+!-3!2#$!'$.-/3A!a-=$3!2#&2!1&3<!4'-))-3.I5#&+$!7/'9$'+!&'$!2'&3+-2/'<:!2#$<!&'$!)$++!)-9$)<!2/!5*'(#&+$!#/1$+!/'!&=&-)!2#$1+$)=$+!/0!)/3.I2$'1!&((/11/4&2-/3+A!_+!&!'$+*)2:!$=$3!&!0$7!2#/*+&34!7/'9$'+!(&3!/=$'7#$)1!2#$!(&''<-3.!(&5&(-2<!/0!'*'&)!(/11*3-2-$+!&34!Q*-(9)<!2-$!*5!#/2$)!'//1+!-3!1*(#!)&'.$'!(-2-$+!EX&(Q*$2:!5$'+/3&)!(/11*3-(&2-/3!MKZZHA!`/'!$T&15)$:!.&+!4'-))-3.!#&+!C$$3!&!C//3!0/'!#/2$)+!&34!1/2$)+!-3!3/'2#$'3!;$33+<)=&3-&:!&+!/((*5&3(<!'&2$+!#&=$!+/&'$4!2/!/=$'!OJV:!4$+5-2$!2#$!3&2-/37-4$!'$($++-/3A!,/1$!C*+-3$++$+:!)-9$!2#$!"/7&34&!%/2$)!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!#&=$!C$(/1$!(/15)$2$)<!/((*5-$4!C<!.&+!7/'9$'+:!&34!1/+2!#&=$!&!+-.3-0-(&32!.&+!7/'9$'!5'$+$3($AZM!! O!`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b/2$)!'//1+!&'$!

Page 11: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

11

!"#$!-30)*T!/0!.&+!7/'9$'+!2$34+!2/!+2'$++!/2#$'!2<5$+!/0!+#/'2I2$'1!&34!&00/'4&C)$!&((/11/4&2-/3+!&+!7$))A!Y$(&*+$!2#$!C*+<!+$&+/3!0/'!4'-))-3.!-+!4*'-3.!2#$!7&'1$'!1/32#+:!1&3<!.&+!7/'9$'+!0-34!&((/11/4&2-/3!-3!'$('$&2-/3&)!&'$&+:!)-9$![?!5&'9+:!(&15.'/*34+:!&34!=&(&2-/3!'$32&)+A!L30/'2*3&2$)<:!2#-+!(/-3(-4$+!7-2#!5$&9!2'&=$)!&34!2/*'-+1!4$1&34!0/'!2#$!+&1$!&1$3-2-$+!E0/'!$=-4$3($!0'/1!></1-3.:!+$$!X&(Q*$2!MKKfHA!!!N=$3!&+!.&+!7/'9$'+!#&=$!0-))$4!2#$+$!2$15/'&'<!&((/11/4&2-/3+!&('/++!3/'2#$'3!;$33+<)=&3-&:!4$1&34!-+!+2-))!/*2+2'-55-3.!+*55)<A!%&3<!#/2$)+!-3!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!/0!6$7!8/'9!&'$!3/7!#/*+-3.!.&+!7/'9$'+:!&34!B#$+&5$&9$!N3$'.<!#&+!'$($32)<!(/15)$2$4!&!mc!1-))-/3!F1&3!(&15G!-3!_2#$3+!"/73+#-5:!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!2/!&))$=-&2$!2#$!&(*2$!#/*+-3.!+#/'2&.$!E[*C-39&1!MKZKHA!!!`/'!2#$!2/*'-+1!5)&33$'+!&34!/00-(-&)+:!+$=$'&)!1&S/'!(/3($'3+!#&=$!$1$'.$4A!`-'+2:!#-.#!/((*5&3(<!'&2$+!-3!#/2$)+:!1/2$)+:!(&15.'/*34+:!&34!/2#$'!)/(&2-/3+!1&9$!-2!1/'$!4-00-(*)2!0/'!=-+-2/'+!2/!0-34!&((/11/4&2-/3+A!"#-+!-+!$+5$(-&))<!7/''-+/1$!4*'-3.!1&S/'!0$+2-=&)+!&34!$=$32+:!7#$3!&!)&'.$!-30)*T!/0!=-+-2/'+!-+!$T5$(2$4A!`/'!$T&15)$:!;$33+<)=&3-&!#/2$)+!7$'$!0/'($4!2/!2*'3!&7&<!&22$34$$+!/0!2#$!j-22)$!j$&.*$!>/')4!,$'-$+!-3!MKZK!EY$&*.$!MKZKHA!>#-)$!+/1$!.&+!7/'9$'+!4-4!2$15/'&'-)<!=&(&2$!#/2$)+!2/!1&9$!'//1!0/'!j-22)$!j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dH!7/'9$'+!/02$3!+)$$5!-3!+#-02+:!+/!2#$!'//1!-+!-3!(/32-3*/*+!*+$A!!!!"#-'4:!-2!-+!)-9$)<!2#&2!#/2$)!&34!1/2$)!(/15&3-$+!7-))!C*-)4!&44-2-/3&)!(&5&(-2<!-3!2#$!'$.-/3!2/!1$$2!2#$!.'/7-3.!4$1&34!0'/1!2#$!3&2*'&)!.&+!7/'90/'($!E$-2#$'!2#'/*.#!#/2$)g1/2$)!$T5&3+-/3!/'!(/3+2'*(2-/3!/0!3$7!)/(&2-/3+AH!"#$'$!-+!&!(/3($'3!2#&2!+*(#!(/3+2'*(2-/3!7-))!)$&=$!2#$!'$.-/3!7-2#!&!.)*2!/0!(/'5/'&2$)<!/73$4!#/2$)! /02$3!*+$4!0/'!2$15/'&'<!+#$)2$'-3.:!&34!)&(9!/0!&=&-)&C-)-2<!#&+!('$&2$4!5'/C)$1+!-3!2/73+!3$&'!.&+!5)&<+!E-A$A!X&(Q*$2!MKKfHA!!

