SUBMITTED TO -

MR. NAVNEET MUNOTH SIR

SUBMITTED BY -

PRAVEEN MUKATI 141109029

B.PLAN Vth SEM

TABLE OF CONTENTSl. No.

Particulars Page No.

1 Introduction 42 Present Food scenario of India 43 Three Pillars of Food Security 84 National Food Security Mission- Introduction 85 Need for NFSM 86 Key features of NFSM 87 Objectives of NFSM 98 Area of Operation 99 Strategies adopted in NFSM 910 Structure of NFSM 1011 Crops brought under NFSM 1212 Revamped NFSM from 2014-15 1413 Flow of Funds 1414 Action Plans 1715 Monitoring Mechanism 1816 Reporting System 1917 Evaluation 1918 Ongoing Schemes with NFSM 2019 Impacts of NFSM in 11th Five Year Plan 2220 Suggestions 2421 Conclusion 2522 References 26

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List of Tables:

Table No.

Titles Page No.

1 Agricultural Production of Food Grains in India 42 Per Capita net availability of Food grains in India 63 Budget estimates, revised estimates & expenditure

under NFSM in India14

4 Selected State-wise allocation of funds under NFSM in India

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5 Crop-wise amount allocated under NFSM in India 166 Production comparison before and after NFSM 24

List of Figures:

Fig. No.

Titles Page No.

1 Production of Total Food grains in India 52 Projected requirement of Food grains compared to

population in India7

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INTRODUCTION

India being an agrarian country signifies the importance of Agriculture and hence the backbone of the country’s national economy. Approximately 67 per cent of the working population in this country belongs to the agriculture sector. Also India being the 2nd largest populated country demands a high amount of food grain consumption in the country and the per capita availability of food grains has been recorded as 492 g/capita/day. Hence there raises the question of whether really Indian agriculture can provide the adequate amount of food keeping the pace with the geometrically multiplicative population growth ? Are we really secured in food production?

PRESENT FOOD SCENARIO OF INDIA:

2nd largest arable land(184 million hectares) in the world after U.S.A. 2nd Largest irrigated land in the world after China. Largest producer of :

Wheat (15% of global production) Pulses (21% of global production) Milk (121.8 million tonnes).

Largest producer and exporter of spices. 2nd largest producer of Rice (22% of global rice production) and the largest producer of

world’s best BASMATI RICE. Largest livestock population. 2nd largest producer of fruits and vegetables. 1st in tea production.

Table 01: Agricultural Production of Food grains in India (2000-01 to 2014-2015):

(In Million Tonnes)

Sl. No.

Year

Cereals

PulsesTotalFood grainsRice Wheat

Coarse Cereals

Total

1 2000-01 84.98 69.68 31.08 185.74 11.07 196.81

2 2002-03 71.82 65.76 26.07 163.65 11.13 174.78

3 2003-04 88.53 72.15 37.60 198.28 14.91 213.19

4 2004-05 83.13 68.64 33.46 185.23 13.13 198.36

5 2005-06 91.79 69.35 34.06 195.20 13.39 208.59

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6 2006-07 93.35 75.81 33.92 203.08 14.20 217.28

7 2007-08 96.69 78.57 40.76 216.02 14.76 230.78

8 2008-09 99.18 80.68 40.03 219.90 14.57 234.47

9 2009-10 89.09 80.80 33.55 203.45 14.66 218.11

10 2010-11 95.98 86.87 43.40 226.25 18.24 244.49

11 2011-12 105.30 94.88 42.01 242.20 17.09 259.29

12 2012-13 105.24 93.51 40.04 238.79 18.34 257.13

13 2013-14 106.54 95.85 43.19 245.79 19.25 264.04

14 2014-15 104.80 88.94 41.75 235.49 17.20 252.68

Source : Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Govt. of India and Reserve Bank of India.

Fig 01: Production of Total Food grains in India

(*)- Target Production

Source : Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Govt. of India.

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Table 02: Per Capita Net Availability of Food grains (Per Day) in India:

(Gram/Capita/Day)

Year Rice WheatOther Cereals

Cereals Gram Pulses Food Grains

2001 190.5 135.8 56.2 386.2 8.0 30.0 416.2

2002 228.7 166.6 63.4 458.7 10.7 35.4 494.1

2003 181.4 180.4 46.7 408.5 8.5 29.1 437.6

2004 195.4 162.2 69.3 426.9 11.2 35.8 462.7

2005 177.3 154.3 59.4 390.9 10.6 31.5 422.4

2006 198.0 154.3 60.5 412.8 10.7 32.5 445.3

2007 194.0 157.8 55.5 407.4 11.9 35.5 442.8

2008 175.4 145.1 54.1 394.2 10.6 15.3 436.0

2009 188.4 154.7 63.9 407.0 12.9 37.0 444.0

2010 182.0 168.2 51.4 401.7 13.5 35.4 437.1

2011 181.5 163.5 65.6 410.6 14.6 43.0 453.6

2012 190.2 158.4 60.0 408.6 13.5 41.7 450.3

2013 159.6 145.8 52.7 358.1 15.3 43.3 401.4

2014 199.0 183.1 62.0 444.1 16.3 47.2 491.2

Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Govt. of India.

