NATIONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ON ENVIRONMENTAL ... · PDF filethe united republic of...

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

VICE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

NATIONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ON

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY,

GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN

TANZANIA (2015 - 2019)

DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENT JANUARY, 2015

ii

FOREWORD

Underutilization of environmental resources contributes

to little achievements in economic growth and poverty

reduction. Unsustainable utilization of resources in

various sectors has brought serious environmental

problems such as: Land degradation; Lack of accessible

to good quality water for both urban and rural

inhabitants; Environmental pollution; Loss of wildlife

habitats and biodiversity; as well as Deterioration of

aquatic systems; and Deforestation.

Tanzania has developed various initiatives to address the relationship between

environmental sustainability, growth and poverty reduction. Such initiatives include;

development and implementation of the National Environmental Policy (1997) and the

Environmental Management Act (2004), National Strategy for Growth and Reduction

of Poverty (NSGRP II) 2010, National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP 2013) and

the Tanzania Development Vision 2025. These initiatives call for mainstreaming

environmental issues in sectoral policies, plans, programmes and strategies with the

aim of promoting sustainable utilization of resources for economic growth and poverty

reduction.

Together with these initiatives, Tanzania is still facing environmental challenges in

terms of management, conservation and resources utilization manifesting itself in

poverty and negative socio-economic development. The approaches for environmental

management in these initiatives are not well communicated to the implementers. It is

against this backdrop, the Vice President’s Office spearhead the process of developing

of communication strategy for integrating environmental issues in the Pro-poor

Economic Growth and Environmentally Sustainable Development. The strategy is one

of the components of the Pro-Poor Economic Growth and Environmentally Sustainable

iii

Development project coordinated by the Planning Commission. The Aim of this

strategy is to facilitate knowledge sharing on economic growth and development

including: gender-sensitive and environmentally sustainable strategies. The strategy is

targeting policy and decision makers, private sector and civil society with the key

messages on environmental sustainability, growth and poverty reduction.

The development and implementation of the communication strategy is in line with the

National Environmental Policy (1997) and Environmental Management Act (2004). It

is my hope that the strategy will enable policy and decision makers to Integrate

environmental sustainability in the national development policies, strategies, budgets

and monitoring systems for economic growth and poverty reduction.

Eng. Dr. Binilith S. Mahenge (MP)

MINISTER OF STATE - ENVIRONMENT


iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The preparation of this National Communication Strategy

on Environmental Sustainability, Growth and Poverty

Reduction in Tanzania involved various stakeholders

whose efforts and inputs are worth mentioning.

First of all, I extend my appreciation to the drafting team

led by prof. Luoga, under the coordination of the Vice

President’s Office, for their commitment during drafting

of this Strategy. Members of the drafting team comprised

of a technical staffs from the Vice President’s Office-Division of Environment.

I would like also to thank implementing partners for participating in the preparation of

this Strategy. These include President’s Office - Planning Commission (POPC); Prime

Minister’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Government Authority (PMO-

RALG); and Ministry of Finance (MoF).

I thankful Eng. A. Madete, Deputy Permanent Secretary; Dr. J.K. Ningu, Director of

Environment; and Mrs. E. Makwaia Assistant Director, Environmental Conservation of

the Vice President’s Office, for their supervisory role in the development process of the

Strategy.

I am pleased to thank the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for providing funds for development

of this Strategy through their joint Programme “Pro-Poor Economic Growth and

Environmentally Sustainable Development” under United Nations Development

Assistance Plan (UNDAP).

Finally, I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all stakeholders who

in one way or another contributed in the preparation of this Strategy.

Sazi B. Salula

PERMANENT SECRETARY


iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. iv

LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................... iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... vii

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background Information ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rationale for Communication Strategy ............................................................... 3

1.3 Objectives and Principles ..................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Overall Objective .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 Principles ....................................................................................................... 4

2.0 REVIEW OF RELEVANT COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES ................... 6

3.0 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT ................................................................. 8 3.4 General Public .................................................................................................... 10

3.5 Private Sector Organizations (PSOs) ................................................................. 10 3.6 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) .................................................................. 11 3.7 Development Partners (DPs) .............................................................................. 11

3.8 Politicians ……………………………………………………………………...11 3.9 Academia ………………………………………………………………………11

3.10 Media ………………………………………………………………………12

4.0 COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AND MESSAGES ................................... 15 4.1 Communication Channels, Dissemination and Target Groups .......................... 15

4.1.1 Print media .................................................................................................. 15 4.1.2 Scientific article ........................................................................................... 16 4.1.3 Electronic media .......................................................................................... 16 4.1.4 Video Conferencing .................................................................................... 17 4.1.5 Social media ................................................................................................ 17 4.1.6 Meetings and press conference .................................................................... 18 4.1.7 Mobile telephone ......................................................................................... 18 4.1.8 Community Information Centres ................................................................. 18

4.2 Content of the messages/communication themes .............................................. 19

5.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

STRATEGY .......................................................................................................... 20

6.0 ACTION PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY ............ 21

7.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ............................................................... 30

8.0 RESOURCES MOBILIZATION ....................................................................... 30

v

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Stakeholders’ Roles/ Functions in Implementation of the Communication

Strategy .......................................................................................................... 12

Table 2: Communication Channels and Target Groups .............................................. 19

Table 3: Communication Strategy implementation matrix ......................................... 22

Table 4: Action plan of the communication strategy depicting activities, responsible

party and time frame ...................................................................................... 27

Table 5: Logical Framework for the E-G-P Communication Strategy in Tanzania .... 31

vi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Communication model in relation to E-G-P Communication Strategy ........ 15

Figure 2: Organization structure for implementation of the Communication Strategy in

Tanzania....................................................................................................... 21

iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CBOs Community Based Organizations

CMEAMF Conservation and Management of the Eastern Arc Mountain

Forests

COSTECH Commission for Science and Technology

CSOs Civil Society Organizations

DANIDA Danish International Development Agency

DPs Development Partners

EE Environmental Education

E-G-P Environment-Growth-Poverty

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMA Environment Management Act

EU European Union

FBOs Faith Based Organizations

FYDP Five Year Development Plan

GDF Global Development Finance

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GHGs Greenhouse Gases

GoT Government of Tanzania

GiZ German Technical International Cooperation

ICTs Information and Communication Technologies

ILO International Labour Organization

IRDP Institute of Rural Development Planning

LEAT Lawyers Environmental Action Team

LGAs Local Government Authorities

MCU Multipoint Control Unit

MDAs Ministries Department and Agencies

MDG Millennium Development Goals

MJUMITA Mtandao wa Jumuiya ya Misitu Tanzania

MLFD Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development

v

MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism

MKUKUTA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini Tanzania

MKURABITA Mpango wa Kurasimisha Rasilimali na Biashara za Wanyonge

Tanzania

MoF Ministry of Finance

MVIWATA Mtandao wa Vikundi vya Wakulima Tanzania

NEMC National Environment Management Council

NEECS National Environmental Education and Communication

Strategy

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

NSGRP National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty

OAR Open Access Repository

PEI Poverty Environmental Initiative

PMO-RALG Prime Minister’s Office Regional Administration and Local

Government

POPC President’s Office Planning Commission

PPP Public Private Partnership

PSO Private Sector Organizations

R & D Research and Development

SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation

SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture

STI Science and Technology and Innovations

TASAF Tanzania Social Action Fund

TFCMP Tanzania Forest Conservation and Management Project

TCCIA Tanzania Chamber of Commerce Industry and Agriculture

TUs Trade Unions

UNDAP United Nations Development Assistance Plan

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

URT United Republic of Tanzania

USAID United States Agency for International Development

vi

VNRC Village Natural Resources Committees

VPO Vice President’s Office

VPO-DoE Vice President’s Office - Division of Environment

vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background Information

Natural resources are the main source of livelihoods and it is important asset for

