Natural Enemies & Insecticides Celeste Welty February 2012.
-
Upload
brooke-sawyer -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
2
Transcript of Natural Enemies & Insecticides Celeste Welty February 2012.
Natural Enemies & Insecticides
Celeste Welty
February 2012
How to use insecticides in presence of natural enemies?
Choose product:
• Selective (by mode of action)
or
• Very short residual activity
Insecticides
• OMRI-listed, narrow spectrum–viruses (Gemstar)–bacteria (B.t.: Dipel)–Pheromones (CheckMate-TPW)
• OMRI-listed, broad spectrum–soaps–oils–botanicals: neem, pyrethrins–fungi: Beauveria
Sources of info on non-target effects
• Scientific journals–Review articles
– Individual studies
• Insect supply companies–Koppert
–Biobest
Effects of insecticides
• Direct –Contact toxicity
–Residual toxicity
• Sub-lethal effects–Physiology
–Behavior
• Indirect effects–Food supply
4 examples of research reports on specific systems
Data from research trials: parasitoid of squash bug in Georgia
Ingestion
Walking on residues or contact by spray
But note: no mention of effect on PEST
Data from research trials: avocado lace bug & lacewings in Calif.
PEST ENEMY
WANT HIGH MORTALITY WANT LOW MORTALITY
Data from research trials: avocado lace bug & lacewings in Calif.
PEST ENEMY
WANT HIGH MORTALITY WANT LOW MORTALITY
goodbad
bad
Data from research trials: whiteflies on eggplant in Egypt
(Beauveria)
parasitoids predators pest
• Helpful that 4 enemies evaluated, as well as the pest• Look for least harsh to enemies but suppression of pest
best
Koppert Biological Systems,Webpage on ‘side effects’for 47 natural enemies &
137 chemicals
Koppert Biological Systems,Webpage on ‘side effects’for 47 natural enemies &
137 chemicalsGreen =
good
Red= bad
Koppert: lacewings & spinosad
Koppert: lacewings & spinosad
Note difference between life stages
Next 3 slides…
use Koppert charts to compare multiple enemies & multiple chemicals
look for general trends:
some columns mostly greensome columns mostly red
Koppert: 4 predator insects & 7 OMRI products
Koppert: 4 parasitoid insects & 7 OMRI products
Koppert: 3 predatory mites & 7 OMRI products
Biobest:Webpage & new mobile app on ‘side effects’
for 21 natural enemies & 263 chemicals
Biobest: 4 predators & 5 OMRI products
Note similar trends as on the Koppert charts
Trends?• Not harsh:
–azadirachtin–B.T.
• Harsh:–soap (potassium salts of fatty acids)
• Mixed results:–spinosad–pyrethrins–mineral oil
Caution…
• These do not include consideration of efficacy of chemical against the PEST….
Hierarchy of harshness to natural enemies
Spray conventional (non-OMRI) >> Spray OMRI broad spectrum (soaps,
oils, botanicals, fungi) >> Spray OMRI narrow spectrum
(viruses, pheromones, bacteria) >>
No spray