India being at the 2nd position in world population has showed a geometrically progression and multiplicative growth in population and hence the increase in food consumption and per capita demand also keep a pace. And it is obvious that there should be more and adequate provision of food to each mouth. But the present production status shows that we cannot meet adequate food demand if there would be no proper steps to increase food production.

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Fig 02: Projected Requirement of Food grains as compared to Population:

Source: Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare

Hunger remains the No.1 cause of death in the world. Aids, Cancer etc. follow. As per Global Hunger Index,2012, 44 per cent of world’s under-nourished children live in India and Over 2 million Indians will sleep hungry every night. Nobel Laureate Chilean poet Pablo Neruda says “For now I ask no more than the justice of eating.”

Food being the important component among essential components of life is given much more priority where each and every person should be sure regarding secure food i.e. food should be available for him at the needy time. Hence the term Food Security comes into eye.

Food Security: The World Food summit (1996) defined food security as existing “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.” Commonly, the concept of food security is defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets people’s daily dietary needs as well as their food preferences.

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Population

Year

Food Insecurity: It has been described as “a condition in which people lack basic food intake to provide them with the energy and nutrients for fully productive lives.” Food insecurity means did not have access at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life.

THREE PILLARS OF FOOD SECURITY: Food security has 3 pillars as the base viz.

I. Food Availability: Food is made possible to meet the demand of population through the increase in production level.

II. Food Access: Proper storage system makes the food available to meet the timely demand and as per the proper price level.

III. Food Utilization: Proper food distribution makes the availability of food as per requirement and complete use of food product.

The elimination of insecurity in food should be the foremost priority and for this purpose the Govt. of India has taken a footstep towards Indian Agriculture and that was a turning point in production level of total food grains.

NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY MISSION

Introduction:

In the view of the stagnating food grain production & an increasing consumption need of the growing population, National Development Council in its 53rd meeting held on 29th May, 2007 adopted a resolution to enhance the production of Rice, Wheat & Pulse by 10, 8 & 2 mt respectively by 2011.

Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, the National Food Security Mission [NFSM], launched by the Government of India during 2007-08, was implemented in 482 districts of 19 States comprising of 144 districts under Rice in 16 States, 142 districts under Wheat in 9 States and 468 districts under Pulses in 16 States during the 11th Five Year Plan period (2007-12).

The Mission is being continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new targets of additional production of food grains of 25 million tonnes of food grains comprising of 10 million tonnes rice, 8 million tonnes of wheat, 4 million tonnes of pulses and 3 million tonnes of coarse cereals by the end of 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17).

Need For NFSM:

The growth in food grain production has stagnated during recent past while the consumption need of the growing population is increasing.

To meet the growing food grain demand and to enhance the production of Cereals & Pulses.

To promote the resource utilization techniques and enhancing the knowledge of farmers.

Key Features of NFSM:

• The scheme to be implemented in a mission mode through a farmer centric approach.

• All the Stakeholders to be actively associated at the District levels for achieving the set goal. 8

• The scheme aims to target the select districts by making available the improved technologies to the farmers through a series of planned interventions.

• A close monitoring mechanism proposed to ensure that interventions reach to the targeted beneficiaries.

Objectives of The Mission:

Increasing production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner;

Restoring soil fertility and productivity at individual farm level;

Enhancing farm level economy (i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence of farmers of targeted districts

Creating employment opportunities.

Area of Operation:

As per 12th FYP, total states brought under NFSM are 27 and total districts are 561 in numbers.

The number of states under NFSM-Rice, NFSM-Wheat, NFSM-Pulses & NFSM-Coarse Cereals are 24,11,16 & 27 respectively.

The number of districts under NFSM-Rice, NFSM-Wheat, NFSM-Pulses & NFSM-Coarse Cereals are 199, 119, 557 & 182 respectively.

Criteria for selection of districts:

Districts with area more than 50,000 ha and yield below State average yield under NFSM-rice and NFSM-wheat have been selected. In case of coarse cereals, the districts covering 70 % of the total coarse cereals area of the State have been selected. All districts of north-eastern states (except Assam) with at least 5000 ha area under rice have been selected. Districts with at least 15000 ha area under rice or wheat in hill states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and Uttarakhand have been selected.

STRATEGIES ADOPTED UNDER NFSM:

Expansion of area of Pulses and Wheat, No expansion of area in Rice

Bridging the yield gap between the potential and the present level of productivity through

Acceleration of seed production

Integrated Nutrient Management and Integrated Pest Management

Promotion of new production technologies like hybrid rice, timely planting of wheat and promotion of new improved variety of Pulses

Supply of input ensuring their timely availability

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Farmers Training and Visits

Strategies revised in 12th Five year plan:

Focus on low productivity and high potential districts including cultivation of food grain crops in rain fed areas.

Implementation of cropping system centric interventions in a Mission mode approach through active engagement of all the stakeholders at various levels.

Agro-climatic zone wise planning and cluster approach for crop productivity enhancement.

Focus on Pulse production through utilization of Rice fallow, Rice bunds and intercropping of pulses with coarse cereals, oilseeds and commercial crops (sugarcane, cotton, jute).

Close monitoring of flow of funds to ensure timely reach of interventions to the target beneficiaries.

Integration of various proposed interventions and targets with the district plan of each identified district.