growth and economic development for Tanzanians. Natural resources are the

backbone of the country’s main production sectors such as agriculture, tourism,

fisheries and mining. However, unsustainable utilization of natural resources has

caused serious environmental problems such as land degradation; lack of access to

good quality water; environmental pollution; loss of wildlife habitats and biodiversity;

deterioration of aquatic systems; deforestation and climate change. The Government

of Tanzania has been taking several initiatives to mainstream environmental issues in

the sectoral policies, plans and strategies to promote sustainable development.

Rationale for Communication Strategy

There have been several initiatives that stress on mainstreaming environmental issues

into sectoral policies, plans, programmes and strategies. Despite these initiatives

Tanzania is still facing environmental challenges in terms of management,

conservation and resource utilization. Many of these challenges manifest themselves

into poverty and negative socio-economic development. The formulation of a

Communication Strategy that integrates poverty, growth and environmental issues into

development plans is one of the crucial aspects towards sustainable development. This

Strategy is a tool which will be used by various stakeholders to integrate environment

management in their planning processes to attain economic growth and poverty

reduction. The document will provide opportunity for stakeholders to participate fully

in the management of environment relating to their sector. Since it is recognized that

environmental degradation is linked to economic growth and poverty reduction; the

communication strategies is focusing on sectoral issues in relation to the

Environment Growth and Poverty (E-G-P) linkages. The E-G-P linkage requires a

widespread mobilization for action individually and collectively and this takes time

and resources. In spite of the extraordinary increase in E-G-P linkage information

available at the different scales, and outreach being undertaken by various actors at

viii

national level, there is still insufficient information on E-G-P linkages available about

the challenges and potential solutions for E-G-P linkages, and to bring about the

changes in attitudes and lifestyles needed to tackle it. This is partly contributed by

inadequate communication mechanisms at national and local levels. It is envisaged

that the National Communication Strategy on Environmental Sustainability, Growth

and Poverty Reduction will contribute to effective communication of E-G-P linkage

information at all levels. This Communication Strategy outlines the main stakeholders

in E-G-P triadic nexus. It also moves away from priority sector approach and puts

emphasis on cross sectoral linkages and collaborations so as to contribute to the

Tanzania Development Vision 2025 and ultimately the Millennium Development

Goals (MDGs) especially MDG 1 and 7. The communication strategy 2014-2019 shall

be used throughout the entire programme cycle and beyond.

Overall Objective of the Strategy: Improving knowledge and awareness within the

government and other development actors for addressing environmental challenges,

economic growth and poverty reduction (E-G-P) within the context of sustainable

development.

Specific Objectives of the strategy:

i. To define communication responsibilities of all those involved in E-G-P

linkages;

ii. To identify communication channels for information sharing on E-G-P

linkages;

iii. To raise awareness among stakeholders for sharing of information on E-G-P

linkages;

iv. To increase stakeholders’ access to information on E-G-P linkages; and

v. To strengthen institutional capacity to integrate environmental concerns into

development policy and planning frameworks.

ix

Methodology of developing this Strategy

Implementation of the Communication Strategy

Stakeholders’ involvement

The implementation of this Strategy will involve various stakeholders including

Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies; Local Government Authorities;

General Public; Private Sectors; Civil Society Organizations; Development Partners;

Politicians; Academia and the Media.

Communication Channels involvement

Several communication and information sharing methods/channels shall be applied

either singly or in various combinations depending on the type of content and target

audience. Both one-way and interpersonal communication methods/channels shall be

used complementarily. Technologies such as mobile phones shall be used to enhance

interactions of one-way communication methods such as radio and television.

Multipoint video conferencing facility shall be established to enable interactions and

debates among stakeholders in different locations through simultaneously two-way

video and audio transmissions.

Content of the messages/communication themes

Unlike other communication strategies that focus in one or two thematic areas, this

Strategy carries messages with multiple themes. Key themes that are considered

priority for communicating among stakeholders shall be those linking environment

management, economic growth and poverty reduction.

Institutional Coordination

This Communication Strategy shall be implemented within the framework of

Government systems as stipulated by Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004).

The VPO shall be the lead coordinators of this Communication Strategy. At national

level, various Ministries, Departments and autonomous Agencies (MDAs) are

responsible for implementing the strategy by drawing key messages. Quarterly reports

shall be produced by key stakeholders and coordinated by VPO.

x

Resource Mobilization

Resources for the Operationalization of this Strategy shall be disbursed from POPC as

guided by the programme document, work plans and contract/subcontract agreements.

Funds shall be expended according to the respective government financial regulations.

VPO-DoE will need to mobilize resources from other sources including the

Government, private sector and development partners as the budget is generally higher

than the funds specified in the POPC programme document.

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Information

Natural resources are the backbone of the Tanzania’s main production sectors including

agriculture. Being the key sector of the country’s economy, agriculture is the largest

employer of labour force; provides livelihoods to more than three-quarters of the

population; accounts for about half of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and three quarters

of merchandise exports; provides raw materials to local industries; and it is a market for

manufactured goods. Hence, agriculture plays a pivotal role in the country’s economic

growth and poverty reduction. Other important sectors of the economy include tourism,

mining, manufacturing, fisheries, construction, and telecommunication. However, poor

agricultural practices, unsustainable utilization of natural resources and other

uncontrolled human activities have caused serious environmental problems including

land degradation; lack of access to good quality water; environmental pollution; loss of

wildlife habitats and biodiversity; deterioration of aquatic systems; deforestation and

climate change with its associated impacts of prolonged droughts and severe floods.

There have been several initiatives in the country to address factors that constrain

environmental sustainability, economic growth and poverty reduction. These initiatives

stress on mainstreaming environmental issues in sectoral policies, plans, programmes and

strategies with the aim of promoting sustainable utilization of resources for growth and

poverty reduction. Such initiatives include the formulation and implementation of the

National Environmental Action Plan (2013 ), National Environmental Policy (1997),

Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (1999), Environmental Management Act (2004), and

the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP I &II) (2005; 2010).

However, despite these policy initiatives, the country is still facing challenges in of the

management, conservation and utilization of resources; manifesting itself in poverty and

negative socio-economic development. This calls for increased awareness on

environmental issues in relation to other sectors. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop

and implement effective communication mechanisms for sharing environmental related

information.

2

The Government of Tanzania, with assistance from the United Nations Environment

Programme (UNEP) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), developed

a joint programme titled “Pro-Poor Economic Growth and Environmentally Sustainable

Development” under the United Nations Development Assistance Plan (UNDAP). The

purpose of this programme was to support pro-poor economic growth and

environmentally sustainable development through the Poverty and Environment nexus.

