NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

Nationalism

 is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation.

In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity.

Rise of Nationalism in Europe Nationalism has been an important

factor in the development of Europe. A wave of romantic nationalism, in the

19th century, swept the continent of Europe transforming the countries of the continent.

This early romantic nationalism in Europe was strongly inspired by Rousseau, and by the ideas of Johann Gottfried von Herder.

sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution‘

 began in 1789 with the convocation of the Estates-General in May

was a period of radical social and political upheaval in French and European history that saw a series of major changes in power and political system as well as Revolutionary Wars.

French Revolution

English Revolution has been used to

describe two different events in English history:

- Glorious Revolution of 1688

- the English Civil Wars and Commonwealth period (1640-1660)

It was a period of armed conflict and political turmoil between 1642 and 1660 which pitted supporters of Parliament against the Crown, the trial and execution of Charles I, the replacement of the monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649-1653), the rise of Oliver Cromwell to a virtual military dictatorship, and the eventual restoration of the monarchy.

German Revolution

 was the politically-driven civil conflict in Germany at the end of World War I, which resulted in the replacement of Germany's imperial government with a republic.

The revolutionary period lasted from November 1918 until the formal establishment of the Weimar Republic in August 1919.

The roots of the revolution lie in the German Empire's fate in the First World War and the social tensions which came to a head shortly thereafter. 

 The first acts of revolution were triggered by the policy of the Supreme Command and its lack of coordination with the Naval Command which, in the face of defeat, nevertheless insisted on engaging in a climactic battle with the British Royal Navy.

Italian Unification

was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century.

After witnessing the liberal friendly events that were occurring in Rome, the people of other states started to demand similar treatment.

The revolution in Italy was very much inspired by nationalism and by a great leader named Giuseppe Mazzini. He was one of the first nationalists in Italy and inspired latter events in the revolution of Italy through his ideals, beliefs, and work.

At first, this nationalism was a force for good because it led to more political liberties and social reform.

Later, nationalism became too powerful and led to illusions of racial superiority and imperialism.