Constant monitoring and concurrent evaluation by the implementing agencies for assessing the impact of the interventions for a result oriented approach.

Initiatives under 12th Five Year Plan:

From the year 2012-13, six North Eastern states, viz, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim were included under NFSM-Rice and Hill States, viz, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand under NFSM-Rice & Wheat and Jammu & Kashmir under NFSM-Wheat.

In 2013-14, an amount of Rs.2,250.00 crores was provided under NFSM as Plan Outlay and an amount of Rs.2,044.85 crores have bee released to the States.

NFSM has been implemented in 561 districts of 27 States of the country during 2013-14.

STRUCTURE OF THE NFS MISSION:

This Mission is run by a 3 tier operating system structure viz. national, state and district level committees. These are explained below:

1. NATIONAL LEVEL:

The General Council (GC) constituted under the chairmanship of the Union Agriculture Minister would continue to function. The Mission Director will continue to function as Member-secretary of the GC. The GC is the policy making body providing suitable directives and guidance to the Mission and reviewing the overall progress and development of the scheme. The GC is empowered to lay down and amend the operational guidelines, decide need based re-allocation of

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resources across States and districts and approve projects as per the requirements. The GC will meet at least twice a year. The National Food Security Mission Executive Committee (NFSMEC) would continue under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Department of Agriculture &Cooperation to oversee the activities of the Mission and to approve the annual State Action Plans. The NFSMEC will meet once in every quarter.

2. STATE LEVEL:

The State Food Security Mission Executive Committee (SFSMEC) constituted by the State Government under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary to oversee the activities of the Mission in the State will continue. The State Governments have nominated/created a suitable autonomous agency registered under the Societies Registration Act for implementing the Mission at the State and district levels and such an agency could be the State Agricultural Management & Extension Training Institute (SAMETI) at the State Level and the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) at the district level. These will prepare perspective and annual State Action Plan in consonance with the Mission's goals and objectives and in close coordination with SAUs and ICAR Institutes, organize / conduct baseline survey and feasibility studies in the area of operation (district, sub-district or a group of districts) to determine the status of crop production, its potential and demand. Similar studies would also be undertaken for other components of the programmes. Implementation of the Mission's activities in the State through Farmers Societies, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Growers' associations, Self-Help Groups(SHGs), State institutions and other similar entities and organization of workshops, seminars& training programmes are some of the functions.

3. DISTRICT LEVEL:

At the district level, the scheme will be implemented through ATMA. The State Level Agency will provide the required funds to the District Level Agency for execution of the programme at the district/block level. A District Food Security Mission Executive Committee (DFSMEC) constituted in 11th Plan will continue to function for project formulation, implementation and monitoring of the scheme components through the Agriculture Department. DFSMEC has representatives from the line Departments concerned including SAUs, Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), ATMA, progressive farmers, SHGs of farmers and reputed NGOs as its members. The Deputy Director (Agriculture)/District Agriculture Officer is the Member Secretary of the DFSMEC.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM:

The Project Management Team (PMT) constituted at the National level will continue to function under the leadership of the Mission Director. Advisors/Consultants in identified fields of expertise, Program Manager, Senior Programmers, Technical Assistants, and supporting staff will form part of the national PMT. PMTs constituted at the State and the district levels would continue in 12th Plan. States with more than 15 districts under NFSM would be eligible for additional one state level Consultant and two Technical Assistants for every additional 15 districts. The states may engage one accountant in place of one TA at State Head Quarter to assist in preparation and maintenance of accounts etc. The districts covered under NFSM will be entitled for one PMT if the area under any one of the NFSM crops is at least 10000 ha. In addition,

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Crop Development Directorates will be provided with one State level Consultant and two Technical Assistants each. In addition, Rs. 1.2 lakh is allowed annually for hiring the vehicle to each District and State PMT for field visits.

Functions of PMTs:

The Project Management Team will have the following responsibilities:

(a)Guide the States/districts in organizational and technical matters.

(b)Help in the implementation and monitoring of the various interventions of the Mission.

(c)Assist the States/districts in capacity building programmes and record the data on crop yield through crop cutting experiments.

(d)Assist the district and State agencies in concurrent evaluation based on case studies in identified districts and document and disseminate the success stories.

(e)Undertake publicity/ information campaign to create awareness about the Mission activities.

Role of Panchayati Raj Institutions:

Panchayati Raj Institutions will be actively involved in selection of beneficiary and selection of interventions under Local Initiatives in the identified districts. States will prepare Activity Map suitable to their local conditions.

CROPS BROUGHT UNDER THE MISSION:

Basically, Indian food basket consists of various food products but the more demand is towards cereals and pulses which are considered to be the staple food in India. Hence the Mission adopted Rice, Wheat and Pulses under NFSM while creation during 11th FYP.

The Govt. of India could understand the value of Coarse grain cereals in rural livelihoods due to more consumption as well as the nutritional importance of them and hence NFSM- Coarse cereals was initiated in 12th FYP. The crops involved are maize, sorghum, barley, pearl millet, finger millet and small millets (Kudos, Barnyard, Foxtail, Proso and Little millet (Kutki). Also there was a need of increase in economy of India from different sources and a prominent source was identified as Cash crops in India. On that accent there was adoption of NFSM-Commercial crops during 2014-15. The crops included in this are Jute, Cotton & Sugarcane.