The focus areas of this Environment-Growth-Poverty (E-G-P) linkage programme

include capacities in designing pro-poor growth policies, strategies and programmes

with medium and long-term perspectives. Within the overall objective of strengthening

the pro-poor element of national policies for economic growth, the programme aims to

help the country integrate environmental concerns into development management with

a view to maximizing Tanzania’s long term benefits from environmental resources. The

lead implementer for this overarching programme is the President’s Office Planning

Commission (POPC). Other partners responsible with project activities include the

Ministry of Finance (MoF), Prime Minister’s Office Regional Administration and

Local Government (PMO-RALG) and Vice President’s Office– Department of

Environment (VPO-DoE). One of the activities of the programme was to develop and

implement a communication strategy targeting policy and decision makers, local

communities, private sectors and civil society with key messages on environmental

sustainability, economic growth and poverty reduction.

Methodology of developing the Strategy

The development of this Communication Strategy involved the following activities:

Scrutinizing the “Pro-Poor Economic Growth and Environmentally Sustainable

Development” programme documents;

Reviewing relevant literature particularly existing communication strategies on

environment.

Consultations with key stakeholders

3

1.2 Rationale for Communication Strategy

A number of environmental-related communication strategies have been developed and

implemented in Tanzania. These include the Information, Education and Communication

Strategy for the Eastern Arc Mountain Forests of Tanzania (2005); National

Environmental Education and Communication Strategy (NEECS) (2005-2009);

MKUKUTA II Communication Strategy (2011) and the National Climate Change

Communication Strategy (2012). However, these communication strategies were

developed to focus more on sectoral issues; hence missing out important E-G-P linkages.

Furthermore, despite these initiatives, the level of awareness on linkages between

environment, economic growth and poverty among stakeholders is still very low at all

levels. This is attributed to, among other factors, the absence of effective national-wide

communication mechanisms for E-G-P related information and knowledge.

This Communication Strategy fills the above-mentioned gaps as it addresses the triadic

relationship between Environment, Growth and Poverty. It is intended to support the

integration of environmental sustainability in national development planning processes as

per the joint Tanzania/UNEP/UNDP programme on “Pro-Poor Economic Growth and

Environmentally Sustainable Development”. The programme document shows important

lessons from the Poverty-Environment Initiative (PEI) projects. Such lessons include

unrealistic planning of activities, integration of environmental issues across sectors

through coordinated dialogue, reiterated need to include environmental issues into

development processes, the need to support target stakeholders to sustain integration of

poverty and environmental issues, training of technical officers and planners on accessing

and using available environmental data as well as addressing gender, vulnerable groups,

HIV/AIDs and unemployment.

Following these lessons, it is recommended that subsequent support should integrate

poverty and environmental issues into development processes. This Communication

Strategy therefore moves away from priority sector approach and puts emphasis on

holistic cross sectoral linkages and collaborations. The Strategy will be used to reach

policy and decision makers, local communities, private sectors and civil society with key

messages on environmental sustainability, economic growth and poverty reduction.

4

Generally speaking, it will guide the government and other development actors to

develop activities and messages appropriate to their stakeholders.

1.3 Objectives and Principles

1.3.1 Overall Objective

To improve knowledge and awareness within the government and other development

actors for addressing environmental protection, economic growth and poverty reduction

(E-G-P) within the context of sustainable development.

1.3.2 Specific objectives

i) To define communication responsibilities of all those involved in E-G-P linkages.

ii) To diversify communication channels for information sharing on E-G-P linkages.

iii) To enhance interaction among stakeholders for sharing of information on E-G-P

linkages.

iv) To increase stakeholders’ access to information on E-G-P linkages

v) To strengthen institutional mechanisms and capacity to integrate environmental

concerns into development policy and planning frameworks.

1.3.3 Principles

This Communication Strategy respects the following principles:

i. Information Sharing: Multi-level and two-way information sharing is critical

to create ownership, interaction, participation, commitment, and understanding

of E-G-P linkages amongst all shareholders.

ii. Right to information: The strategy recognizes that everyone has right to

information. Thus, the government and private sectors must remove

unnecessary communication blockages for reporting, sharing, and feedback on

E-G-P information amongst all stakeholders.

iii. Mix of communication methods: The complementary mix of appropriate

communication methods that are relevant to different audiences is important to

the success of the E-G-P Strategy.

5

iv. Stakeholder participation: The implementation of the E-G-P Communication

Strategy requires active participation of all stakeholders including various

gender categories.

v. Assurance of Sustainability: The activities derived from the E-G-P Strategy

should be sustainable, easy to be implemented and open to replication in

different areas when required.

vi. Genuine Information Source: The sources of E-G-P information to be

communicated must be known and credible.

vii. Effective monitoring and evaluation: Monitoring and evaluation should be

integrated in the E-G-P Strategy activities to ensure that the work plan is

respected and success is achieved.

6

2.0 REVIEW OF RELEVANT COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

2.1 Introduction

A review of existing relevant communication strategies was made during the formulation

of this communication strategy. Relevant strategies that were reviewed include the

Information, Education and Communication Strategy for the Eastern Arc Mountain

Forests of Tanzania (2005); National Environmental Education and Communication

Strategy (2005); MKUKUTA II Communication Strategy (2011) and the National Climate

Change Communication Strategy (2012). This review was carried out in order to

understand what has already been done in relation to the communication of E-G-P

information, get insights on perspectives and approaches used and identify gaps that were

not addressed by previous strategies.

2.2 Eastern Arc Mountain Communication Strategy (2005)

Information, Education and Communication Strategy for the Eastern Arc Mountain

Forests of Tanzania (2005) was developed by the Conservation and Management of

the Eastern Arc Mountain Forests (CMEAMF) Project. This was the third component

under the Tanzania Forest Conservation and Management Project (TFCMP) of the

Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism (MNRT). The Information, Education and

Communication Strategy provide a framework for communication and information on

the Eastern Arc Mountains. It identifies the main stakeholders as well as the kind of

messages and how they can be effectively delivered. A strong emphasis of the strategy

is to promote information exchange among and between all ‘levels’ of stakeholders

within the eastern arc mountain. The success of this strategy depends on the support of

multiple stakeholders. The strategy addresses some triadic issues on E-G-P but it

covers stakeholders who are around the eastern arc mountain and those who have

direct link in terms of resources conservation around the arc.

7

2.3 The National Environmental Communication Strategy (NEECS) 2005-2009

The NEECS (2005 – 2009) was developed by the Vice President’s Office (VPO) in

collaboration with the Ministry responsible for Education and Culture. The main

objective of the strategy was to operationalize the Environment Management Act Cap

191 that spells explicitly that environmental education is a statutory requirement for

bringing about sound environmental and natural resources utilization in Tanzania. The

strategies provide an opportunity on the public participation in decision making process

in environment management. This could be achieved if people are aware of issues and

their roles in bringing the needed changes. NEECS was also positioned to support the

implementation of the MKUKUTA Communication Strategy in sharing knowledge and

experiences on poverty-environment linkages. NEECS was expected to assist in sharing

the successes and exposing problems encountered in the implementation of education and

environmental management (EE) processes and increase networking among various key

players. However, the major gap of the NEECS is less emphasis on environment and its

limited link with the economic growth.