Page 12: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

12

'//1+!/3($!2#$!FC//1G!5$'-/4!/0!4'-))-3.!-+!/=$'A!_3!/=$'+*55)<!/0!'//1+!(/*)4!)$&4!2/!&'2-0-(-&))<!4$5'$++$4!5'-($+!2#&2!(/*)4:!-3!2*'3:!1&9$!-2!4-00-(*)2!0/'!C$4!&34!C'$&90&+2+!&34!/2#$'!-34$5$34$32)<!/73$4!C*+-3$++$+!2/!(/15$2$!&34!+*'=-=$A!!!!@557'9"]'!_!+$(/34:!&34!'$)&2$4:!-++*$!4$&)+!7-2#!2#$!(/))$(2-/3!/0!'//1!E/((*5&3(<H!2&T$+A!"#$!'//1!2&T!-+!(/))$(2$4!/3!&))!#/2$)!&34!1/2$)!'//1!+&)$+!-3!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$:!&34!-+!)$=-$4!&2!C/2#!2#$!+2&2$!&34!(/*32<!)$=$)A!!_2!2#$!(/*32<!)$=$):!2#$!'&2$!&34!(/34-2-/3+!/0!2#$!2&T!&'$!$+2&C)-+#$4!C<!(/*32<!)$.-+)&2*'$+!C*2!2$34!2/!C$!=$'<!+-1-)&'A!"#-+!2&T!-+!-3!&44-2-/3!2/!+2&2$!&34!)/(&)!+&)$+!2&T$+:!7#-(#!&)+/!1&<!C$!&44$4!2/!2#$!C&+$!5'-($!/0!&!'//1A!!![$=$3*$+!0'/1!'//1!2&T$+!&'$!('*(-&)!2/!2#$!2/*'-+1!+$(2/'!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3A!"#$<!0*34!2/*'-+1!4$=$)/51$32!/00-($+:!-3()*4-3.!+2&00!+&)&'-$+!&34!2/*'-+1!5'/1/2-/3:!&34!+/1$2-1$+!#$)5!2/!+*C+-4-D$!/'!-3(*C&2$!$=$32+A![$=$3*$+!&'$!&)+/!*+$4!2/!-3=$+2!-3:!/'!5&<!4/73!4$C2!/3:!2/*'-+1!0&(-)-2-$+A!!"#$!9$<!&'$&!/0!(/3($'3!-+!2#$!F5$'1&3$32!'$+-4$32!$T()*+-/3:G!&!+2-5*)&2-/3!-3!C/2#!+2&2$!+2&2*2$!&34!(/*32<!/'4-3&3($!2#&2!$T$152+!-34-=-4*&)+!7#/!/((*5<!#/2$)g1/2$)!'//1+!0/'!1/'$!2#&3!&!2#'$+#/)4!3*1C$'!/0!(/3+$(*2-=$!4&<+!EOK!4&<+!0/'!2#$!+2&2$!2&T!-3!6$7!8/'9:!UK!4&<+!0/'!1/+2!(/*32-$+H!0'/1!5&<-3.!2#$!'//1!2&TA!"#-+!$T()*+-/3!2<5-(&))<!$T$152+!2#$!#/2$)!'$+-4$32!0'/1!5&<-3.!2#$!2&T!0/'!2#$!'()21'!5$'-/4!/0!2#$-'!+2&<AZU!!!^3!21.$;&/%'C5$,#;:!2#$!'//1!2&T!'&2$!-+!dV!E-3('$&+$4!0'/1!MV!-3!MKKJHA!"#$!2&T!.$3$'&2$4!mMdM:ddf!-3!MKKe!&34!mMOJ:ZJU!-3!MKKO!&34!-+!5'/S$(2$4!2/!.$3$'&2$!1/'$!2#&3!mUMJ:KKK!-3!MKZZ!E,(#*<)$'!B/*32<!MKZZHA!!!^3!2#/$A/,'C5$,#;:!2#$!'//1!2&T!'&2$!-+!&)+/!dVA!"#$!2&T!.$3$'&2$4!mfeJ:Ufe!-3!MKKf!&34!mfeK:JMe!-3!MKKcA!^3!MKKe:!2#$!)&+2!<$&'!2#&2!-30/'1&2-/3!-+!&=&-)&C)$:!1/'$!2#&3!mcKK:KKK!-3!'$=$3*$!7&+!$T5$(2$4!E,2$*C$3!B/*32<!MKKeHA!^3!MKKc:!'//1!2&T!'$=$3*$+!+*55/'2$4!&!#/+2!/0!2/*'-+1!4$=$)/51$32!&(2-=-2-$+:!-3()*4-3.!0*34-3.!2#$!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!B/30$'$3($!&34!?-+-2/'+!B$32$':!2#$!`-3.$'!j&9$+!"/*'-+1!_))-&3($:!2#$!P&-'<!`$+2-=&):!2#$!_[",!/0!"#$!,/*2#$'3!`-3.$'!j&9$+:!&34!2#$!`-3.$'!j&9$+!>-3$!"/*'-+1!%&'9$2-3.!_++/(-&2-/3!E,2$*C$3!B/*32<!"'$&+*'$'!MKKeHA!!^3!C./7$,-'C5$,#;:!2#$!'//1!2&T!'&2$!-+!d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`A!

Page 13: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

13

.&+!-34*+2'<!#&+!F(#/+$3!oB#$1*3.p!B/*32<!&+!&!#*C!/0!/5$'&2-/3+G!EB#$1*3.!B/*32<!MKZZHA!"#$!2&T!C'/*.#2!-3!&55'/T-1&2$)<!mJfJ:KKK!-3!'$=$3*$!-3!MKZK:!&34!-+!$T5$(2$4!2/!'&-+$!mcKK:KKK!-3!MKZZAZd!!!a&+!(/15&3-$+!7#/!#/*+$!2#$-'!7/'9$'+!-3!#/2$)+g1/2$)+!/02$3!C//9!2#$!'//1+!-3!)/3.I2$'1!C)/(9+!2/!2&9$!&4=&32&.$!/0!2#$!$T()*+-/3A!`/'!$T&15)$:!-3!></1-3.!B/*32<:!;_:!7#-(#!-+!4-'$(2)<!&4S&($32!2/!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_:!1/'$!2#&3!JKV!/0!2#$!#/2$)!/((*5&32+!7$'$!0&))-3.!*34$'!2#$!FUKI4&<G!$T()*+-/3!-3!)&2$!MKZK:!&34!7$'$!2#*+!$T$152!0'/1!2#$!'//1!2&TA!_((/'4-3.!2/!)/(&)!+/*'($+:!2#-+!7&+!4*$!&)1/+2!$32-'$)<!2/!2#$!-30)*T!/0!.&+!7/'9$'+A!,/:!7#-)$!.&+!4'-))-3.!#&+!C$$3!&!C//3!0/'!3/'2#$'3!;_!#/2$)+!-3!.$3$'&):!'//1!2&T!'$=$3*$+!&'$!)&..-3.!0&'!C$#-34!7#$'$!2#$<!7/*)4!2<5-(&))<!C$!7-2#!+*(#!#-.#!/((*5&3(<!'&2$+!E,(#-))-3.$'!MKZKHA!"#$!+&1$!-++*$!-+!)-9$)<!2/!&'-+$!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!*3)$++!(/*32<!'//1!2&T!)&7+!&'$!(#&3.$4A!!!U+)$"&'678"1#)'!;&'2!/0!2#$!&55$&)!/0!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3!&+!&!2/*'-+1!4$+2-3&2-/3!-+!2#$!'*'&)!(#&'&(2$'!/0!-2+!)&34+(&5$R!'/))-3.!#-))+:!5'-+2-3$!0/'$+2+:!&34!0&'1)&34+!('$&2$!-3('$4-C)$!=-$7I+#$4+!&('/++!2#$!&'$&A!"#$'$!-+!.'$&2!(/3($'3!2#&2!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!7-))!1&'!2#-+!*3-Q*$!=-+*&)!)&34+(&5$A!!!"#$!=-+*&)!-15&(2+!/0!4'-))-3.!&'$!+/1$7#&2!)/(&)-D$4!&'/*34!2#$!4-00$'$32!+-2$+!&++/(-&2$4!7-2#!.&+!4$=$)/51$32\!7$))!5&4+:!4'-))-3.!'-.+:!(/15'$++/'!+2&2-/3+:!7&2$'!+2/'&.$:!.'&=$)!5-2+:!$Q*-51$32!4$5/2+:!7&2$'!$T2'&(2-/3!+-2$+:!4-+5/+&)!&'$&+:!$2(A!P'-))-3.!'-.+:!7#-(#!(&3!'$&(#!#$-.#2+!/0!ZJK!0$$2!/'!1/'$:!&'$!2#$!1/+2!=-+-C)$!+-.3+!/0!.&+!&(2-=-2<A!`'/1!&!'$)&2-=$)<!+#/'2!4-+2&3($:!2#$<!+2&34!-3!+2&'9!(/32'&+2!2/!2#$!+*''/*34-3.!$3=-'/31$32A!P*'-3.!2#$!4'-))-3.!5#&+$:!2#$+$!'-.+!/5$'&2$!MdI#/*'+!5$'!4&<:!('$&2-3.!&44-2-/3&)!3-.#2I2-1$!-15&(2+:!-3()*4-3.!'-.!)-.#2-3.!&34!/5$3!0)&'-3.:!7#-(#!1&<!4$.'&4$!3-.#2I+9<!'$+/*'($+!E+$$!0-.*'$!UHA!!!