COMPONENTS OF NFSM – RICE:

Demonstration of improved technology including hybrid and System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

Incentive for quality seeds of HYVs/hybrids Popularization of new varieties through seed mini kits Promotion of micro nutrients, lime and gypsum Promotion of mechanical weeders and other farm implements Integrated Pest management

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Extension, training and mass media campaign Awards for best performing district in each State. Assistance for innovative interventions at local level.

COMPONENTS OF NFSM – WHEAT:

Demonstration of improved Technology Incentive for quality seeds of HYVs to raise the SRR Promotion of micronutrient use in deficient areas Incentive for promotion of application of Gypsum Popularization of Zero till Machines and rotavator Providing subsidy on diesel pump sets and community generators for irrigation Extension, training and mass media campaign awards for best performing districts Assistance for innovative interventions at local level.

COMPONENTS OF NFSM – PULSES:

Increasing seed replacement rate to 25 per cent from present level of 7-8 per cent Promotion of improved production technologies Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Promotion of micronutrients/gypsum/bio-fertilizers Promotion of sprinkler irrigation Pilot Project on tackling the menace of blue bull Extension, training and mass media campaign Awards for best performing districts Pilot project on demonstration ICRISAT Technologies. A3P (Accelerated Pulse Production Programme)

COMPONENTS OF NFSM- COARSE CEREALS:

Demonstrations will be on coarse cereal crops and coarse cereal based cropping- systems. The crops involved are maize, sorghum, barley, pearl millet, finger millet and small millets

(Kudos, Barnyard, Foxtail, Proso and Little millet (Kutki). Intercropping systems such as maize + urd/ moong/ pigeon pea, sorghum + kharif pulses,

pearl millet + urd/ moong/pigeon pea/moth bean/any other pulse should be selected depending on the area.

COMPONENTS OF NFSM-COMMERCIAL CROPS:

Cotton, Jute and Sugarcane are amongst the main cash crops of India. These crops are grown in food crops sequences in different agro- climatic conditions. In the 12th Five Year Plan, under the NFSM, cropping system approach is being adopted by including commercial crops like cotton, jute and sugarcane to meet the demand for both food & cash crops. This would be possible through proper crop rotation, multiple cropping systems, intercropping etc.

Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) of various commercial crops including inter-crops will be conducted by various institutions.

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Besides, national/state level training, seed production program will be assisted in case of jute and sugarcane.

Insecticide Resistant Management (IRM) and Online Pest Monitoring and Advisory Services (OPMAS) program on Bt-cotton will be continued and supported through ICAR institutions.

REVAMPED NFSM FROM 2014-15:

Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs has cleared the continuation of NFSM programme in the XII Plan with allocation of Rs.12,350 crores including Rs.90 crores for Technology Mission on Cotton and Rs 60 crore for Jute Technology Mission.

Special emphasis will be given on specialized projects such as reclamation of problematic soils, development of water-logged areas and mitigation of adverse effect of climate change for high productivity areas, value chain integration of small producers, assistance to custom hiring centres, marketing support for pulses and millets.

FLOW OF FUNDS:

Funds for implementing the Mission's programme will be released to the State governments with the approval of the NFSMEC. The State governments will release the funds to the State Level Agency. The State Level Agency would make funds available to the District Level Agency in accordance with approved programme of the district. Funds would be released in installments based on the progress reports and submission of utilization certificate. The funds for the implementation of the activities of the components will be released by the State/District Level Agency to the nodal departments for the procurement of the required inputs. The nodal departments will submit the utilization certificate to the State/District Level Agency which, will be compiled and a consolidated utilization certificate, duly authenticated by the DFSMEC and SFSMEC will be submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India for further release of fund. As far as possible 'electronic banking’ will be used for transfer of funds to the State Level Agency and further to the districts. The State Level Agency will have to maintain a separate budget and prescribed accounting system for the Mission, both at the State and district level.

Table no. 03: Budget Estimates, Revised Estimates and Expenditure under National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in India (2009-2010 to 2013-2014)

(Rs. in Crore)

Year Budget Estimates Revised Estimates Expenditure

2009-2010 1350.00 1074.00 1017.09

2010-2011 1350.00 1277.13 1279.76

2011-2012 1350.00 1316.00 1286.15

2012-2013 1850.00 1763.57 1720.78

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2013-2014 2250.00 2036.17 1993.06

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, GOI

Table no. 04: Selected State-wise Allocation of Funds under National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in India (Rs. In Crores)

States Allocation (2014-15)Allocation (2015-16) Released Fund (2015-

16)

Andhra Pradesh 100.28 42.95 20.89

Arunachal Pradesh 15.00 11.93 5.96

Assam 106.18 79.53 38.3

Bihar 91.55 82.92 0

Chhattisgarh 90.01 58.46 29.23

Gujarat 61.71 20.2 0

Haryana 50.62 17.5 8.25

Himachal Pradesh 18.00 8.62 4.31

Jammu and Kashmir 18.00 11.96 5.98

Jharkhand 30.00 26.77 13.38

Karnataka 130.91 79.94 39.55

Kerala 2.01 1.53 0

Madhya Pradesh 260.91 153.2 76.19

Maharashtra 273.67 125.7 61.16

Manipur 15.00 10.2 5.01

Meghalaya 10.22 6.9 3.2

Mizoram 7.50 3.6 1.53

Nagaland 20.16 19.65 6.94

Odisha 71.02 53.7 26.62

Punjab 50.60 26.82 13.14

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Rajasthan 220.40 158.89 79.26

Sikkim 3.010 0

Tamil Nadu 60.62 33.22 16.34

Telangana 61.58 43.93 21.6

Tripura 20.48 9.69 4.25

Uttar Pradesh 273.47 147.59 72.27

Uttarakhand 15.22 10.9 4.95

West Bengal 52.28 35.55 14.88

India 2130.41 1279.15 573.19

Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, GOI

Top 5 States with maximum allocation are Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan & Karnataka.