2.4 MKUKUTA II Communication strategy (2011)

The National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty II (NSGRP II) (2010),

popularly known by its Kiswahili acronym as MKUKUTA II is built on its predecessor

MKUKUTA I (2005/6-2009/10). MKUKUTA II focuses on sustainable economic growth,

improvement of life of the people in Tanzania as well as good governance and

accountability. MKUKUTA II Communication Strategy was developed to trigger

stakeholders’ and beneficiaries’ involvement and secure their commitments by sharing

knowledge and information on MKUKUTA II goals, outcomes and challenges. However,

the main drawback of the MKUKUTA II Communication Strategy it addresses mostly

information and communication activities related to the poverty and economic growth and

very little on environment.

2.5 The National Climate Change Communication Strategy (NCCS) (2012-2017).

NCCS was developed to facilitate the implementation of the National Climate Change

Strategy (NCCS). This Strategy is intended to enhance climate change awareness in the

8

society. The Strategy provides a framework for generating and delivering key climate

change messages to targeted audiences within the context of the national communication

channels and procedure. The main shortcoming of this strategy is that, it focuses more on

climate change adaptation and mitigation issues leaving out pertinent E-G-P linkages.

It is therefore clear that the existing communication strategies are not cohesive as they

are missing out important aspects of Economic Growth. In addition, the implementation

of some of these strategies was limited to particular communities. These gaps will be

filled by this communication strategy as it addresses the triadic relationship of

Environment, Growth and Poverty (E-G-P) issues in the national development. The

implementation of this strategy is assured by the fact that the kick off budget is located

under the Pro-Poor Programme. Another comparative advantage of this communication

strategy is that it will apply modern more interactive communication channels including

video conferencing, social media and mobile telephones.

3.0 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVEMENT

3.1 Introduction

9

The communication process on E-G-P linkages involves many stakeholders with

diverse interests and roles. However, these interests and roles are not mutually

exclusive but cut across the audiences. Audience segmentation is therefore vital for

designing stakeholder-focused and channel-specific messages in order for all

stakeholders to engage fully in the process of ensuring environmental sustainability,

economic growth and reduced poverty. This Communication Strategy has identified

nine different groups of stakeholders to implement this Strategy. The group of

stakeholders include; Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies; Local

Government Authorities; General Public; Private Sector Organizations; Civil Society

Organizations; Development Partners; Politicians; Academia; and the Media.

3.2 Central Government

3.3 The Government has a large network and has a system of communication

through Information, Education and Communication units of each

Ministry. The Government is more familiar with the programme to

support pro-poor economic growth compared to any other audience.

However, the component parts need information on this programme

synergism across sectors and they require a clear definition of roles.

This Communication Strategy aims at encouraging Ministries,

Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to make relevant information within

the central government readily available in order to easily communicate

to other key players. The message to MDAs should focus to portray the

government as a major partner with an important role of policy

formulation, information generation, sharing and implementing

participatory processes (Table 1). Local Government Authorities

(LGAs)

LGAs have the ability to reach quickly communities at the grassroots across the

country as they also comprise of grass root village governments (Table 1). Poverty,

Environment and Growth issues can be addressed at macro level as policy, but the

10

implementation need to be localized at micro level. For example, TASAF projects

which are under LGAs are site specific and can easily be integrated to address E-G-P.

3.4 General Public

Since majority of members of general public have relatively low literacy levels (Table

1), they require information to be in simple language that easily translates the linkages

of environment, growth and poverty reduction into the context of their daily lives. It is

vital that local communities participate in protecting the environment in their respective

areas. It is also important that they are able to speak “up the ladder” to those devising

policies and implementing initiatives to help shape what opportunities are and how they

are implemented. The information intended for these stakeholders should challenge and

inspire people to participate in the transformation of economic and poverty reduction

activities in their communities. Special attention should be placed in ensuring women

are involved in economic transformation as most cultural norms are patriarchal, tending

to isolate women and other disadvantaged groups. Traditionally in many Tanzanian

communities, gender roles subject women to activities like fetching water, fuel-wood

and collection of vegetable, herbs and fruits thus interacting with their environment and

natural resources more often than men. This creates special need for women to be

knowledgeable on sustainable utilization of natural resources and their environment.

3.5 Private Sector Organizations (PSOs)

The PSOs have access to a large segment of the population such as employees, service

users, customers, and investors. Often the PSOs have their own networks and some

have set apart social responsibility funds to address social and environmental issues

(Table 1). PSOs require relevant information in order to take part in policy formulation,

planning and implementation. This communication strategy will provide opportunity

for PSO to integrate environment issues in their planning process in their messages,

PSOs should be portrayed as important partners in spearheading the national economy

and reducing poverty through own initiatives as well as Public Private Partnerships

(PPP). The messages also need to encourage PSOs to communicate E-G-P issues

through their networks and media outlets. For example, most popular media (Radio&

TV stations and newspapers) are owned by private entrepreneurs.

11

3.6 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs)

CSOs are influential groups with the ability to reach different segments of the

population and mobilize groups of people to take action, advocate for social, political,

and economic change and also liaise between the general population and the poor rural

and urban communities (Table 1). Thus, the communication strategy will provide a

guide to CSOs integrate environment-growth-poverty nexus in their related plans,

policies, processes, programmes and projects. They should mobilize people to act

positively on environment for environmental management and economic development.

3.7 Development Partners (DPs)

DPs have experience in implementing strategic plans for environmental sustainability,

growth and poverty reduction within the country and abroad. They are well informed

on economic and social trends nationally and globally. Given their background, DPs

need information on how the policies and programmes in the country are harmonized to

achieve the intended goals as well as on implementation progress and impacts on

economic development and poverty alleviation. These networks have solid connections

globally as well as nationally. Communication strategy need to cover good lessons

(practices) generated from not only within but also outside the country (Table 1).

3.8 Politicians

Politicians play an important role in implementing the programme on support pro-poor

economic growth and environmentally sustainable development because their opinions

are widely broadcast and people are likely to listen to them (Table 1). In this strategy,

politicians include Members of Parliaments who are lawmakers and political parties

who play a watchdog role for political gain and public interests. The messages should

depict environmental protection as an important link in transforming the lives of poor

communities and the national economy at large.

3.9 Academia

12

The academia is able to produce ‘body of evidences’ through researches that could add

value to the communication process, deepening voice and redefining policies on

poverty reduction and economic growth initiatives in Tanzania. Academia has networks

that go beyond national boundaries and include international affiliations. Academia has

the potential to disseminate relevant information in their networks and media outlets

(Table 1).

3.10 Media

Media participants in the context of this strategy refer to media professionals,

practitioners and firms that are entrusted with the duty to inform and educate the public

(Table 1). The purpose of communicating with this group is to encourage them to

improve coverage of programmes on E-G-P linkages. The media are both a means of

communicating with other partners as well as valuable communication partners in their

own right. The Media have experience in disseminating information to large audiences

and the ability to integrate different roles of stakeholders. They should also be

encouraged to provide for discussion of the issues, to make it possible for voices of

stakeholders who otherwise have only limited access to communications technologies

to be heard.