Zd!B)$&')<:!3/2!&))!.&+!7/'9$'+!+2&<-3.!-3!B#$1*3.!B/*32<!Q*&)-0<!0/'!5$'1&3$32!'$+-4$3($!$T()*+-/3:!&+!2&T!'$=$3*$+!(/32-3*$!2/!'-+$A!>#$2#$'!'$=$3*$+!&'$!9$$5-3.!5&($!7-2#!/((*5&3(<:!#/7$=$':!-+!&3!-15/'2&32!Q*$+2-/3!&34!4-00-(*)2!2/!&3+7$'!7-2#!2#$!4&2&!&=&-)&C)$A!

Page 14: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

14

!!

!!D+-$%/'N3'*%+&&+,-'%+-)'+,'^").+,-#5,'C5$,#;P'4='25$%1/3'???G7"%1/&&$)S)."&/G$)'!`'/1!&!.'$&2$'!4-+2&3($:!#/7$=$':!4'-))-3.!+-2$+!#&=$!)$++!/0!&3!/=$'&))!-15&(2!2#&3!1-.#2!C$!0$&'$4A!_!=-+*&)!-15&(2!&++$++1$32!/0!4'-))-3.!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!-3!MKZK!0/*34!2#&2!&2!4-+2&3($+!/0!1/'$!2#&3!KAJ!1-)$+:!'-.+!C$(&1$!4-00-(*)2!2/!+$$!-3!

Page 15: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

15

2#$!+*''/*34-3.!)&34+(&5$!E+$$!_55$34-T!PHA!^3!0&(2:!/2#$'!(/11/3!1&3*0&(2*'$4!0$&2*'$+!-3!2#$!)&34+(&5$:!)-9$!5/7$'!)-3$+:!($))!5#/3$!2/7$'+:!&34!7-341-))+:!(&3!C$!1/'$!=-+*&))<!-15&(20*)!2#&3!4'-))-3.!$Q*-51$32!EL5&4#<&<!&34!Y*:!MKZKHA!Y$</34!4'-))-3.:!#/7$=$':!3&2*'&)!.&+!2'&3+5/'2&2-/3!-30'&+2'*(2*'$!&34!+2/'&.$!0&(-)-2-$+!7-))!&)+/!#&=$!&!)/3.I2$'1!=-+*&)!-15&(2A!`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dH!2#$!$00/'2+!1&4$!C<!4'-))-3.!(/15&3-$+!&2!2#$!+-2$!/0!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2-$+:!+2/'&.$!0&(-)-2-$+:!(/15'$++/'!+2&2-/3+:!$2(A!,-2$+!2#&2!&'$!=-+*&))<!(&1/*0)&.$4:!#-44$3!0'/1!'/&47&<+:!&34!Q*-(9)<!'$+2/'$4!7-))!#&=$!1*(#!)$++!/0!&3!-15&(2!2#&3!2#/+$!2#&2!&'$!3/2!E+$$!`-34-3.+!&34![$(/11$34&2-/3+HA!'9%$1F'9%"<<+1'!"'*(9!2'&00-(!1&<!C$!/3$!/0!2#$!1/+2!7/''-+/1$!4-1$3+-/3+!/0!.&+!4'-))-3.!0/'!2/*'-+1!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3A!_!2<5-(&)!7$))!-3!2#$!%&'($))*+!,#&)$!'$Q*-'$+!JAf!1-))-/3!.&))/3+!/0!7&2$'!4*'-3.!2#$!4'-))-3.!5'/($++:!&)1/+2!&)7&<+!4$)-=$'$4!C<!2'*(9!E[&34&)):!MKZKHA!"'*(9+!&'$!&)+/!*+$4!2/!+#-5!)-Q*-4!&44-2-=$+!2/!2#$!7$))!&34!2/!#&*)!&7&<!0)/7C&(9!7&2$'A!FY$(&*+$!/0!-2+!7$-.#2:!2#$!-15&(2!/0!7&2$'!o/3!'/&4+:!5#<+-(&))<p!#&*)$4!2/!/3$!+-2$!EUfd!2'-5+H!-+!2#$!$Q*-=&)$32!/0!3$&')<!UAJ!1-))-/3!(&'!2'-5+G!E^C-4A:!5A!MHA!Zf!!

ZJ!`/'!&44-2-/3&)!5#/2/.'&5#+!/0!=-+*&)!-15&(2+!/0!4'-))-3.!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!&34!/2#$'!)/(&2-/3+:!+$$!_55$34-T!PA!!Zf!"#$'$!&'$!3$7!2$(#3/)/.-$+!0/'!'$(<()-3.!0)/7C&(9!7&2$'!/3I+-2$!4*'-3.!2#$!4'-))-3.!5#&+$!2#&2!1&<!#$)5!2/!$)-1-3&2$!&!5/'2-/3!/0!2'*(9!2'&00-(!2/!&34!0'/1!2#$!+-2$R!2#$+$!2$(#3/)/.-$+!&'$!3/2!<$2!+2&34&'4!-3!2#$!-34*+2'<:!#/7$=$':!2#/*.#!2#$<!&'$!C$(/1-3.!1/'$!(/11/3!-3!2#$!3/'2#$&+2A!

Page 16: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

16

"'*(9!2'&00-(!-+!&2!-2+!5$&9!4*'-3.!2#$!4'-))-3.!&34!#<4'/I0'&(2*'-3.!/0!7$))+:!/5$'&2-/3+!2#&2!(/32-3*$!MdI#/*'+!5$'!4&<!0/'!*5!2/!MIU!7$$9+AZc!Y<!/3$!(/*32:!&!=$#-()$!&''-=$4!/'!4$5&'2$4!&3!&(2-=$!4'-))-3.!+-2$!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<!'6'1&*9:;*"2(0)'/*EL5&4#<&<!&34!Y*!MKZKHA!_!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!N3$'.<![$+$&'(#!&34!P$=$)/51$32!_*2#/'-2<!'$5/'2!$+2-1&2$+!2#&2!0/'!&!+-3.)$!7$)):!C$27$$3!eOK!&34!ZUdK!ZeI7#$$)$'!2'*(9!2'-5+!&'$!3$($++&'<:!-3!&44-2-/3!2/!+*55/'2!=$#-()$+:!$Q*-51$32!2'&3+5/'2&2-/3:!&34!&*2/1/C-)$!2'&00-(!E6"B!MKKOHA!!!@=$'&)):!2'*(9!&34!=$#-()$!2'&00-(!-+!2#$!)$&+2!)/(&)-D$4!/0!4'-))-3.+!-11$4-&2$!$00$(2+:!C$(&*+$!2#$!=$#-()$+!+#&'$!2#$!+&1$!-30'&+2'*(2*'$!&+!(-2-D$3+!&34!=-+-2/'+A!b$&=<!2'*(9!2'&00-(!&++/(-&2$4!7-2#!4'-))-3.!7-))!)-9$)<!#&=$!1*)2-5)$!3$.&2-=$!$00$(2+!/3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!&34!+-.3-0-(&32)<!4$.'&4$!2#$!2/*'-+1!=-+-2/'!$T5$'-$3($A!"#$+$!$00$(2+!7-))!-3()*4$\!ZH!#$&=-$'!'/&4!2'&00-(:!/3!#-.#7&<+:!+$(/34&'<!'/&4+:!&34!(-2<!+2'$$2+R!MH!-3('$&+$4!&-'!5/))*2-/3R!UH!-3('$&+$4!3/-+$!5/))*2-/3R!dH!-3('$&+$4!2'&00-(!&((-4$32+!&34!+&0$2<!'-+9+R!&34!JH!4&1&.$!2/!'/&4+:!$+5$(-&))<!+$(/34&'<!'/&4+!E+$$![&34&))!MKZKHA!!!

!D+-$%/'H3'6,1%/")/>'#%"<<+1'15,-/)#+5,'+,'O%"><5%>'C5$,#;P'4='>$/'#5'0"%1/&&$)'>%+&&+,-G'25$%1/3'25$%1/3'???G7"%1/&&$)S)."&/G$)''

Zc!"#-+!-+!0/'!&!+-3.)$!7$))R!7#-)$!1*)2-5)$!7$))+!1-.#2!C$!4'-))$4!5$'!7$))!5&4:!/3)<!&!+-3.)$!7$))!-+!4'-))$4!&34!0'&(9$4!&2!&!2-1$A!!

