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National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2019, Portugal

Courtesy Translation in English Provided by the

Translation Services of the European Commission

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Common format for the national air pollution control programme pursuant to Article 6 of Directive (EU) 2016/2284

1. FIELD DESCRIPTIONS

All fields in this common format that are marked (M) are mandatory and those marked (O) are optional.

2. COMMON FORMAT

2.1 Title of the programme, contact information and websites

2.1.1. Title of the programme, contact information and websites (M)

Title of the programme: National Strategy for Air (ENAR 2020)

Date: 26.8.2016

Member State: Portugal

Name of competent authority responsible for drawing up the programme:

Portuguese Environment Agency [Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente]

Telephone number of responsible service: (+351) 21 472 82 00

Email address of responsible service: NAPCP@apambiente.pt

Link to website where the programme is published: Council of Ministers Resolution No 46/2016

https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/75207497

National Strategy for Air (ENAR 2020)

http://www.apambiente.pt/index.php?ref=16&subref=82&sub2ref=1174

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Link(s) to website(s) on the consultation(s) on the programme:

http://www.apambiente.pt/index.php?ref=16&subref=82&sub2ref=1174&sub3ref=1511

2.2 Executive summary (O)

The executive summary can also be a standalone document (ideally of no more than 10 pages). It should be a concise summary of

sections 2.3 to 2.8. Where possible, consider the use of graphics to illustrate the executive summary.

2.2.1. The national air quality and pollution policy framework

Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas:

The priorities of the policy for air are embodied in the following objectives: a) To meet the objectives for emissions and air quality by 2020 b) To meet the targets for improving air quality proposed for 2020 c) To define the path towards achieving, in the long term, objectives for air quality set by the World Health Organization (WHO) d) To align measures concerning both air pollutants and greenhouse gases with climate policy, thus also providing benefits in terms of air quality and climate change

Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities:

The Portuguese Environment Agency is responsible for coordination and liaison between the sector-specific bodies identified in the National Strategy for Air (ENAR 2020).

The implementation and review of the sector-specific measures under ENAR 2020 is monitored through the National System for Policies and Measures (SPeM), as defined in the Strategic Framework for Climate Policy (QEPiC) within the framework of the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC) and established by Council of Ministers Resolution No 45/2016 of 26 August 2016.

The Regional Coordination and Development Committees [Comissões de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento

Regional] are responsible for liaison and coordination with and between the municipalities with respect to the supra-

municipal measures defined in the National Air Pollution Control Programme (PNCPA), which are aimed at reducing

emissions of pollutants into the air.

The municipalities are responsible for coordinating with the bodies involved in the implementation of local measures

aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants into the air, namely measures concerning the sustainable management of

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urban mobility and passenger transport, as defined in the PNCPA.

2.2.2. Progress made since 2005 by current policies and measures in reducing emissions and improving air quality

Achieved emission reductions: In 2017, emissions had fallen, as compared with 2005 (based on the 2019 IIR), by:

79 % in the case of SOx

42 % in the case of NOx

20 % in the case of NMVOC

9 % in the case of NH3

23 % in the case of PM2.5

Progress against air quality objectives: No of zones or agglomerations exceeding the limit/target value in 2005 and 2017:

Pollutant/parameter 2005 2017

NO2/annual average 1 3

NO2/hourly average 0 1

PM10/annual average 6 0

PM10/daily average 9 0

O3/target value 11 2

Current transboundary impact of domestic emission sources:

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2.2.3. Projected further evolution to 2030 assuming no change to already adopted policies and measures (PaMs)

Projected emissions and emission reductions (With Measures (WM) scenario):

Pollutant

Projected emissions in 2030 in kt (reported in

2017)

Reduction in emissions 2005-2030

SO2 38 -78 %

NO2 89 -64 %

NMVOC 147 -27 %

NH3 38 -32 %

PM2.5 37 -43 %

Projected impact on improving air quality (WM scenario):