Strategy

S/N Stakeholder Target Groups Roles/ Functions Remarks

1 Central

Government Government

Ministries,

Departments

and Agencies

(MDA)

Devising

policies and

plans and

strategies

Message

(Information)

sources

Message sender

and feedback

receivers

All MDAs are responsible

with the EGP

Communication Strategy

but leading champions are

POPC, VPO-DoE, MoF

and PMO-RALG

2 Local

Government

Authorities

Regional

Administrative

Secretariats

(RAS)

District

Executive

Message

production

Message

dissemination

Message

receivers

Local Government

Authorities have the

biggest advantage of

meeting the general public

through its extended wings

(district- ward – village)

13


Strategy


Director (DED)

LGA Technical

staff

Feedback

generators

3 General Public Peasants,

Pastoralists

Fishermen,

Forest harvesters

and hunters,

Small business

holders,

Civil servants

Message

receivers

Feedback

generators

Key stakeholders as they

are directly involved or

affected with E-G-P

linkages.

4 Private Sector

Organizations Private

enterprises

Private

Individuals

Public Private

Partnerships

(PPP)

Information

senders

Feedback

generators

PPP ensures promotion of

participation of the private

sector and people as a

whole in implementing

EGP issues

5 Civil Society

Organizations

(CSOs)

Non-

Governmental

Organizations

(NGOs),

Community

Based

Organizations

(CBOs),

Trade Unions

(TU),

Faith Based

Organizations

(FBOs)

Mobilizing

people for EGP

Lobbying and

advocacy

Liaison between

Government

and

communities

Efforts should be put to

engage CSOs in

implementing various EGP

interventions in a widest

coverage in the country.

6 Development

Partners (DPs) International

Organizations,

Development

agencies

Diplomats,

Multilateral

agencies and

donors

Funding for

implementation

of EGP issues

Message

Production

Message

receivers

Feedback

generators

Networking for

EGP issues transcend

beyond geographic

boundaries hence

networking (e.g. south-

south cooperation) is

important. Lead

organization include

UNDP and UNEP

14


Strategy


scaling up and

out EGP

strategies

7 Politicians Parliamentarians

Political Parties’

leaders

Councilors

Lobbying and

advocacy

Message

dissemination

Message

receivers

Feedback

generators

Politicians have a platform

to reach grassroots’

communities directly

8 Academia Research

Centres

High learning

Institutions

Lower Learning

Institutions

Message

Production

-Message

dissemination

Message

receivers

Feedback

generators

Lower learning institutions

include primary and

secondary schools which

are very potential groups

for implementing EGP

issues

9 Media Television and

Radio

Broadcasting

companies

Newspapers

printing

Companies

Social media

Disseminating

information to

large audiences

Watchdog roles

Feedback

generation from

the broader

public

The Media need free

access to information in

both public and private

sectors to perform its

duties

15

4.0 COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AND MESSAGES

In the context of this Strategy, communication is broadly defined as the exchange of

ideas, opinions, facts and information through a variety of means and media, through

which the providers (senders) disseminate information and ask for behavioral change,

while the receivers give some feedback as a result of applying information (Figure 1).

Channel

Figure 1: Communication model in relation to E-G-P Communication Strategy

4.1 Communication Channels, Dissemination and Target Groups

There are several communication and information sharing methods/channels which

can be used singly and in various combinations depending on the type of content and

target audience. Likewise, this Communication Strategy shall employ various

communication methods/channels to reach targeted audience. Both one-way and

interpersonal communication methods/channels will be used complementarily. One-

way communication refers to a form of communication where there are no direct

contacts between the sender and receiver of a message. The channels can be generally

grouped into print media, scientific articles, video conferencing electronic media,

telephones, social media, meetings, press conference meetings and community

outreach. The channels of information will be tailored to the target group as presented

in the Table 2.

4.1.1 Print media

This is a type of one-way communication means which include press releases, leaflets,

newsletters, brochures, banners and posters. A library repository shall be established at

the POPC for collecting, organizing and provide access to information resources on E-

Feedback

Message

SENDER RECEIVER

16

G-P. Information materials may include reference books, journals, leaflets, videos and

others. Electronic information resources that shall be organized in an Open Access

Repository (OAR) for wider visibility and accessibility. OAR is a digital collection of

information resources that are online, free of charge and free from most copyright and

licensing restrictions. Other stakeholders such as Universities shall be encouraged to

upload information resources into the online repository.

Newspapers are considered to be the effective means of communication to reach a

variety of stakeholders. This is by virtue of the fact that they are available in different

languages and are easy-to-read by different target groups. Currently, there are more

than 100 registered newspapers in Tanzania. However, newspapers’ circulation is

limited to urban and peri-urban areas; require literate audience; have less coverage on

educational issues; and there is low reading culture among communities. There are

also a number of newsletters that can be used to cover E-G-P related information

although many of these tend to have high cost of production, insufficient circulation

and they require literate audience.

4.1.2 Scientific article

These are published in national, regional and international journals and conference

proceedings on specific subjects and target audience. There are several journals in

Tanzania that publish E-G-P related information. However, journals have

shortcomings that include the fact that circulation is limited to few members of the

subject covered; they are mainly published in English with scientific jargons, and take

long peer-review process.

4.1.3 Electronic media

Television is an effective means of communication which has provision for hearing

and viewing and therefore easily understood. Currently there are about 40 television

stations in Tanzania; some of which have a national-wide coverage. Television shall

play a pivotal role in providing information about E-G-P linkages. However, most

television viewers are based in urban and peri-urban areas and few in rural areas.

Other limitations of TV include high production and broadcasting costs of programs;

TV sets are unaffordable to many households; and there is low priority to educational

17

programs. On the other hand, radio is still the most important media in terms of

coverage, far outstripping all other media. Therefore, it is considered to be the most

effective means of communication to reach a variety of stakeholders. Currently, there

are about 50 radio stations located in cities, towns and rural areas in Tanzania.

Information on E-G-P linkages shall be disseminated using state owned (TBC) or

private radio stations particularly the Sahara and IPP media groups. Radio has

relatively low cost of production and broadcasting; portable; can be used in areas

where there is no electricity; and does not require literate audience. However, radio

may have some limitations including varying listeners’ attitudes and preferences to

educational programmes; few educational programmes being aired; and inadequate

educational background of radio producers on topical issues.

4.1.4 Video Conferencing

The use of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) provides greater

interactivity, wider geographical coverage, cost-effectiveness, and availability on 24/7

basis. Multipoint video conferencing facility shall be established to enable interactions

and debates among stakeholders in different locations through two-way video and

audio transmissions. A multipoint control unit (MCU) shall be located at POPC

whereas terminals shall be put to other key stakeholders such as MoF, PMO-RALG,

UNEP, UNDP, NEMC, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Ministry of

Agriculture, Food Security and Cooperatives, and relevant Universities.

4.1.5 Social media

Websites and web social tools such as Facebook and Blogs are important electronic

communication media for diverse groups of audiences. Currently, there are websites in

almost all MDAs; LGAs, public and private institutions and those owned by

individuals. Websites may increase transparency and ease information exchange;

facilitate the updating of material and various stakeholders to access and share

information. However, websites require reliable internet connectivity and related

computer facilities, need reliable sources of electricity, users must be computer

literate, require regular updating, and have high costs of maintenance and storage. The

use of interactive social media achieves interpersonal communication that gives the

possibility to have opinions exchanged between senders and receivers of messages as

well as among receivers themselves.

