NationalismNationalism

NationalismNationalismThe belief that one’s greatest loyalty The belief that one’s greatest loyalty

is to a shared culture.is to a shared culture. Includes common history, language, Includes common history, language,

religion and nationality. religion and nationality.

2 Types of Nationalist 2 Types of Nationalist MovementsMovements

1.1. Unification:Unification: People of common culture from People of common culture from

different nations were joined togetherdifferent nations were joined together

2.2. Separation:Separation: Groups splintered off from their current Groups splintered off from their current

government to form one that was more government to form one that was more representative of their own interests.representative of their own interests.

Liberals and radicals led nationalist Liberals and radicals led nationalist movements in Europe.movements in Europe.

Nationalism in FranceNationalism in France

Napoleon was defeated in 1815.Napoleon was defeated in 1815.Congress of Vienna put monarchs Congress of Vienna put monarchs

back in power & tried to suppress the back in power & tried to suppress the democratic movement of the French democratic movement of the French Revolution.Revolution.

Ideals of Ideals of liberty, equality and liberty, equality and fraternityfraternity had already spread. had already spread.

These ideals inspired other nationalist These ideals inspired other nationalist movements.movements.

The Congress of ViennaThe Congress of Vienna

Met to decide the fate of Europe after Met to decide the fate of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.the Napoleonic Wars.

Wanted to keep a balance of power Wanted to keep a balance of power between the major countries of between the major countries of Europe.Europe.

Nationalism in the BalkansNationalism in the Balkans

Greece rebelled against the Ottoman Greece rebelled against the Ottoman Empire in 1821.Empire in 1821.

Gained independence in 1830.Gained independence in 1830.

Revolutions occurred in Belgium, Italy Revolutions occurred in Belgium, Italy and Russia.and Russia.

FranceFrance

Charles X tried to establish an Charles X tried to establish an absolute monarchy in 1830.absolute monarchy in 1830.

He was replaced by Louis-Philippe.He was replaced by Louis-Philippe.Louis-Philippe lost favor with the Louis-Philippe lost favor with the

French people and lost control in French people and lost control in 1848.1848.

He was overthrown.He was overthrown.France was made a republic.France was made a republic.

After France was made a After France was made a republic…republic…

Radicals were divided…Radicals were divided…They had different ideas about what to They had different ideas about what to

do next!do next!Moderates took control! Moderates took control!

Elected a president:Elected a president:Louis Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte’s Louis Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte’s

nephew nephew Established a parliamentary systemEstablished a parliamentary system

Louis-NapoleonLouis-Napoleon

He eventually took the title of He eventually took the title of Emperor Napoleon III.Emperor Napoleon III.

Stabilized & Industrialized France!Stabilized & Industrialized France!

Nationalism in ItalyNationalism in Italy

Stirrings of NationalismStirrings of Nationalism

Italian Peninsula had not been unified since Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empirefall of Roman Empire

Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government into competing states, each with own government

Napoleon invaded ItalyNapoleon invaded Italy United many states under one governmentUnited many states under one government

Unification did not lastUnification did not last

After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian statesstates

Spirit of nationalism began to rise through EuropeSpirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe

Italian UnificationItalian Unification

Piedmont-Sardinia was the Piedmont-Sardinia was the largest/most powerful Italian statelargest/most powerful Italian stateLiberal ConstitutionLiberal ConstitutionMany Italians wanted to be unified under Many Italians wanted to be unified under

this state!this state!Austria occupied northern ItalyAustria occupied northern Italy

Count Camillo di Cavour, with French Count Camillo di Cavour, with French help, won northern Italy from Austria.help, won northern Italy from Austria.

Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Sicily in Giuseppe Garibaldi captured Sicily in the south.the south.Army of Red ShirtsArmy of Red Shirts

Italian Unification Cont’dItalian Unification Cont’d

Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite the two sections.the two sections.

1880-King Victor Emmanuel II led the 1880-King Victor Emmanuel II led the united Italy.united Italy.

Rome was capital.Rome was capital.Venetia and the Papal States were Venetia and the Papal States were

soon added.soon added.

German NationalismGerman Nationalism

The German ConfederationThe German Confederation

39 loosely joined states39 loosely joined statesAustria and Prussia were the Austria and Prussia were the

largest/most powerful German largest/most powerful German states.states.

PrussiaPrussia

Germanic populationGermanic populationPowerful armyPowerful armyLiberal constitutionLiberal constitutionKaiser Wilhelm I was in power.Kaiser Wilhelm I was in power.

Supported by the JunkersSupported by the JunkersAppointed Otto Von Bismarck (a Junker) Appointed Otto Von Bismarck (a Junker)

to be Prime Minister.to be Prime Minister.

BismarckBismarckBismarck took control of Prussia.Bismarck took control of Prussia.Realpolitik: the politics of realityRealpolitik: the politics of realityHe said that decisions would be He said that decisions would be

made by “blood and iron.”made by “blood and iron.”Wanted German unification!Wanted German unification!

German UnificationGerman Unification

3 Wars of German Unification. 3 Wars of German Unification. These were with…These were with…

1.1. DenmarkDenmark

2.2. AustriaAustria

3.3. FranceFrance

Germany V DenmarkGermany V Denmark

Austria and Prussia formed an Austria and Prussia formed an alliance to take land from Denmark. alliance to take land from Denmark.

The Seven Weeks WarThe Seven Weeks War

Bismarck purposefully created border Bismarck purposefully created border conflicts with Austria to provoke conflicts with Austria to provoke them into declaring war on Prussia.them into declaring war on Prussia.

The Franco-Prussian WarThe Franco-Prussian War

Bismarck needed support from the rest of Bismarck needed support from the rest of the German states.the German states.

Changed the wording of a telegram to Changed the wording of a telegram to make it seem like Wilhelm I had insulted make it seem like Wilhelm I had insulted the French ambassador to Prussia.the French ambassador to Prussia.

Published the telegram in the media.Published the telegram in the media. French were mad and declared war.French were mad and declared war. This began the Franco-Prussian War.This began the Franco-Prussian War. Napoleon III was defeated.Napoleon III was defeated. Germany was unified!!!Germany was unified!!!