Pollutant Difference compared to

baseline (2015 emissions)

NO2 Max decrease of 15 µg.m-3

PM2.5

Max decrease of ~10 µg.m-3

and increase in localized

areas of 15 µg.m-3

O3 Average increases of 5 to

20 µg.m-3

Uncertainties:

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2.2.4. Policy options considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments for 2020 and 2030,

intermediate emission levels for 2025

Main sets of policy options considered:

At national level, efforts have been made to prevent and control emissions through both regulatory instruments and the implementation of various plans and programmes, such as the National Emission Ceilings Programme (PTEN), the Reduction Plan for Large Combustion Plants, the Plans for Improving Air Quality and the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC). As regards air quality, objectives have been established with a view to avoiding, preventing or reducing harmful effects on human health and the environment. These objectives are set out in Decree-Law No 102/2010 of 23 September 2010, as amended by Decree-Law No 43/2015 of 27 March 2015, which transposes into national law Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe and Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air.

As a result of the policies and measures implemented, emissions of many air pollutants have declined substantially over the last few decades and there has been a significant overall improvement in air quality in the country. Nevertheless, air quality problems persist, particularly in densely populated urban areas.

Moreover, we have adopted the national priority of transitioning to a circular economy that fosters an internal market in Portugal for the reuse of raw materials and products, involving the entire value chain and economic cycle. This boosts innovation and the promotion of new business opportunities (placing it in the context of the macro objectives of economic growth and employment) and promotes the efficient use of resources, thereby contributing to the achievement of air quality improvement objectives.

2.2.5. Summary of policies and measures selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption,

implementation and review and the competent authorities responsible

Sector affected Policies and Measures (PaMs)

Selected PaMs Timetable for

implementation

Responsible competent authorit(y)(ies)

for implementation and enforcement of

Timetable

for review of

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of the selected

PaMs:

the selected PaMs (type and name): the selected

PaMs:

Energy supply:

Energy consumption:

Transport:

Sustainable management of urban

mobility and passenger transport 2015

Institute for Mobility and Transport [Instituto

da Mobilidade e dos Transportes] 2020

Industrial processes:

Agriculture:

Boosting of ammonia reduction

measures in the sector – adoption

of the UNECE Framework Code

for Good Agricultural Practice

2020

Directorate-General for Agriculture and

Rural Development [Direção-Geral da

Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural –

DGADR]

National Institute of Agricultural and

Veterinary Research [Instituto Nacional de

Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P.]

Office for Planning, Policies and General

Administration [Gabinete de Planeamento,

Políticas e Administração Geral]

not defined

Waste management/waste:

Cross-cutting:

Other (to be specified): Communication plan 2019 Portuguese Environment Agency [Agência

Portuguesa do Ambiente] not defined

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2.2.6. Coherence

An assessment of how the selected PaMs ensure coherence with plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy areas:

The measures identified in this strategy are in line with the measures defined under the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC) and the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (PNAEE).

2.3 The national air quality and pollution policy framework

2.3.1. Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas

The national emission reduction commitments compared with 2005 base year (in %) (M):

SO2 NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2.5

2020-2029 (M): 63 36 18 7 15

From 2030 (M): 83 63 38 15 53

The air quality priorities:

national policy priorities

related to EU or national

air quality objectives (incl.

Policies and instruments

In Portugal, the law that establishes the framework for assessing and managing air quality is Decree-Law No 102/2010 of 23 September 2010, which transposes the directives in this area (Directive 2008/50/EC of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe and Directive 2004/107/EC of 15 December 2004

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limit values and target

values, and exposure

concentration obligations)

(M):

Reference can also be made to recommended air quality objectives by the WHO.

relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air) into national law. This law defines the responsibilities and tasks of each of the bodies involved in this area and establishes quality objectives for air pollutants (SO2, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10, PM2.5, CO, C6H6, As, Cd, Ni, Hg and PAH), as well as the assessment methodology.