Page 17: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

17

'D+-$%/'_3'O/<5%/'",>'"<#/%'8.5#5)'5<'2@'NKJK'+,'O%"><5%>'C5$,#;P'4=P'>$/'#5'./"M;'#%$1F'#%"<<+1'>$%+,-'#./'>;,"7+1')8%+,-'#."?G'25$%1/3'4='*`9G'''a$,#+,-P'D+).+,-'",>'`$#>55%'@/1%/"#+5,'!b*32-3.:!0-+#-3.:!&34!/2#$'!/*24//'!'$('$&2-/3!(/32'-C*2$+!1/'$!2#&3!mf!C-))-/3!2/!2#$!6$7!8/'9!$(/3/1<!&33*&))<:!&34!&'$!-15/'2&32!(/15/3$32+!/0!2#$!2/*'-+1!$(/3/1<!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3A!@*24//'!'$('$&2-/3!&34!+5/'2-3.!&1$3-2-$+!&'$!&)+/!=&)*&C)$!&++$2+!0/'!,"B!'$+-4$32+:!-15'/=-3.!2#$!Q*&)-2<!/0!)-0$!0/'!0&1-)-$+!&34!(/11*3-2-$+AZe!>-2#/*2!5'/5$'!5)&33-3.:!7-4$+5'$&4!4'-))-3.!-3!2#$!%&'($))*+!,#&)$!7-))!)-9$)<!#&=$!3*1$'/*+!3$.&2-=$!-15&(2+!/3!7&2$'7&<+:!0/'$+2+!&34!/5$3!+5&($:!&34!&+!&!'$+*)2:!/3!#*32-3.:!0-+#-3.!&34!/2#$'!/*24//'!&(2-=-2-$+:!&+!7$))!&+!/3!2#$!C*+-3$++$+!2#&2!+*55/'2!2#$1A!!!a&+!4'-))-3.!-32'/4*($+!+-.3-0-(&32!#*1&3!&(2-=-2<!2/!'*'&)!)&34:!0'/1!3$7!'/&4+!&34!2'*(9!2'&00-(!2/!3/-+$!&34!5/))*2-/3A!_+!&!'$+*)2:!3&2-=$!#&C-2&2+!&34!$(/+<+2$1+!1&<!C$!4-+2*'C$4:!5/++-C)<!0/'!<$&'+!&02$'!2#$!$34!/0!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2-$+A!^3!,*C)$22$!B/*32<!></1-3.:!0/'!$T&15)$:!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!-3!2#$!X/3&#!`-$)4!&34!2#$!;-3$4&)$!_32-()-3$!#&+!4-+'*52$4!2#$!1-.'&2/'<!5&22$'3+!/0!&32$)/5$:!1*)$!4$$'!&34!/2#$'!-34-.$3/*+!+5$(-$+:!7-2#!#$'4+!4/73!&+!1*(#!&+!JKV!-3!2#$!5&+2!4$(&4$!E_)C$'2!MKZZHA!_+!&!'$+*)2:!3/3I'$+-4$32!)-($3+$+!0/'!1*)$!4$$'!#&=$!0&))$3!0'/1!Z:dKK!2/!eKKA!a&'<!_1$'-3$:!/73$'!/0!a'$<+![-=$'!"'/5#-$+!-3!P&3-$):!></1-3.:!+&<+!2#&2!3/3I'$+-4$32!#*32$'+!&'$!./-3.!/2#$'!5)&($+:!C$(&*+$!/0!2#$!4-1-3-+#$4!/55/'2*3-2-$+A!,5/'2+1$3!0/'![$+5/3+-C)$!N3$'.<!P$=$)/51$32!4/(*1$32!+-1-)&'!+2/'-$+!0'/1!&('/++!2#$!7$+2$'3!+2&2$+:!7#$'$!3&2*'&)!.&+!4$=$)/51$32!#&+!C$$3!-3!0*))!+7-3.!0/'!()/+$!2/!&!4$(&4$!E,[NP!MKKOHA!!!

Ze!`/'!&!1&5!/0!+2&2$!5&'9+:!#-+2/'-(!+-2$+:!7&2$'7&<+:!&34!/2#$'!/*24//'!&34!'$('$&2-/3!0&(-)-2-$+:!+$$!_55$34-T!BA!

Page 18: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

18

P'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!&)+/!2#'$&2$3+!0-+#-3.!&34!/2#$'!+2'$&1:!)&9$:!&34!7&2$'!'$('$&2-/3A!B#-$0!&1/3.!2#$!(/3($'3+!-+!7&2$'!5/))*2-/3!4*$!2/!+5-))+:!&((-4$32+:!&34!'*3/00!4*'-3.!2#$!0'&(9-3.!5'/($++A!_((-4$32+!-3!;$33+<)=&3-&!#&=$!&)'$&4<!(&*+$4!)-1-2$4!0-+#!9-))+!&34!7&2$'7&<!(/32&1-3&2-/3R!0/'!$T&15)$:!1/'$!2#&3!e:KKK!.&))/3+!/0!4'-))-3.!0)*-4!7$'$!+5-))$4!3$&'!P-1/(9:!;_!-3!MKKO:!)$&4-3.!2/!7&2$'!(/32&1-3&2-/3!&34!&!0-+#!9-))!-3!3$&'C<!('$$9+!E+$$!j*+2.&'2$3:!MKKOHA!^3!MKZZ:!&!7$))!C)/7/*2!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!)$4!2/!+$=$'&)!2#/*+&34!.&))/3+!/0!4'-))-3.!0)*-4+!2/!0)/7!/32/!3$&'C<!0&'1)&34!&34!+2'$&1+!&34!5'/152$4!2#$!$=&(*&2-/3!/0!$-.#2!0&1-)-$+!0'/1!2#$!&'$&!Ej$.$'$!MKZZHA!N=$3!-0!+5-))+!&34!&((-4$32+!&'$!1-3-1-D$4:!()$&'-3.!2#/*+&34+!/0!7$))!5&4+!7-))!&00$(2!'*3/00!5&22$'3+:!7#-(#!1&<!4-+'*52!0-+#!&34!&Q*&2-(!#&C-2&2+A!_3/2#$'!(/3($'3!-+!2#$!$T2'&(2-/3!/0!0'$+#!7&2$'!3$$4$4!0/'!4'-))-3.A!^3!1&3<!'*'&)!&'$&+:!2#$!/3)<!&=&-)&C)$!7&2$'!+/*'($+!&'$!+2'$&1+:!('$$9+:!&34!)&9$+:!&34!(/3+$'=&2-/3-+2+!7/''<!2#&2!2//!1*(#!$T2'&(2-/3!7-))!$34&3.$'!7&2$'7&<+!&34!0-+#!5/5*)&2-/3+!E0/'!$T&15)$:!+$$!j-(&2&!MKKOHA!!!>-4$+5'$&4!.&+!4'-))-3.!7-))!)-9$)<!#&=$!&!3$.&2-=$!-15&(2!/3!/*24//'!&1$3-2-$+!.$3$'&))<A!"#$!6&2-/3&)!;&'9!,$'=-($!E6;,H!7&'3$4!-3!&!'$($32!'$5/'2!2#&2!+#&)$I.&+!4$=$)/51$32!&34!-2+!&22$34&32!-34*+2'-&)!&(2-=-2<!1&<!4$.'&4$!=-+-2/'!$T5$'-$3($!C<!3$.&2-=$)<!-15&(2-3.!&-':!7&2$':!&34!+/*34!Q*&)-2<:!&00$(2!3-.#2!+9<!'$+/*'($+:!&34!+2'&-3!2/*'-+1!-30'&+2'*(2*'$!+*(#!&+!+#/55-3.:!)/4.-3.:!&34!$&2-3.!$+2&C)-+#1$32+!E6;,!MKKeHA!,*(#!-15&(2+!(/*)4!3$.&2-=$)<!&00$(2!=-+-2/'!)$=$)+:!$+5$(-&))<!-0!4'-))-3.!/((*'+!3$&'!5&'9!C/*34&'-$+!/'!-+!&))/7$4!2/!/((*'!-3+-4$!/0!5&'9+!/'!+2&2$!0/'$+2+AZO!!!@3$!('-2-(&)!=&'-&C)$!-3!2#$!)$=$)!/0!-15&(2!/0!4'-))-3.!/3!/*24//'!&1$3-2-$+!-3!5&'9+!/'!0/'$+2+!-+!7#$2#$'!2#$!,2&2$!/0!6$7!8/'9!&))/7+!4'-))-3.!7-2#-3!2#$1A!^3!;$33+<)=&3-&:!2#$!+2&2$!#&+!/3)<!'$($32)<!C$.*3!2/!&))/7!4'-))-3.!5$'1-2+!7-2#-3!5&'9+:!7#-(#!#&+!+5&'9$4!7-4$+5'$&4!(/32'/=$'+<!E$A.A!a-))-)&34!MKZZHA!>#-)$!5'/5/3$32+!&'.*$!2#&2!.&+!'$+/*'($+!*34$'!+2&2$I/73$4!)&34+!-+!&!=&)*&C)$!(/11/4-2<!&34!&!C//3!2/!2#$!$(/3/1<:!/'.&3-D&2-/3+!)-9$!2#$!,-$''&!B)*C!7/''<!2#&2!4'-))-3.!7-))!4&1&.$!/'!4$+2'/<!+/1$!/0!+2&2$W+!1/+2!=&)*&C)$!/*24//'!'$+/*'($+A!,-1-)&'!4$C&2$+!&'$!C/*34!2/!2&9$!5)&($!-3!2#$!,"B!(/*32-$+:!.-=$3!2#$!3*1C$'!/0!5&'9+!&34!0/'$+2+!7-2#-3!2#$!=-(-3-2<AMK!!!'