18

4.1.6 Meetings and press conference

Interpersonal communication can be achieved through public meetings and press

conferences. Kiswahili is the official language of Tanzania and most communications

aimed at Tanzanian audiences shall be in this language. For the international

stakeholders and academia, English is the most preferred language.

4.1.7 Mobile telephone

Technologies such as mobile phones shall be used to enhance interactions of one-way

communication methods such as radio and television. The use of mobile telephone is

becoming very popular among Tanzanians and has a very high potential to

disseminate messages on E-G-P.

4.1.8 Community Information Centres

Community information centres have been very useful in rural areas where there is no

electrification. Existing countywide networks such as MVIWATA and MJUMITA

have been successfully making use of these centres to promote sustainable farming

and participatory forest management respectively.

19

Table 2: Communication Channels and Target Groups

Communication

channels/methods

Target groups

Go

ver

nm

ent

Min

istr

ies,

Dep

art

men

ts &

Ag

enci

es

Pri

va

te S

ecto

r

Org

an

iza

tio

ns

Lo

cal

com

mu

nit

ies

Lo

cal

Go

ver

nm

ent

Au

tho

riti

es

Civ

il S

oci

etie

s

Org

an

iza

tio

ns

Po

liti

cia

ns

Dev

elo

pm

en

t

Pa

rtn

ers

Aca

dem

ia

Med

ia

Leaflets, flyers, posters &

brochures

X X X X X X X

Newsletters X X X X X X X X

Newspapers X X X X X X X X X

Magazines X X X X X

Radio programmes X X X X X

Community information

centres

X X X X X X X

Programmes on TV X X X X X X X X X

Emails, Websites X X X X X X X X

Web social media X X X X X X X X X

Mobile X X X X X X X X X

Video conference X X X X X X X

Library and OAR X X X X X X X

Awareness events X X X X X

Meetings X X X X X X

Policy briefs X X X X X X

Press competitions X X

Interviews X X X X X X X

Training courses X X X X X X

Workshops/Seminars X X X X X X X X

Study-tours X X X X X X X X X

Reports X X X X X X X X

Circulars X X X X X X X X

Artistic performers X X X X X X X X X

Press releases X

Journals X X X X

4.2 Content of the messages/communication themes

The messages shall be improving the stakeholders’ knowledge about E-G-P linkages

and advocating for the protection of environment. Key themes that are considered

priority for communicating among stakeholders shall be those linking environment,

economic growth and poverty reduction; environment and economic growth; and

environment and poverty reduction. The key messages that shall be communicated to

stakeholders are shown in Table 3.

20

5.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

THE STRATEGY Communication Strategy shall be implemented within the framework of national

systems particularly, the Environmental Management Cap 191. The VPO-

Environment shall coordinate the implementation of this Communication Strategy.

Quarterly reports will be produced by the VPO and shared by the POPC. The progress

of the implementation of the Strategy will be discussed by the “Pro-Poor Economic

Growth and Environmentally Sustainable Development” programme Board members

of which the POPC is the coordinator.

At national level, various Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) are

responsible for implementing the Strategy through policy formulation, information

generation and sharing, resources mobilization and implementing participatory

processes. The Vice President’s Office shall collaborate with MDAs to mainstream

relevant messages and issues in the implementation of the Strategy. Local Government

Authorities (LGAs) shall implement the Strategy by selecting relevant messages and

communicate them to the target audience. District authorities shall also be responsible

for providing feedbacks across all other levels on what is going on regarding E-G-P in

their respective districts.

21

Figure 2: Organization structure for implementation of the Communication Strategy in

Tanzania

6.0 ACTION PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STRATEGY

The implementation process of the communication strategy involves themes in which

key messages will be drawn to send to the target audience through means of

communication such as radio, newspapers, television, newsletters websites and others

social media. Relevant ministries will be responsible to convey relevant messages to

respective audiences. Below is the communication strategy implementation matrix

showing themes with relevant key messages, target audiences, channels and

responsible actors. The implementation of the strategy will take five years.

22

Table 3: Communication Strategy implementation matrix

Themes Key message Target audience Channel/Means of

communication

Responsible

actors Environment (E) Greenhouse gases (GHGs) continue to

increase globally and many countries (both

developed and developing) have not taken

stringent measures to reduce emissions. We

need to think globally but act locally.

MDAs, CSOs, LGAs,

Politicians, DPs

Leaflets, flyers, brochures,

policy briefs, TV & Radio,

newsletters, newspapers

websites & social media.

VPO, MNRT

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)

and Poverty Reduction

(P)

Climate mitigation and adoption are

important in Tanzania and other poor

countries because our economic growth

depends on climate sensitive sectors such

as agriculture, livestock, forestry, water,

transport energy and health.

MDAs, PSOs, Local

communities, LGAs, CSOs,

Politicians, DPs, Academia


policy briefs, newsletters,

websites, social media,

newspapers, TV & Radio,


centres, awareness events

VPO, MNRT,

Academia

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Health related impacts of climate change

have affected many group of societies,

there is a need to provide education on how

to adapt the impacts of climate change.

MDAs, PSOs, Local


Politicians, DPs, Academia,

Media

Leaflets, flyers, posters,

brochures, policy briefs,

TV & Radio, Community

information centres,

Awareness events

VPO, PMO RALG,

Ministry of Health,

Ministry of Lands and

Human Settlement

Development

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Societies are affected by the Impacts of all

kind of pollution. There is a need of

promoting waste management systems

from the family level.

MDAs, PSOs, Local



Media





Awareness events

VPO, PMO RALG,

Ministry of Health,

Ministry of Lands and

Human Settlement

Development

Environment (E) and

Economic Growth (G)

More research is needed to determine the

contribution of forests to total GDP which

is underestimated because of unrecorded

consumption of wood fuels, catchment and

other environmental services

MDAs, CSOs, DPs,

Academia

Newsletters, websites & social

media, Emails, Library and

OAR, Video conference,

meetings

VPO, POPC, MNRT

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

There is a strong need to increase

agricultural productivity while conserving

environment as the current growth rate of

less than 5% is not sufficient to lead to

sufficient wealth creation. Attaining

poverty reduction would require an annual

agricultural growth of about 10%.

MDAs, PSOs, Local



Media





Awareness events

VPO, MAFSC

POPC

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)

Recently, climate change and other extreme

weather events have caused instability in

MDAs, PSOs, local




MAFSC, MLFD, VPO

PMO - RALG

23



communication

Responsible

actors and Poverty Reduction

(P)

crop and livestock production in rural

areas; hence aggravating rural to urban

migration. There is a need to take adaptive

measures so as to maintain rural

population.


Media,


Awareness events,

workshops/seminars

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

There is strong need to apply conservation

agriculture as traditional farming is

associated with poor husbandry practices

such as shifting cultivation and use of bush

fires for farm clearance.

MDAs, local communities,

LGAs, CSOs, Politicians,

Media



TV & Radio programmes,


centres, Awareness events

MAFSC, MNRT

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Traditional free range livestock keeping is

detrimental to environment as is associated

with feeding livestock in water sources and

wetlands and keeping large number of

livestock compared to land carrying

capacity.