Table no. 05: Crop-wise Amount Allocated and Released under National Food Security Mission (NFSM) in India(2014-2015 and 2015-2016)

(Rs. in Crore)

Crop Component2014-15 2015-16

Allocation Release Allocation Release

Rice 610.47 462.47 336.32 164.99

Wheat 415.7 300.79 160.23 80.12

Pulses 1309.77 818.66 640.16 317.78

Coarse Cereals 248.95 201.95 124.05 59.53

Commercial Crops 21.64 15.65 22.86 4.09

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Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, GOI

ACTION PLANS:

For the FYP, following action plans have been listed out to be implemented:

Cluster demonstration by State Department of Agriculture with technical supports from ICAR/SAUs/Research institutions.

Certified seed distributions ( both HYV and Hybrids ) Assistance in PPC, bioagents, weedicides, Soil protection measures (micronutrients, lime,

gypsum) Assistance in providing Resource conservation techniques/Tools like Cono weeder, Manual

sprayer, Knap sack sprayer, Multi-crop planter etc. Incentives for pump sets, paddy threshing machine, transplanters Cropping system based trainings i.e. 4 sessions ( one each before Kharif & Rabi, one each

during Kharif & Rabi ) Project Management Team assistance Demonstration by NGOs, Specialized projects

INTERVENTIONS ADOPTED:

New production technologies New varieties of Rice, Wheat, Pulses are distributed Agronomic practices through Cluster demonstration/Frontline demonstrations in 3.28 lakh

ha. area (XI FYP) & 6.91 lakh ha. (XII FYP). HYVs & Hybrids distribution: 174.77 lakh qtls. (XI FYP), 34.91 lakh qtls. (2012-13) Treatment with soil amelirorants: 123 lakh ha. (XI FYP), 33.60 lakh ha. (2012-13) IPM treatment in 49.58 lakh ha. (XI FYP), 7.02 lakh ha. (2012-13) Distribution of improved farm machineries & water saving devices: 74.70 lakh (XI FYP),

8.55 lakh (2012-13) FFS establishment for capacity building of farmers: 49,151 nos. (XI FYP), 9446 (2012-13) Under A3P, 1416 units of 1000 ha. per unit block demonstration. 5049 in 2012-13

PATTERN OF ASSISTANCE:

1. DEMONSTRATION:

Improved Package for Rice/ Wheat/ Pulses- Rs. 7500/ha. , for Coarse cereals- Rs. 5000/ha.

Cropping system based – Rs. 12500/ha.

2. SEED DISTRIBUTION:

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HYV Rice/Wheat/Coarse cereals- Rs. 10/kg.

HYV Pulse- Rs. 25/kg.

Hybrids Rice/Wheat/Pulses- Rs. 50/kg.

Hybrids Coarse cereals- Rs. 15/kg.

3. MACHINERIES:

Loans for small implements like chaff cutters, Sprayers- Rs. 600-5000/ha.

For Sprinklers, Water pump sets etc. – Rs. 6000-10000/ha.

For Transplanters- Rs. 75000/ha.

4. PLANT PROTECTION:

Rs. 500/ha.

5. Micronutrients & Soil ameliorants- Rs. 100-150/ha.

TRAINING OF FARMERS:

Location and the list of beneficiaries for Farmers’ Field School to be approved by DSFMEC.

There will be a season long training of the farmers in their fields for a single day in a week. Demonstration plots/fields of the programme will be used as training points in FFS. There will be one FFS for every 1000 ha of area. Two Facilitators from SAUs / Government

of India and ICAR Institutes, will run each FFS. The number of farmers will be limited to 30 only for each FFS.

MONITORING MECHANISM:

The Mission will have a strong mechanism of monitoring and evaluation with the involvement of all the implementing agencies and the line departments. At the district level, monitoring will be undertaken by DFSMEC supported by the Project Management Team. Close monitoring of physical and financial targets of various program interventions would be done by the monitoring teams. Format for monitoring these interventions would be prescribed by NFSMEC. The State Department of Economics and Statistics will be involved in adopting the prescribed format for data collection pertaining to different parameters of the Mission for monitoring to suit the local requirements. At the State level, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the Chairmanship of the State Mission Director with members from the line departments, SAUs, Lead Bank, NABARD, ICAR institutes and Crop Development Directorates of DAC. At the National level, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the Chairmanship of the Mission Director with members from DAC, ICAR, SAUs, CDDs, research institutions concerned and officials of State Departments concerned. The nine Crop Development Directorates will be involved in monitoring of the Mission activities in States assigned to them. The National Level Monitoring Teams (NLMOTs) would be constituted for each state for monitoring the activities of the Mission.