ZO!%&3<!/0!2#$!'$.-/3W+!'$('$&2-/3&)!'$+/*'($+!&'$!(/32&-3$4!-3!+2&2$!5&'9+:!1&3&.$4!C<!2#$!@00-($!/0!;&'9+:![$('$&2-/3:!&34!b-+2/'-(!;'$+$'=&2-/3:!&34!+2&2$!0/'$+2+:!1&3&.$4!C<!2#$!PNBA!>#-)$!4'-))-3.!-3!+2&2$!5&'9+!-+!)$++!)-9$)<:!4'-))-3.!&)'$&4<!/((*'+!'$.*)&')<!-3!+2&2$!0/'$+2+:!7#-(#!&'$!&)+/!1&3&.$4!0/'!/2#$'!'$+/*'($+!)-9$!2-1C$'!&34!.&1$!Eb&*2&3-$1-!MKZZHA!!MK!b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

Page 19: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

19

'\"A5%'2$88&;'!>#-)$!1/+2!4'-))-3.!5#&+$!.&+!7/'9$'+!7-))!C$!3/3I)/(&):!5)&33$'+!+2-))!7/''<!&C/*2!2#$!/=$'&))!+*55)<!/0!)&C/'!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3A!%&3<!/0!2#$!2/*'-+1!&++$2+!&34!0&(-)-2-$+!-3!2#$!'$.-/3:!-3()*4-3.!2#$!C*'.$/3-3.!3*1C$'+!/0!=-3$<&'4+:!2#$!>&29-3+!a)$3!^32$'3&2-/3&):!#/2$)+g1/2$)+A!Y$4!&34!Y'$&90&+2+:![?!(&15.'/*34+:!'$+2&*'&32+:!&34!/2#$'!+$'=-($I'$)&2$4!C*+-3$++$+:!&)'$&4<!0&($!&!(#&))$3.-3.!)&C/'!$3=-'/31$32!&34!+2'*..)$!2/!0-))!)/7$'I7&.$!&34!2$15/'&'<!5/+-2-/3+A!!"7/!9$<!(/3($'3+!$1$'.$4!7#$3!2&)9-3.!7-2#!$(/3/1-(!4$=$)/51$32!5)&33$'+!&34!C*+-3$++!/73$'+A!`-'+2:!7-))!2#$!.&+!4'-))-3.!)&C/'!1&'9$2!5*2!&44-2-/3&)!+2'&-3+!/3!2#$!)&C/'!+*55)<!C<!/00$'-3.!C$22$'!5&<-3.!S/C+!2#&3!2/*'-+1!'$)&2$4!C*+-3$++$+!(&3!&00/'4]!`'/1!&3!$(/3/1-(!4$=$)/51$32!5$'+5$(2-=$:!C$22$'!5&<-3.!S/C+!&'$!.$3$'&))<!+$$3!&+!&!5)*+A!`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g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

Page 20: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

20

'9./'4"1/'",>'21"&/'5<'(")'*%+&&+,-'"%/'C%$1+"&'!"#$!5&($!&34!+(&)$!/0!.&+!4'-))-3.!7-))!C$!&!('*(-&)!4$2$'1-3&32!/0!2#$!/=$'&))!-15&(2!/3!2#$!2/*'-+1!$(/3/1<!-3!2#$!,/*2#$'3!"-$'AMZ!!6$&')<!$=$'<!3$.&2-=$!-15&(2!/0!4'-))-3.!4-+(*++$4!#$'$!(/*)4!C$!1/'$!/'!)$++!4-+'*52-=$!4$5$34-3.!/3!2#$!5&($!&34!+(&)$!/0!4'-))-3.R!0$7$'!5$'1-2+!5$'!<$&'!1$&3+!&!)/7$'!=/)*1$!/0!2'*(9!2'&00-(!/3!5'-1&'<!&34!+$(/34&'<!'/&4+:!0$7$'!=-+*&)!-15&(2+!&34!)$++!(#&3($!/0!1*)2-5)$!'-.+!-3!=-$7I+#$4+:!&3!-3('$&+$4!C*2!3/2!/=$'7#$)1-3.!4$1&34!/3!#/2$)!'//1+!&34!+#/'2I2$'1!&((/11/4&2-/3+:!0$7$'!5'$++*'$+!5)&($4!/3!2#$!)/(&)!)&C/'!+*55)<!E&34!1/'$!2-1$!2/!2'&-3!&!)/(&)!7/'90/'($!2/!2&9$!&4=&32&.$!/0!4'-))-3.!5#&+$!S/C+H:!&34!+/!/3A!!!!"#$'$!&'$!3&2*'&)!4$2$'1-3&32+!/3!#/7!7-4$+5'$&4!4'-))-3.!7-))!C$!-3!&!5&'2-(*)&'!(/*32<!/'!2/73:!1/+2)<!&'/*34!2#$!5$'0/'1&3($!/0!7$))+!-3!2#&2!&'$&A!"#$!1/+2!5'/4*(2-=$!%&'($))*+!7$))+!2$34!2/!C$!-3!2#$!F0&-'7&<:G!2#$!4$$5$+2!&34!1/+2!#-.#)<!5'$++*'-D$4!&'$&+!/0!2#$!,#&)$!&34!2#$!1/+2!5'/1-+-3.!&'$&!0/'!.&+!$T5)/'&2-/3!EBBN!MKKOHA!!^3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3:!B#$1*3.!&34!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!7-))!)-9$)<!+$$!1/'$!.&+!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!2#&3!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<:!&2!)$&+2!-3-2-&))<:!C$(&*+$!/0!2#$-'!)/(&2-/3!'$)&2-=$!2/!2#$!0&-'7&<A!"#$'$!&'$!+/1$!-34*+2'<I+-4$!(/3+2'&-32+!/3!5&($!&34!+(&)$!&+!7$)):!)-9$!2#$!&=&-)&C-)-2<!/0!4'-))-3.!$Q*-51$32!&34!7/'9!('$7+A!!!P$+5-2$!+-1-)&'!3&2*'&)!&34!-34*+2'<!(/3+2'&-32+:!;$33+<)=&3-&!-+!(*''$32)<!$T5$'-$3(-3.!2#$!$00$(2+!/0!'&5-4!&34!7-4$+5'$&4!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<A!"#$!)&34+(&5$!#&+!Q*-(9)<!+#-02$4!0'/1!'*'&)!&34!&.'-(*)2*'&)!2/!-34*+2'-&)A!!^3!&44-2-/3!2/!2#$+$!5#<+-(&)!(#&3.$+:!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_!/00-(-&)+!&'$!&)+/!+2'*..)-3.!2/!(/5$!7-2#!&3!-3('$&+$!-3!'$32+:!UKV!1/'$!$1$'.$3(<!(&))+:!'-+-3.!2'&00-(:!&34!C*+-$'!(/*'2+!&34!S&-)+!4*$!2/!-3('$&+$4!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<:!&))!7-2#/*2!&3!-3('$&+$!-3!&++/(-&2$4!0*34-3.!0/'!+$'=-($+!Ej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a"M/'#./'955&)'#5'0+#+-"#/'257/'*%+&&+,-'678"1#)''%*3-(-5&)!&34!B/*32<!./=$'31$32+!#&=$!1&3<!2//)+!&2!2#$-'!4-+5/+&)!2/!#$)5!1-2-.&2$!2#$!-15&(2+!/0!.&+!4$=$)/51$32A!%*3-(-5&)-2-$+!#&=$!2#$!&C-)-2<!2/!'$.*)&2$!1&3<!/0!2#$!-34*+2'-&)!4$=$)/51$32+!&++/(-&2$4!7-2#!.&+!4'-))-3.:!)-9$!4'-))-3.!'-.+:! MZ!;&($!'$0$'+!2/!2#$!2-1$!0'&1$!7-2#-3!7#-(#!.&+!$T2'&(2-/3!2&9$+!5)&($R!+(&)$!'$0$'+!2/!2#$!3*1C$'!/0!7$))+!4'-))$4!-3!2#$!'$.-/3!&33*&))<!EB#'-+2/5#$'+/3!&34![-.#2/':!MKZZHA!

