Insect pests of garden raspberries & blackberries · 2018-03-27 · Insect pests of garden...
Transcript of Insect pests of garden raspberries & blackberries · 2018-03-27 · Insect pests of garden...
Insect pests of garden raspberries & blackberries
Celeste Welty Extension Entomologist
Ohio State University February 2014
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Pests of brambles: raspberries & blackberries
• Crown • Canes • Fruit • Leaves
Bramble Pests
Crown *Raspberry crown borerCanes *Rednecked cane borer
*Raspberry cane borerSnowy tree cricketRose scale
Bramble Pests Fruit *Spotted wing drosophila
Raspberry fruitwormJapanese beetlePicnic beetle
Leaves Two-spotted spider miteBlackberry psyllidAphidsRaspberry leafminerRaspberry leafrollerRaspberry sawfly
Viruses on brambles
Disease VectorRaspberry mosaic virus
Raspberry leaf curl virus
Raspberry/tobacco streak virus
Tomato ringspot virus
Raspberry bushy dwarf virus
Aphid
Aphid
Pollen, seed
Nematode
Pollen, seed
Raspberry Crown Borer: symptoms
• Withering, wilting cane foliage
• Damaged canes break off when pulled
• Girdled roots and crowns • Cavities in crown
Raspberry Crown Borer: management
• Remove all wild brambles • Destroy infested plants • Future: nematode biocontrol?
adult
Rednecked cane borer
• Galls usually close to ground level • Adults emerge in mid-June • Prune infested canes in winter • No insecticides registered
Raspberry cane borer
• Causes wilting tips • Egg laid between 2 rings of punctures • Adults (beetles) appear in June • Eggs hatch in July • Prune infested canes before egg hatch • No insecticides registered
Review: cane borers
• Rednecked cane borer
• Raspberry cane borer
Insecticides for Brambles Group Product Target
Organo-phosphates
Malathion Aphids, beetles
Carbamates * carbaryl (Sevin) Beetles, bugsPyrethroids bifenthrin (Bug-B-Gon Max) Broad spectrum
esfenvalerate (Bug-B-Gon Max) Broad spectrumpermethrin (Eight) Broad spectrum
Neonics acetamiprid Broad spectrumMicrobials B.t. (DiPel & others) CaterpillarsOther * pyrethrins + PBO Broad spectrum
spinosad (Captain Jack’s) Caterpillarsneem Caterpillars, beetlessoap aphids
* Longest list of target pests for brambles
Spotted wing Drosophila
• Looks like common vinegar flies on overripe, fallen, decaying fruit
• But the new species attacks healthy ripening fruit
• Invading mainland USA since 2008
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Hosts of Spotted wing Drosophila
• Early: cherries • Mid: raspberries, blueberries,
blackberries • Late: grapes • Also strawberries, peaches,
plums, cherry tomatoes, kiwi, pears, apples
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Damage by spotted wing Drosophila
• Egg laying & larval feeding • Starts as tiny scar on skin of fruit • Larvae feed inside fruit • Skin collapses in 2-3 days; molds
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Eggs of spotted wing Drosophila
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Egg being deposited by female fly
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Spotted wing Drosophila: in raspberry
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Fruit is susceptible to injury once it has started to turn color
Monitoring spotted wing Drosophila
• Critical to determine if this new pest is present on each farm
• Use bait traps to monitor adult flies • Use salt test to monitor larvae in
fruit
Monitoring adult SWD flies with bait traps
• Make your own trap • Apple cider vinegar (1 inch) • Add a drop of dish soap • Option 1:
– Use 1 quart clear deli container – Make ¼” holes near top on 1 side
• Option 2: – 24 oz peanut butter jar – Make 5 holes @1”, cover with mesh – Add red tape
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Bait trap maintenance Once per week: • Remove trapped insects • Replace vinegar • Supplies:
– Bottle of fresh cider vinegar – Strainer – Funnel – Jug to hold spent vinegar – Vial to hold insects – Small paintbrush – 75% ethanol or preservative
Bait trap maintenance
• If heavy rain: – Replace vinegar
What insects are trapped?
• Many! • Spotted wing Drosophila • Common vinegar flies
– Same size, shape as SWD • Other flies, wasps, moths
– Some obviously not SWD – Some same size, shape as SWD – Some with spots on wings
How to identify?
• Threshold: a single SWD adult • Need to separate:
– Suspected SWD – All others
• Equipment: – Minimal: 30x magnifying lens – Better: Dissecting microscope
Need to ship specimens to clinic for species
confirmation?
• Via personal courier – In ethanol is fine
• Via US Mail or FedEx, UPS, etc. – Do NOT send in ethanol (hazardous!) – Use apple cider vinegar instead
Monitoring with alternative traps 1. Same trap but with yellow
sticky card inside jar 2. Alternative bait
– Mix: Yeast (1 Tbsp active dry) Sugar (4 Tbsp) Water (12 oz) – Pro: Detects earlier * – Cons:
• No preservative property • Attracts more non-targets • Unpleasant
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Using traps in fruit crops
• In canopy • On north side • Do not dump spent vinegar
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i.d. of adult male
• Spots on wings • Spots can be
absent on young (newly emerged) males
• 2 dark bands of combs on front leg
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i.d. of adult female • No spots on wings • Saw-like ovipositor
– Large, dark, more obvious
SWD common vinegar fly
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Seasonal trends of SWD adults in traps
• First catch mid to late June • Peak in September/October • Higher when cool than hot
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Test fruit for SWD larvae with salt test
• Put fruit in zip-top bag • 4 cups warm water + 1/4 cup salt • Examine for floaters in 15 minutes
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Management of spotted wing Drosophila
• Prompt harvest as soon as ripe
• Chill fruit as soon as harvested
• Sanitation
• Insecticides
• Netting
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Management of spotted wing Drosophila
• Or, sadly…
• Give up on brambles
• Grow June-bearing strawberries instead
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Management of spotted wing Drosophila
• Sanitation – Strongly recommended! – Destroy leftover fruit – Easier said than done – Do every 2 days – Culls in clear plastic bags in sun, 1 week – Or bury culls 2 ft deep
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Insecticides for SWD control in garden raspberries & blackberries
Efficacy Product Pre-harvest interval
Very effective
bifenthrin 3 days permethrin 14 days esfenvalerate 21 days
Effective spinosad 3 day malathion 1 day
Moderately effective
acetamiprid 1 days carbaryl 7 days
? pyrethrins + PBO 0 days
Representative brand names
• pyrethroids: – bifenthrin:
• Ortho Bug B Gon Max Lawn & Garden Insect Killer
– permethrin: • Bonide Eight Insect Control for Veg, Fruit
& Flowers • Hi-Yield Indoor/Outdoor 10% Permethrin
Insecticide – esfenvalerate:
• Monterey Bug Buster II
Representative brand names
• spinosad: – Captain Jack’s Deadbug Brew – Entrust
• carbaryl: – Sevin
• acetamiprid: – Ortho Flower Fruit & Veg Insect Killer
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Management of SWD on brambles
1. Use vinegar traps, check weekly 2. If any SWD in traps, start spray
program when berries start to color – Spray every 7 days until final harvest – Alternate:
• Bifenthrin (3-day PHI) • Spinosad (3-day PHI) • Malathion (1-day PHI) • Pyrethrins + PBO (0-day PHI)
3. Salt test with ripe fruit, weekly
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Questions?
the end
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