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REPORTING SYSTEM:

The State Department of Agriculture will ensure submission of Quarterly Progress Reports (QPRs) which should reach by the 15th of the month following each quarter. Similarly, the detailed Annual Progress Report (APR) should be sent to the National Mission Director, within three months after the end of the year. One copy of the quarterly/annual report of NFSM-Rice should be sent to the Directorate for Rice Development, Patna, of NFSM-Wheat to the Directorate of Wheat Development, Ghaziabad and of NFSM-Pulses to the Directorate of Pulses Development, Bhopal and NFSM-Coarse cereals to Directorate of Millets Development, Jaipur. The formats for reporting would be as prescribed by the NFSMEC.

EVALUATION:

A baseline survey will be conducted by the State Department of Agriculture/ State Department of Economics & Statistics to know the resource endowments of the farmers and the level of crop productivity. Concurrent Evaluation will be done every year. The State Department of Agriculture/ Department of Economics and Statistics/SAU would be responsible for conducting this evaluation to assess the performance of the Mission commensurate with annual action plan and its objectives. In the 3rd year of implementation of the NFSM, a mid-term evaluation at the National Level will be undertaken through an independent agency/organization on performance and shortcomings so as to take the remedial measures / make required changes in the scheme and its method of implementation. Impact Evaluation Study/Studies at the National Level will also be undertaken through an independent agency after the third year of implementation to assess the impact of the scheme in increasing the productivity of rice, wheat, pulses and coarse cereals and enhancement of farmers' income. Information communication technology (ICT) will be used for reporting, monitoring and evaluation of the Mission. Specialized software for the reporting, monitoring and evaluation of the Mission's activities already exists.

Criteria for Identification of Areas and Beneficiaries:

In accordance with the decision of the Government of India regarding implementation of Special Component Plan (SCP) for Scheduled Castes and Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes, 16% of the total allocation for SCP and 8% for TSP will be earmarked. The allocation to SC/ST farmers will be made proportionate to their population in the district.

At least 33% allocation of the fund is to be made for small and marginal farmers. At least 30% allocation of the fund is to be made for women farmers. 12.4 All the farmers are entitled to avail the assistance for various components of the Mission limited to 5 hectares in a season.

A district level Seed Committee will be constituted by the Chairman of DFSMEC which will be tasked to verify the list of beneficiaries for seeds, its indent and the ultimate distribution to end users. In case the subsidy on seed is administered at source, the list of beneficiaries may be approved post-facto subject to random verification.

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Zonal research stations of SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, reputed NGOs and other line departments will be actively involved in planning and execution of demonstrations, training of farmers and evaluation. The Project Management Team at the district level will help in developing synergy among research institutes and various line departments to get the desired output.

ONGOING SCHEMES WITH NFSM:

BGREI (Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India):

Initiated in 2010-11. Operated in seven eastern Indian states i.e. Assam, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha,

Eastern Uttar Pradesh & West Bengal. The goal of the BGREI program is to harness the water potential for enhancing rice

production in Eastern India which was hitherto underutilized. During 2010-11, the major focus of the States was on promotion of improved crop

production technologies of major crops, water harvesting measures and their utilization for overall agriculture development.

In the subsequent years 2011-12 and 2012-13, the program provided a more focused approach on medium and long term strategies for asset building activities of water conservation and utilization along with short-term strategies pertaining to transfer of technology of major cereals.

Pilot Scheme on Nutri-farms:

Initiated in 2013-14 as a sub scheme of Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana. Implemented in 100 high malnutrition burden districts of nine states of India viz. Assam,

Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand.

Small Farmers’ Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) designated as agencies to procure the produces from high nutritional states, to provide or distribute through Mid day meal Programme under Integrated Child Development Scheme (1975) and National Child Labour Project (2004).

Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets Promotion (INSIMP) Programme:

Government has announced an allocation of Rs. 300 crores in 2011-12 under Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana for promotion of millets as Nutri-cereals. Scheme on Initiative for Nutrition Security through Intensive Millets Promotion has been formulated to operationalize the announcement.

The scheme aims to demonstrate the improved production and post-harvest technologies in an integrated manner with visible impact to catalyze increased production of millets in the country.

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Besides increasing production of millets, the Scheme through processing and value addition techniques is expected to generate consumer demand for millet based food products. The Scheme will be implemented from Kharif 2011.

Maize component of Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm and Maize (ISOPOM):

In order to provide flexibility to the States in implementation based on regionally differentiated approach, to promote crop diversification and to provide focused approach to the programmes, the four erstwhile schemes of Oilseeds Production Programme, Oil Palm Development Programme, National Pulses Development Project and Accelerated Maize Development Programme have been merged into one Centrally Sponsored Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oilpalm and Maize (ISOPOM) being implemented from 1.4.2004.

Under ISOPOM, Maize Development Programmes are being implemented in 15 States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhatisgarh, Gujarat, J&K, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, U.P. & West Bengal.

The main emphasis had given for transfer of modern crop production technology to the farmers’ fields through front line demonstrations, field, IPM & seed minikit demonstrations, officers and farmers trainings, conference/ seminars/workshops on Maize Development, use of improved implements, etc.