Page 21: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

21

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a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`-'+2:!(#&3.-3.!2#$!)&7!1-.#2!3$.&2-=$)<!-15&(2!+/1$!C*+-3$++$+!2#&2!*+$!2#$!$T()*+-/3!7#$3!#/*+-3.!+#/'2I2$'1!$15)/<$$+A!`/'!$T&15)$:!B/'3-3.!^3(/'5/'&2$4!#/*+$+!2#$-'!+*11$'!-32$'3+!-3!)/(&)!#/2$)!'//1+!&34!C$3$0-2+!0'/1!5$'1&3$32!'$+-4$32!+2&2*+A!^2!-+!7/'2#!$T5)&-3-3.!2/!2#$1!2#$!.'$&2$'!(/11*3-2<!

Page 22: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

22

C$3$0-2!2/!C$!.&-3$4!0'/1!$)-1-3&2-3.!2#$!$T()*+-/3A!!,$(/34:!(#&3.-3.!2#$!)&7!7-))!)-9$)<!3$.&2-=$)<!-15&(2!)/7I-3(/1$!-34-=-4*&)+!&34!#/*+$#/)4+!7#/!'$)<!/3!4&-)<!/'!7$$9)<!#/2$)g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`%-",+L"#+5,)'2.5$&>'A/'4%5"1#+M/''"/*'-+1!C*+-3$++$+!&34!'$)&2$4!/'.&3-D&2-/3+!&34!&.$3(-$+!E$A.A!B#&1C$'+!/0!B/11$'($H!+#/*)4!2&9$!+2$5+!2/!1-2-.&2$!2#$!-15&(2+!/0!4'-))-3.!&34!&22$34&32!-30)*T$+!/0!.&+!7/'9$'+A!a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

Page 23: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

23

=88/,>+]'=3''6,<5%7"#+5,'5,'b$"&+#"#+M/'6,#/%M+/?)!!^3!&44-2-/3!2/!2#$!$(/3/1-(:!+5&2-&):!&34!(/15&'&2-=$!'$+$&'(#!'$0$'$3($4!-3!2#$!&C/=$!'$5/'2:!^!(/3+*)2$4!7-2#!2#$!0/))/7-3.!-34-=-4*&)+!&34!/'.&3-D&2-/3+!7#/!7$'$!.$3$'/*+!7-2#!2#$-'!2-1$!&34!$T5$'2-+$!'$)&2$4!2/!2/*'-+1!&34g/'!.&+!4'-))-3.\!!

• %&'(-&!>$C$':!NT$(*2-=$!P-'$(2/'!/0!!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!B$32'&)![$.-/3&)!;)&33-3.!&34!P$=$)/51$32!Y/&'4!

• ,*+&3!B#'-+2/5#$'+/3:!;'/0$++/'!/0!B-2<!&34![$.-/3&)!;)&33-3.!&2!B/'3$))!L3-=$'+-2<!

• B#'-+2-&3!b&''-+:!j&C/'!%&'9$2!_3&)<+2!&2!2#$!6$7!8/'9!,2&2$!P$5&'21$32!/0!j&C/'!

• X$00'$<!X&(Q*$2:!;#P!(&34-4&2$!-3!2#$!P$5&'21$32!/0!6&2*'&)![$+/*'($+!&2!B/'3$))!L3-=$'+-2<!

• a$/'.$!`'&32D:!;'-3(-5&)!&2!a$/'.$![A!`'&32D!l!_++/(-&2$+!• BAXA![&34&)):!B/'3$))!L3-=$'+-2<!• "/1!k3-5$:!B/'3$))!L3-=$'+-2<!• ;$..<!B/)$1&3:!;'$+-4$32!/0!2#$!,2$*C$3!B/*32<!B/30$'$3($!l!?-+-2/'+!

Y*'$&*!• `'$4!Y/33:!P-'$(2/'!/0!2#$!^2#&(&!g!"/159-3+!B/*32<!B/3=$32-/3!l!?-+-2/'+!

Y*'$&*!• _34'$7!q$55:!NT$(*2-=$!P-'$(2/'!/0!2#$!`-3.$'!j&9$+!j&34!"'*+2!• P&3-$))$!b&*2&3-$1-:!P-'$(2/'!/0!;)&33-3.!l!B/11*3-2<!P$=$)/51$32!0/'!

B/'3$))!B//5$'&2-=$!NT2$3+-/3:!,(#*<)$'!B/*32<!• %$.#&3!"#/'$&*!X&(Q*$2:!;)&33$'!&2!,/*2#$'3!"-$'!B$32'&)![$.-/3&)!;)&33-3.!

&34!P$=$)/51$32!Y/&'4!!!!!!!!^!&)+/!+5/9$!7-2#!+$=$'&)!+1&))!C*+-3$++!/73$'+!-3!Y'&40/'4!B/*32<:!;_:!&))!/0!7#/1!7-+#$4!2/!'$1&-3!&3/3<1/*+!-3!2#$!0-34-3.+!/0!2#-+!'$5/'2A!^!2#&39!2#$1!0/'!2#$-'!5&'2-(-5&2-/3A!!