Local communities, LGAs,

CSOs, Politicians



TV & Radio programmes,


centers, Awareness events

MLFD, VPO

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Need to join efforts to revitalize

commercial agriculture to promote

employment and reduce rural poverty and

rural-urban migration

MDAs, PSOs, LGAs, CSOs,

Politicians, DPs

Brochures, policy briefs,


media

MAFSC, MoIT

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

In Tanzania, more than 90% of the energy

supply is derived from bioenergy mainly

wood fuel which is consumed in

households for domestic cooking. Other

non-conventional sources such as solar and

wind energy contribute less than 1%.There

is therefore strong need to promote the use

of these alternative sources of energy

which are also environmentally friendly

MDAs, PSOs, CSOs,


Media

Newsletters, newspapers,

websites & social media,

Emails

VPO, MNRT, MEM

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Deforestation is also caused by farming

mal-practices including fuel wood for

curing tobacco and tea and therefore need

to find other sources of fuel wood for

curing agricultural crops.

MDAs, PSOs, local


Politicians


brochures, websites & social

media, TV & Radio

programmes, Community


awareness events

MNRT, MAFSC, VPO

PMO - RALG

24



communication

Responsible

actors Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Adoption of energy efficient technologies

such as energy efficiency stoves has been

low although there has been increased

promotion by various NGOs and the

Government. There is therefore a need to

adopt more efficient dissemination

techniques e.g. The Chololo eco-village

model in Dodoma.

MDAs, PSOs, CSOs,

Politicians, Media

Brochures, newspapers,

emails, newsletters, websites

& social media

VPO, CSO, Academia

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

As charcoal is likely to remain the most

feasible fuel source in foreseeable future,

there is need to improve charcoal kilns to

make them less wasteful i.e. increase the

recovery rate of biomass

MDAs, PSOs, local


Politicians, Academia


websites & social media, TV

& Radio, Community


awareness events

CSOs, MNRT, VPO

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Severe soil erosion which is caused by

changes in land use is a source of siltation

in water reservoirs (including lakes and

reservoirs) and irrigation structures. There

is therefore need for effective conservation

techniques that minimizes erosion.

Local communities, LGAs,

CSOs, Politicians, Academia


websites & social media, TV

& Radio, Community


awareness events

CSOs, MNRT,

MAFSC

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

There is a need to increase modernization

and commercialization of agriculture to

link it with agro industry for enhancement

of value chain and reduce pressure on

environment.

MDAs, PSOs, LGAs, CSOs,


Media


policy briefs,


media, TV & Radio

programmes

VPO, MAFSC, MIT

POPC

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Issues related to Science, Technology and

Innovations (STIs) and Research &

Development (R&D) are critical and need

to be integrated in E-G-P development

agenda

MDAs, CSOs, Politicians,

DPs, Academia



media, workshop/seminars

COSTECH

Environment (E) and

Economic Growth (G)

Particular attention is required to ensure

environmental concerns are mainstreamed

in planning and budgeting process in sector

ministries and local government to ensure

environmental compliance. This includes

application of Environmental Management

MDAs, LGAs, Politicians,

DPs


newsletters, websites & social

media, reports, meetings, TV

& radio programs

workshops/Seminars

VPO, POPC

25



communication

Responsible

actors Cap 191, and Environmental Impact

assessment and Environmental Audit

Regulations (2005).

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Although Tanzanian economy is growing,

the major challenge is to translate

achievements at macro level to sustainable

development at grass root level in order to

reduce pressure on natural resources.

MDAs, LGAs, Politicians,

members of the public



media, reports, meetings, TV

& radio programs

workshops/Seminars

POPC

PMO - RALG

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Need to facilitate provision of services

required to improve farming and livestock

productivity in order to have reasonable

impact on the reduction of rural poverty

with concurrent improved environmental

conservation.

MDAs, LGAs, Politicians Brochures, policy briefs,


media, reports, meetings

VPO, POPC MLFD

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

We need to ensure that E-G-P related

policies and plans are well synchronized in

all ministries and addressed in a more

holistic manner for sustainable

development

MDAs, Politicians Brochures, policy briefs,


media, reports, meetings,

workshops/Seminars

POPC

Environment (E) and

Economic Growth (G)

Tanzanian renewable natural resources are

in constant pressure due to human activities

including changing in land use. To save the

land from further degradation there is need

to develop land use plans for every village.

MDAs, LGAs, Politicians Leaflets, flyers, brochures,

policy briefs, newsletters,

websites & social media

MNRT, MLHSD

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Reducing emissions that are causing global

warming with negative consequences on

economic growth, poverty reduction and

environment will need international

cooperation in almost all interventions.

International cooperation in adaptation and

mitigation is important e.g. South - South

Cooperation

MDAs, PSOs, CSOs,

Politicians, DPs


policy briefs, websites &

social media, Meetings

MNRT, DPs, VPO

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


Participation of Private Sector in

productive activities is imperative to

accelerate sustained growth, poverty

PSOs, CSOs

members of the public



social media, TV & Radio

VPO, POPC

26



communication

Responsible

actors (P) reduction and environmental sustainability.

In order to realize this, further

improvement is necessary for conducive

environment to inspire investors’

confidence.

programmes

Environment (E),

Economic Growth (G)


(P)

Majority of people depend directly on

natural resources for their livelihoods.

There is need to promote sustainable

livelihood activities among communities to

avoid environmental degradation.

MDAs, PSOs, CSOs,

Politicians, DPs



social media, TV & Radio

programmes

VPO, POPC

27

Table 4: Action plan of the communication strategy depicting activities, responsible party and time frame

Activity Target audience

Responsibility Year

1

Year

2

Year

3

Year

4

Year

5

Objective 1: To define communication responsibilities of all those involved in E-G-P linkages

i. Promote the use of this Communication Strategy in

communicating E-G-P information

MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs,

DPs

VPO

ii. Produce and distribute the Communication Strategy using

both print and electronic formats

MDAs, LGAs,

General public

VPO

Objective 2: To diversify communication channels for sharing E-G-P information

i. Create and maintain social media tools including Face book,

blog and twitter for sharing E-G-P information

General public VPO MDAs,

LGAs, General

public

ii. Develop and maintain a website/webpage on E-G-P

information

Policy and

Decision makers

and , General

public

VPO

iii. Set up and maintain an emailing list for MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs and other stakeholders on E-G-P

information

MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs

VPO

iv. Establish and maintain a library and online repository on E-

G-P information

MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs,

Development

Partners

POPC

v. Establish and maintain video conferencing facility to support

dialogue and interactions among stakeholders

MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs,

Development

Partners

POPC

vi. Develop and maintain a newsletter for communicating E-G-P

information to stakeholders

MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs,

Development

Partners

VPO

28



Responsibility Year

1

Year

2

Year

3

Year

4

Year

5

vii. Support performers and artists to disseminate E-G-P

information

General public

Media

VPO, POPC

Objective 3: To enhance interaction among stakeholders for sharing of E-G-P information

i. Conduct one seminars for politicians to raise their awareness

on E-G-P linkages

Politicians VPO, POPC

ii. Conduct one two-days workshop to mobilize civil society to

seek their support on the dissemination of E-G-P information

Civil society VPO, POPC

iii. Conduct one workshop for academia to identify/propose

relevant research agenda and encourage them to produce and

share E-G-P information through different channels/methods

Academia ,

COSTECH

VPO, POPC

iv. Conduct one workshop for media in order to raise their

sense of responsibility on collecting, repackaging and

disseminating E-G-P information

Media VPO, POPC

v. Participate in exhibitions General public

Academia

VPO, POPC

vi. Conduct one workshop for librarians to encourage them

disseminate E-G-P information through web-based channels

Academia

MDAs, LGAs,

VPO, POPC

Objective 4: To increase stakeholders’ access to information on E-G-P linkages

i. Produce, distribute and air a documentary film on “E-G-P

Linkages in Tanzania”

General public

MDAs, LGAs

Decision and

Policy Makers,

VPO, POPC

ii. Provide information, reports and articles about E-G-P on

websites and social media

General public

MDAs, LGAs

Decision and

Policy Makers

VPO, POPC,

MDAs, LGA,

Academia

iii. Design, print and distribute leaflets/ brochure/ policy briefs/

posters on topics relating E-G-P.