Dual purpose coarse cereals of Accelerated Fodder Development Programme (AFDP):

The programme envisages accelerating production of fodder through promotion of integrated technologies and processes for enhancing the availability of fodder throughout the year.

The programme proposes a multi-pronged strategy to achieve the stated objectives:I. Production of Quality Seeds: Supporting/Strengthening State Agricultural Universities for production of breeder and foundation seeds of selected promising varieties/hybrids of fodder with participation of farmers.II. Production of Fodder: Organizing fodder production programme based on clusterapproach in the selected/targeted clusters preferably in dairy catchment areas of the potential States by promoting appropriate and region-specific fodder varieties.III. Adoption of appropriate technologies for Post Harvest Management: Technologies like fodder block making units, chaff cutter for fodder processing and silage making would be promoted in the selected/targeted clusters.

Technology Mission on Cotton (TMC):

The Govt. of India launched Technology Mission on Cotton in February 2000. The objective of TMC was as under:

To improve the yield and quality of cotton, particularly in respect of staple length, micronnaire, strength, etc. through development of better cotton varieties as well as through improved seeds, and integrated water, nutrient and pest management technologies.

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To increase the income of the cotton growers by reducing the cost of cultivation as well as by increasing the yield per hectare through proper transfer of technology to the growers.

To improve the quality of processing of cotton, particularly in respect of trash, contamination, etc. by improving the infrastructure in the market yards for cotton and by modernizing the existing ginning & pressing factories and setting up new units.

Jute Technology Mission (JTM):

The Government has given special importance to jute crop. The Ministry of Textiles has announced the National Textile Policy, 2000 which recognizes the significance of jute in India 's economy especially for the eastern and northeastern part of the country. Realising the problems of the jute economy and the need to make it more competitive, the Government took initiative to launch Jute Technology Mission (JTM) for overall development of Jute Sector. In the meantime, the Government has announced the National Jute Policy, 2005 which inter-alia gave more thrust on the development of jute sector. The Jute Technology Mission has been launched during 2006 jointly by the Ministry of Textiles and Ministry of Agriculture to achieve the following objectives.

i) Develop high yielding varieties to improve productivity and acceptability in markets

ii) Improve retting practices to get better quality fibre

iii) Transfer of cost effective technologies to the farmers

iv) Create strong market linkages

v) Expand the scope for marketing of diversified jute products within the country and abroad.

IMPACTS OF NFSM IN 11TH FIVE YEAR PLAN:

The National Food Security Mission [NFSM] which was launched by the Government of India during 2007-08 was implemented in 482 districts of 19 States comprising of 144 districts under Rice in 16 States, 142 districts under Wheat in 9 States and 468 districts under Pulses in 16 States during the XI Plan period. An impact evaluation study of the programme has been carried out by AFC at the instance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The sample size for the study comprised of 80 beneficiaries and 20 non-beneficiary farmers each from 30 NFSM districts of 14 Rice growing States, 28 NFSM districts from 9 Wheat growing States and 38 NFSM districts from 14 Pulses growing States. A total of 9600 farmers comprising of 7680 beneficiary farmers and another 1920 non-beneficiary farmers formed the sample for the field survey. The sample includes adequate number of farmers horizontally drawn from across all the interest groups to make it fairly representative in order to assess the true impact of the programme. The data / information were collected from the implementing agencies, farmers - both beneficiary and non-beneficiary and other sources by using various observation schedules / questionnaires containing a set of questions logically related to a problem under study in the survey protocol. The data was analyzed using appropriate analytical tools and necessary inferences have been drawn to arrive at conclusions.

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RICE: All the 30 NFSM study districts had a total area of 44.92 lakh ha. under rice cultivation during the base year of 2006-07 which shrunk to 44.00 lakh ha. in terminal year of 2011-12 of the XI Plan. In the terminal year of 2011-12 of the 5th year of the XI Plan, the overall rice area of the study districts had shown a decline by -1.90% over the base year of 2006-07. Only 12 [40%] districts had enlarged their rice cultivated area. The total rice production in the study districts was 79.92 lakh tonne during the base year of 2006-07 which increased to 100.44 lakh tonne in 2011-12 recording an impressive growth rate of 25.68%. As at the end of the XI Plan, the majority of 22 [73%] of the study districts demonstrated increase in production. The average yield at all States level, which stood at 1779 kg/ha. during the base year of 2006-07 rose to 2279 kg/ha. in 2011-12 thus recording a yield gain of about 28% over the base year, which was remarkable.

WHEAT: All the 28 NFSM districts had a total area of 30.24 lakh ha. under wheat cultivation during the base year of 2006-07 which increased to 33.23 lakh ha. in 2011-12 and registered a growth rate of 9.9% over the base year, which is significant. A majority of 20 [71%] of the districts had enlarged their wheat acreage. The total wheat production in the study districts during the base year of 2006-07 was 87.79 lakh tonne which increased to 105.94 lakh tonne in 2011-12 recording an impressive growth rate of 20.68%. The growth rate in wheat production during all the 5 year period of the XI Plan has shown a steady rising trend all along. The majority of 19 [68%] districts demonstrated a positive growth in wheat production. The average wheat productivity in relation to the study districts which worked out to 2903.41 kg/ha during the base year of 2006-07 with wide across the States variations, increased to 3187.99 kg ha. in the terminal year of 2011-12 of the 11th Plan. The XI Plan closed with a normal increase of 9.8% in wheat yield.