Page 24: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

24

=88/,>+]'O3'':78&5;7/,#'+,'#./'(")'*%+&&+,-'6,>$)#%;''"#$!=&+2!1&S/'-2<!/0!2#$!$15)/<1$32!.$3$'&2$4!C<!3&2*'&)!$T2'&(2-/3!-+!(/3($32'&2$4!-3!2#$!F4'-))-3.!5#&+$:G!&!)&C/'!-32$3+-=$!5$'-/4!7#$'$!7$))!5&4+!&'$!()$&'$4:!4'-))$4:!0'&(9$4:!&34!'$+2/'$4:!&34!.&+!5-5$)-3$+!&'$!)&-4A!!_!'$($32!+2*4<!/0!4'-))-3.!-3!;$33+<)=&3-&:!0/'!$T&15)$:!0/*34!2#&2!2#$!4'-))-3.!5#&+$!&((/*32$4!0/'!OeV!/0!2#$!.&+!-34*+2'<!7/'90/'($!E%,N"B!MKKO:!%,N"B!MKZKHA!P$5$34-3.!/3!2#$!/=$'&))!5&($!&34!+(&)$!/0!4'-))-3.!&34!2#$!5'/4*(2-/3!5$'0/'1&3($!/0!7$))+:!2#$!F4'-))-3.!5#&+$G!7-))!)-9$)<!)&+2!ZKIZJ!<$&'+A!Y$(&*+$!S/C!.'/72#!-+!+/!(/3($32'&2$4!-3!2#-+!'$)&2-=$)<!+#/'2!4'-))-3.!5#&+$:!&34!C$(&*+$!4'-))-3.!&(2-=-2<!(&3!Q*-(9)<!-3('$&+$!&34!4$()-3$!-3!&!.-=$3!&'$&:!3&2*'&)!.&+!4$=$)/51$32!(&3!(/30/'1!2/!&!5&22$'3!/0!C//1!&34!C*+2!/C+$'=$4!-3!/2#$'!2<5$+!/0!3&2*'&)!'$+/*'($!4$=$)/51$32!&(2-=-2-$+!EX&(Q*$2!MKKO:!B#'-+2/5#$'+/3!MKZKHA!!!!!!!_+!(/15&'$4!2/!)/(&)!2/*'-+1!$15)/<1$32:!S/C!.'/72#!0'/1!4'-))-3.!-3!2#$!,"B!'$.-/3!7-))!)-9$)<!C$3$0-2!1/+2)<!3/3I)/(&)!7/'9$'+A!!P*'-3.!2#$!4'-))-3.!5#&+$:!1&3<!/0!2#$!ZZJK!0*))!2-1$!$Q*-=&)$32!E`"NH!)/(&)!5/+-2-/3+!('$&2$4!5$'!ZKK!7$))+!7-))!./!2/!4'-))-3.!('$7+!(/1-3.!0'/1!/*2+-4$!2#$!'$.-/3!EX&(Q*$2!MKKf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

!D+-$%/'J3'\51"#+5,'5<'X5A'(%5?#.'+,'!"#$%"&'(")'6,>$)#%;'JKKWSJKKR'25$%1/3'6a2'(&5A"&'6,)+-.#'QJKK[T

Page 25: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

25

!!"##$%&'(!)*!!

Page 26: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

26

!""#$%&'()*(+&,-./(01".23(01.4#,55((

6.3#7(&1"8-$%1#$3(,&3#(

(

!9&4:33&1#(;8"#$(</.7&$4=(8<(.(4.,(>#//( ""!#$$!%&'()*!'+)!,+-&!.+'/,-+/!0-12345!6)22*4$7'2%'!'2/!'+)!8-1+3)*4!-,!9)-+()!:+'23;5!<'+%3'!=-*)!>?'/@4'4!'2/!A%2!.1!B"CDCEF!!!

Page 27: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

27

!6.3#7(6&3:%7.>./(?&3#(

!

!

@.,(A81"7#,,87(?3.3&8$(

Page 28: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

28

!

(

6#//(".%,(.$%(B7&$#("&3,(

(

Page 29: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

29

(

6#//(".%(<781(,2#$&2(8C#7C&#>(&$(D!(

(

(

9.3-7./(@.,(D&"#/&$#(

(

(

(

Page 30: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

30

(

D&"#/&$#(A8$,37-23&8$(E":838(A.78/(A:82FG(

(

6#//(D.%(D7#".7.3&8$(E":838(A.78/(A:82FG

Page 31: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

31

(

Distance 1.0 miles

Page 32: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

32

!)&,3.$2#*(HIJKK(<##3(

!

(

)&,3.$2#*(HIKKK(<##3(

Page 33: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

33

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`*@-?!B"CDCEF!J0.'3*60&I"$10*@&<*"=="$%&"$&+,0&>)*60==3.&?,)=0F!!!0-+2)$$!>2%7)+*%34!0--?)+'3%7)!Y^3)2*%-2!B00YE!B"CCaEF!K,0*0&".&+,0&>)*60==3.&?,)=0&I0"$%&<0#0='901L!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMM88)F8-+2)$$F)/1MY2)+(40$%&'3)0@'2()M\'31+'$9'*Q)7MQ-81&)23*M6Q:*MI@)+)b"C%*b"C3@)b"CA'+8)$$1*b"C<@'$)b"CG)%2(b"C/)7)$-?)/F?/,F!!Y2()$/)+5!K)++4!B"CCa5!#1(1*3EF![A'+8)$$1*!"CCUL!=)?-+3!8'+/!-2!3@)!G+)'`-13!4)'+!,-+!('*!?+-/183%-2!%2!3@)!#??'$'8@%'2!.'*%2F]!I)."$&M"=&N&;).F!!!9%$$%$'2/5!Q-2'$/!B"CDDEF!9'*!/+%$$%2(!%2!6)22*4$7'2%'!*3'3)!?'+`*!/+'N*!,%+)F!O,0&P)+*"'+&Q0/.F!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF?)22$%7)F8-&M&%/*3'3)M%2/)^F**,M"CDDMC"M('*_/+%$$%2(_%2_?)22*4$7'2%'_*F@3&$F!!c)'/N'3)+*!Y8-2-&%8*!B"CCaEF!R'.."=&R30=&(S+*)6+"'$&).&)&C'3$+E&(6'$'7"6&<0#0='970$+&?+*)+0%E@&4*0&($0*%ET:'63."$%&C'3$+"0.&I0$0:"+"$%L!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMM@)'/N'3)+*)8-2-&%8*F-+(M?1G*M)2)+(4Mc)'/N'3)+*Y8-2-&%8*_Y2)+(4:-81*%2(F?/,!!Pc<!9$-G'$!P2*%(@3!B<)?3)&G)+!"CCaEF!O,0&C'$+*"53+"'$.&':&+,0&Q)+3*)=&;).&8$13.+*E&+'&+,0&-D?D&Q)+"'$)=&)$1&?+)+0&(6'$'7"0.F!#7'%$'G$)!-2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMG%3F$4MGGad3#F!!!H'8e1)35!H),,+)4!B"CCWEF!?35=0++0&C'3$+E&U'3."$%&J09'*+@&?06'$1&U'70.&)$1&+,0&;).&I''7&V&?399=EW&<07)$1W&)$1&P*"60.F!!!