General public

Decision and

VPO MDAs,

LGAs

29



Responsibility Year

1

Year

2

Year

3

Year

4

Year

5

Policy Makers

iv. Attend and present thematic papers at relevant academic/

professional meetings/conferences

Academia VPO, POPC

Objective 5: To strengthen institutional mechanisms and capacity to integrate E-G-P concerns into development

policy and planning frameworks

i. Conduct one capacity building workshop for planners from

MDAs and LGAs to integrate E-G-P issues into development

policy and planning

MDAs, LGAs,

policy and

Decision makers

VPO

ii. Strengthen VPO-DoE office with necessary facilities to

implement various activities in connection with E-G-P


VPO VPO

iii. Conduct one capacity building workshop for information

personnel from MDAs to strengthen their capacity in

identifying, collecting and sharing E-G-P information

MDAs, LGAs, VPO

30

7.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a critical and indispensable function of the

Strategy. Without feedbacks, it will be very difficult to take wise decisions regarding

the way to make the best use of the resources available for the Strategy or the way to

maximize the effect of the communication activities. Simple M&E indicators for the

Strategy activities are detailed in a log-frame matrix (Table 5). Monitoring of the

activities shall be continuously maintained by the VPO in close collaboration with

POPC. This Communication Strategy needs to be evaluated and revised over time and

it needs to respond dynamically to changing internal and external factors.

At the activity level, the evaluation of the strategy should be a continuous process for

those involved in its implementation. There shall also be an external monitoring

process done by an independent consultant in form of mid-term review after three

years of implementation. This will allow for timely adjustments as required to ensure

achievement to reach the planned objectives which will be reviewed again after

completion of implementation period of the strategy.

8.0 RESOURCES MOBILIZATION

Resource mobilization is critical for sustaining the implementation of this Strategy.

Financial, human and physical resources will be mobilized from the Government,

private sector and international funding sources. Resources for the operationalization

of this Strategy will be disbursed from POPC as guided by the programme document,

work plans and contract/subcontract agreements. Funds disbursed shall be expended

according to the respective government financial regulations. The VPO and other

responsible MDAs will need to mobilize resources from other sources including the

Government, private sector and Development Partners for implementation of the

Strategy.

31

Table 5: Logical Framework for the E-G-P Communication Strategy in Tanzania

Activity Performance indicators

Means of

verification

Assumptions

Objective 1: To define communication responsibilities of all those involved in E-G-P linkages

i. Promote the use of this Communication Strategy in

communicating E-G-P information

- Number of print copies produced and

distributed

- Number of downloads

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

ii. Produce and distribute the Communication Strategy using

both print and electronic formats

- Number of print copies produced and

distributed

- Number of downloads

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

Objective 2: To diversify communication channels for sharing E-G-P information

i. Create and maintain social media tools including Face

book, blog and twitter for sharing E-G-P information

- Number of created social media sites

- Frequency & number of users

- Content of sites

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

ii. Develop and maintain a website/webpage on E-G-P

information

- Frequency and number of users /visitors

- Content of website/page

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

iii. Set up and maintain an emailing list for MDAs, media,

academia, LGAs and other stakeholders on E-G-P

information

Number of participants and content of emails Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

iv. Establish and maintain a library and online repository on

E-G-P information - Functional library and repository - Number and content of information

resources

- Frequency and number of users

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

v. Establish video conferencing facility to support dialogue

and interactions among stakeholders

- Functional video conference facility

- Number of users

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds vi. Develop and maintain a newsletter for communicating E-

G-P information to stakeholders

- Number and content of issues produced

- Number of copies produced and

- distributed

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

32



Means of

verification

Assumptions

vii. Support groups of performers and artists to disseminate E-

G-P information

Number and content performances Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds Objective 3: To enhance interaction among stakeholders for sharing of E-G-P information

i. Conduct two seminars for politicians and decision makers

to raise their awareness on E-G-P linkages

- Number of participants and content of

seminar

- Changes in levels of understanding of E-

G-P issues among politicians and decision

makers

Seminar

reports

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

ii. Conduct one 2-days workshop to mobilize civil society to

raise their awareness on E-G-P linkages and seek their

support on the dissemination of E-G-P information

- Number of workshops & participants and

content of workshops

- Changes in levels of understanding of E-

G-P issues among civil societies

Workshop

reports

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

Functional

PPP iii. Conduct one workshop for academia to identify/propose

relevant research agenda and encourage them to produce

and share E-G-P information through different

channels/methods


workshop

- Increased number of researches on E-G-P

issues

Workshop

report

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

iv. Conduct one workshop for media in order to raise their

sense of responsibility on collecting, repackaging and

disseminating E-G-P information


workshop

- Frequency and quality of media programs/

articles relating to E-G-P

Workshop

report

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

v. Participate in exhibitions - Number of events

- Materials distributed

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

Objective 4: To increase stakeholders’ access to information on E-G-P linkages

i. Produce, distribute and air a documentary film on “E-G-P

Linkages in Tanzania”

- Documentary film in place

- Number of copies of Documentary film

distributed

- Frequency of airing the film

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

ii. Provide information, reports and articles about E-G-P on

websites and social media

- Number of websites and social media

containing E-G-P information

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

33



Means of

verification

Assumptions

- Types and number of information material

posted on websites and social media

iii. Design, print and distribute leaflets/ brochure/ policy

briefs/ posters on topics relating E-G-P.

Number of information materials printed and

distributed

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds iv. Attend and present thematic papers at relevant academic/

professional meetings/conferences

Number and type of meetings attended

Number and type of papers presented Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

Objective 5: To strengthen institutional mechanisms and capacity to integrate environmental concerns into development policy and

planning frameworks

i. Conduct one capacity building workshop for planners from

MDAs and LGAs to integrate E-G-P issues into

development policy and planning

- Number and type of participants Workshop

reports Annual

reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

ii. Strengthen VPO-DoE office with necessary facilities to

implement various activities in connection with E-G-P


- Number and type of equipment and

material procured

Annual reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

iii. Conduct one capacity building workshop for information

personnel from MDAs to strengthen their capacity in

identifying, collecting and sharing E-G-P information.

- Number and type of participants Workshop

reports Annual

reports

M & E Reports

Availability of

funds

NATIONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ON ENVIRONMENTAL ... · PDF filethe united republic of...

Documents

Transcript of NATIONAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ON ENVIRONMENTAL ... · PDF filethe united republic of...