PULSES: All the 38 NFSM districts had a total area of 38.24 lakh ha. under pulses cultivation during the base year of 2006-07 which decreased to 34.56 lakh ha. in 2011-12 and registered a negative growth rate of -9.63% over the base year. In the terminal year of 2011-12 of the XI Plan, a majority of 23 [61%] of the districts had recorded a negative growth rate in pulses area. The total pulses production in all the study districts was 23.78 lakh tonne during the base year of 2006-07 which increased to 27.86 lakh tone in 2011-12 recording a promising growth rate of 17.16%. The average yield at all districts level, which was 621.82 kg/ha. in the base year rose substantially to 806.13 kg/ha. in 2011-12. recording an impressing growth rate of 29.64% even though there was decrease of about 10% in the area.

Also few notable changes like loss of traditional varieties up to 30-52 per cent due to adoption of HYVs & Hybrids and growth rate observed 57 per cent & 12.6 per cent in number of farmers accepting NFSM guidelines and area respectively in year 2011-12.52-74 per cent increase in net returns is observed.

Overall increase in productivity:

Rice: 23.94%

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Wheat: 15.14%

Pulses: 15.90%

TABLE NO. 06: Production Comparison before and after Mission (in million tonnes):

Sl. No. Components 2006-07 (Base year)

2011-12 (NFSM end year)

Target Achieved

1 Rice 93.36 105.31 10 12

2 Wheat 75.81 94.88 8 19

3 Pulses 14.20 17.09 2 3

4 Total food grains - - 20 34

Source: Agicultural Finance Corporation of India (2013)

SUGGESTIONS:

This Mission was a boost in agriculture sector which enhanced the national production level with the area expansion as well as productivity increase. The achievements notwithstanding, there still remains a large untapped yield potential reservoir for the exploitation of which Mission has to step up its efforts further. The scope for horizontal expansion of area under rice cultivation during Kharif is limited. The only way to sustain production to meet the requirement is either to increase the productivity per unit area or increasing gross cropped area [multiple cropping], coverage of area under irrigation and improvement in the productivity levels, even during Rabi & Summer. Finishing the binding of area will invite and encourage many non-beneficiary farmers to adopt this Mission.

Fallow lands can be used for the sowing of wheat during this season through appropriate technologies, inputs and extension services. This, however, will require investment in water-saving techniques both for storage of water and its most economical use.

There is an ample opportunity to increase the area under pulses in many States. It is estimated that additional about 5 million hectares could be realistically brought under Pulses by working out region and farming system specific strategy.

The pace of Seed Replacement Rate has, however, not been fast as sufficient quantities of certified seed are not available from all the seed sources put together. Various efforts have been made to ensure availability of good quality seeds of high yielding varieties/hybrids, yet nearly 70-75% of the total seed requirements are met by the farm-saved seed.

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There should be proper monitoring network. In the absence of adequate number of staff/consultants or non-engagement of consultants in the Mission Cell, it could not be possible to undertake proper monitoring work, as envisaged under the programme.

The present Management Information System needs to be further strengthened. Efficient and effective MIS is essential for proper planning and fulfillment of Mission objectives. The targets for conduct of FFS should be corresponding to the availability of technical experts in respective block / district.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Mission has helped in widening the food basket of the country with sizeable contributions coming from the NFSM districts. The focused and target oriented implementation of mission initiatives has resulted in bumper production of rice, wheat and pulses. Significant outputs have been recorded under NFSM since inception of the Mission in 2007-08 up to the terminal year of XI Plan i.e. 2011-12. New farm practices have been encouraged through 6.52 lakh demonstrations of improved package of practices on Rice, Wheat and Pulses. There has been an increase in input consumption of seeds, Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), IPM and machinery components due to awareness generated at the district level towards use of quality seeds, nutrients, plant protection chemicals and farm machinery. Farmers have enthusiastically responded to NFSM supported farm machinery components, especially to zero till seed drill, rotavator etc. which is evident from the increased sale of these machines supported by Mission.

Thus, the Mission has made significant achievements in terms of accomplishment of goals set for.Keeping in view the need for sufficient food grains stock to meet the domestic demand and for food security, it is imminent that the present Mission mode programme is continued in the XII Plan by widening its scope & ambition.

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References:

www.nfsm.gov.in/

National Food Security Mission, Operational Guidelines in 12th Five Year Plan, Annual Report (2012-13), Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Govt. of India.

National Food Security Bill, 27th Annual Report (2012-13), Standing Committee on Food, Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution, Department of Food and Public Distribution, Ministry of Food & Public Distribution.

THOMAS, SUNDARAMOORTHY, JHA, 2013, The Impact of National Food Security Mission on Pulse Production Scenario in India: An Empirical Analysis, International Journal of Agricultural Statistics and Science, 9 (1) : 213-223.

ACHARYA, 2009, Food Security and Indian Agriculture: Policies, Production Performance and Marketing Environment, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 22 : 1-19.

The Impact Evaluation of National Food Security Mission (NFSM), Annual Report (2014), Agricultural Finance Corporation Limited.

ACHARYA, S.S., 2009, Indian Agriculture and Food Security: Current Concerns and Lessons, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, 7 (1) : 127- 148.

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