Page 34: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

34

H'8e1)35!H),,+)4!B"CCaEF![Y2)+(4!.--&3-N2*!'2/!\'31+'$!9'*L!P&?$%8'3%-2*!,-+!A'+8)$$1*!<@'$)!f-8'$!9-7)+2&)23*!V!=1+'$!0-&&12%3%)*F]!\Y=0=Q!=1+'$!Q)7)$-?&)23!6'?)+!\-F!ZTF!!!H'8e1)35!H),,+)4!B"CDDEF!K'*X:'*60&<0#0='970$+&C,)==0$%0.&"$&+,0&Q)+3*)=&;).&8$13.+*ED!X2$%2)!'3!(+))28@-%8)*F8-+2)$$F)/1F!!!g'45!Q'7%/!B"CDCEF!O,0&(6'$'7"6&879)6+&':&>)*60==3.&?,)=0&;).&<*"=="$%@&K,)+&U)#0&K0&!0)*$01L&K,)+&)*0&+,0&!"7"+)+"'$.L!X2$%2)!'3!(+))28@-%8)*F8-+2)$$F)/1F!!!f)()+)5!f'1+'!B"CDD5!#?+%$!"hEF![.$-N-13!%2!.+'/,-+/!0-1234F]!P2/)?)2/)23!I))`)2/)+F!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMM%2/)?)2/)23N))`)2/)+F8-&M%2/)^F?@?M"CDDMCZM"hMG$-N-13S%2SG+'/,-+/S8-1234MF!!f)()+)5!f'1+'!B"CDCEF![0-2*)+7'3%-2!(+-1?*5!8-&&12%3%)*!?1*@!,-+!*)7)+'28)!3'^!,12/*!3-!*3'4!$-8'$F]!K@)!K-N'2/'!Q'%$4!=)7%)NF!!!f%8'3'5!#23@-24!B"CCaEF!\'31+'$!9'*!Q+%$$%2(!K@+)'3)2*!K+-13!%2!6)22*4$7'2%'!B'2/!-3@)+!#??'$'8@%'2!<3'3)*EF!R"0=1&)$1&?+*0)7F!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF,%)$/'2/*3+)'&F8-&M'+3%8$)*M,%*@%2(M3+-13S,%*@%2(MN@)+)S,%*@S3+-13M"CCaMChM2'31+'$S('*S)^3+'83%-2S3@+)'3)2*S'??'$'8@%'2F!!f1*3('+3)25!#G+'@&!B"CCaEF![:+'8`!:$1%/!<?%$$!%2!Q%&-8`!0-23'&%2'3)*!<3+)'&5!g%$$%2(!:%*@F]!P*'P35="6)5!<)?3)&G)+!"D*3F!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF?+-?1G$%8'F-+(M'+3%8$)M,+'8`S,$1%/S*?%$$S%2S/%&-8`S8-23'&%2'3)*S*3+)'&S`%$$%2(S,%*@Sa"DF!!A'+8)$$1*!<@'$)!Y/18'3%-2!V!K+'%2%2(!0)23)+!B"CCaEF!>)*60==3.&?,)=0&K'*X:'*60&Q001.&4..0..70$+@&Q'*+,TC0$+*)=&P0$$.E=#)$")D!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF&*)38F-+(M!!A'+8)$$1*!<@'$)!Y/18'3%-2!V!K+'%2%2(!0)23)+!B"CDCEF!>)*60==3.&?,)=0&K'*X:'*60&Q001.&4..0..70$+@&?'3+,/0.+&P0$$.E=#)$")D!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF&*)38F-+(M!!K@)!A'+8)$$1*!<@'$)!Y^'&%2)+!B#1(1*3!"CDCEF![Q+%$$%2(!:%+&*!Q-/()!c-3)$!K'^)*5!f)'7%2(!0-123%)*!V!d%*%3-+*!<8+'&G$%2(F]!!!\'3%-2'$!6'+`!<)+7%8)!B"CCaEF!P'+0$+")=&<0#0='970$+&':&Q)+3*)=&;).&J0.'3*60.&"$&+,0&>)*60==3.&?,)=0@&Q0/&Y'*XW&P0$$.E=#)$")W&K0.+&Z"*%"$")W&)$1&M,"'D&&!\)N!i-+`!<3'3)!Q)?'+3&)23!-,!Y27%+-2&)23'$!0-2*)+7'3%-2!B"CCUEF!M"=W&;).W&)$1&>"$0*)=&J0.'3*60.&4$$3)=&J09'*+D!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF/)8F24F(-7M?1G*MTWCTTF@3&$F!!\)N!i-+`!<3'3)!Q)?'+3&)23!-,!Y27%+-2&)23'$!0-2*)+7'3%-2!B\iQY0E!B"CCaEF!<*):+&?399=070$+)=&;0$0*"6&($#"*'$70$+)=&879)6+&?+)+070$+D!!

Page 35: Natural Gas Drilling in the Marcellus Shale: Potential Impacts on the Tourism Economy of the Southern Tier

35

!\)N!i-+`!<3'3)!Q)?'+3&)23!-,!f'G-+!B"CDCEF!Q0/&Y'*X&?+)+0A.&O*)#0=&N&O'3*".7&?06+'*W&5E&C'3$+E&)$1&8$13.+*E&;*'39&FGG[TFGG\D!!!\)N!i-+`!<3'3)!Q)?'+3&)23!-,!K'^'3%-2!'2/!:%2'28)!B2/EF!4&;3"10&+'&?)=0.&O)S&:'*&U'+0=&)$1&>'+0=&M90*)+'*.D&X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF3'^F24F(-7M?/,M?1G$%8'3%-2*M*'$)*M?1GUZU_TCUF?/,F!!\K0!0-2*1$3'23*!B"CCaEF!879)6+.&'$&C'773$"+E&C,)*)6+0*&':&U'*"]'$+)=&<*"=="$%&)$1&U"%,&Z'=370&UE1*)3="6&R*)6+3*"$%&"$&>)*60==3.&?,)=0&)$1&M+,0*&!'/TP0*70)5"="+E&;).&J0.0*#'"*.D&X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF24*)+/'F-+(M?1G$%8'3%-2*MCTb"C0@'?3)+b"CTb"CSb"C\K0b"C"CCaSaSDWF?/,F!!=%@'5!<1*'2!'2/!.+%'2!9!='@&!B"CDCEF!R*)70/'*X&:'*&4..0.."$%&K)+0*&J0.'3*60&879)6+.&:*'7&?,)=0&;).&<*"=="$%D!X2$%2)!'3!(+))28@-%8)*F8-+2)$$F)/1F!!!=1G%2`'&5!A%8@')$!B"CDC5!\-7)&G)+!DUEF![0@)*'?)'`)!127)%$*![&'2!8'&?]!%2!.+'/,-+/!0-1234F]!O,0&?+)*&;)]0++0D!!<8@%$$%2()+5!0@'+$)*!B"CDC5!<)?3)&G)+!DCEF![c-3)$!3'^!)^)&?3%-2!8-28)+2*!$-8'$!-,,%8%'$*F]!K-N'2/'!Q'%$4!=)7%)NF!!!<8@14$)+!0-1234!B"CDCEF!FGHG&C'3$+E&':&?6,3E=0*W&Q0/&Y'*X&4$$3)=&I31%0+F!!!<?-+3*&)2!,-+!=)*?-2*%G$)!Y2)+(4!Q)7)$-?&)23!B"CCaEF!c123%2(!'2/!:%*@%2(!P&?)+%$)/F!X2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF*?-+3*&)2Z+)*?-2*%G$))2)+(4F-+(M+)?-+3M%23+-/183%-2F@3&$F!!<3)1G)2!0-1234!B"CCUEF!?377)*E&':&I31%0+&R3$1.&:'*&FGG^D!#7'%$'G$)!-2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF*3)1G)28-24F-+(MG1/()3F@3&$F!!K-1+%*&!Y8-2-&%8*!B"CCaEF!O,0&(6'$'7"6&879)6+&':&O'3*".7&"$&Q0/&Y'*X&?+)+0@&R"$%0*&!)X0.&R'63.D&&!>2%3)/!<3'3)*!Q)?'+3&)23!-,!#(+%81$31+)!B><Q#EB"CChEF!0)2*1*!-,!#(+%81$31+)F!#7'%$'G$)!-2$%2)!'3!@33?LMMNNNF'(8)2*1*F1*/'F(-7F!=)3+%)7)/!-2!\-7)&G)+!"Z3@5!"CDCF!!!>?'/@4'45!<'+%3'!=-*)!'2/!A%2!.1!B"CDCEF!Z".3)=&879)6+.&':&Q)+3*)=&;).&<*"=="$%&"$&+,0&>)*60==3.&?,)=0&J0%"'$F!!