Portugal ratified the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) in 1980, through Decree No 45/80 of 12 July 1980. The cross-border nature of air pollution was recognised, and international cooperation – political and scientific – was established as an important and essential way to address air pollution issues.

As regards regulating total emissions of air pollutants, Portugal is bound by the commitments established in the Ceilings Directive as well as international commitments (the Gothenburg Protocol), having ratified the recent amendments to the Protocol in July 2018.

Air quality plans

The North Region Air Quality Improvement Plan for NO2 is currently in force. Indeed, in the North Region, measures are in force that were established under the Air Quality Improvement Plan for NO2 (approved by Ministerial Implementing Order No 406/2014 of 3 June 2014) and the corresponding Implementation Plan (approved by Order No 10719/2015 of 28 September 2015), whose objective was to identify measures to be adopted to reduce NO2 concentration levels in the regions concerned – the agglomerations of Porto Litoral and Entre Douro e Minho (formerly known as Braga, Vale do Ave and Vale do Sousa).

In the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region, the new Air Quality Improvement Plan for that region is in force for the pollutants PM10 and NO2 in the North Lisbon Metropolitan Area and South Lisbon Metropolitan Area agglomerations (Ministerial Implementing Order No 116-A/2019 of 4 February 2019). The plan took into account the exceedances of the PM10 and NO2 limit values identified in the 2011-2014 period. The corresponding Programme for the Implementation of the Air Quality Improvement Plan in the Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region (PExec PMQA-LVT) is in the process of being prepared and approved.

Relevant climate change and energy policy priorities (M):

Policies and instruments

As regards the main instruments of national climate policy, Council of Ministers Resolution No 56/2015 of 30 July 2015 remains in force. This approved the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC 2020/2030) and the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (ENAAC 2020) and established a National System for Policies and Measures (SPeM), subsequently regulated by Council of Ministers Resolution No 45/2016 of 26 August 2016.

National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC)

The National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC) is based on the policies and measures (i) that are already

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in effect and stem from the climate policy framework defined by the Kyoto Protocol up to 2013, and (ii) that are planned as a result of sector-specific policy objectives that have a direct impact on the generation and/or mitigation of GHG emissions. It is part of the National Low Carbon Roadmap, which sets expectations for low carbon trajectories up to 2050. Many of these measures will have an impact on economic activities and thus on emissions of air pollutants.

National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (PNAEE)

The objective of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (PNAEE), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No 20/2013, is to reduce energy dependence by diversifying primary energy sources and increasing energy efficiency in the country by 2020.

In the context of national climate policy, it is also important to mention the Portuguese Government’s 2016 commitment to Portugal achieving carbon neutrality in 2050. To this end, a new modelling exercise up to 2050 is under preparation. The exercise is aimed at identifying and analysing the implications of cost-effective trajectories for the pursuit of this national objective, as well as at identifying the main associated routes towards decarbonisation in the context of developing a Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality (RNC2050) in Portugal.

In line with this vision, Portugal also drew up its draft Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan (PNEC) in 2018, developed in conjunction with the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality (RNC2050). This plan falls within the obligations arising from Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action and will be the main policy instrument for energy and climate for the decade 2021-2030.

Relevant policy priorities in relevant policy areas, incl. agriculture, industry and transport (M):

INDUSTRY

Industrial emissions scheme

Decree-Law No 127/2013 of 30 August 2013 establishes the new industrial emissions scheme and transposes Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions (Industrial Emissions Directive) into national law. The main objective of this new legal framework is to address, in an integrated way, control of pollutant emissions and the inclusion of new emission limit values. It brings together the following five arrangements in a single law:

• Integrated pollution prevention and control – IPPC scheme (Decree-Law No 173/2008 of 26 August 2008 and amendments)

• Large combustion plants – LCPs (Decree-Law No 178/2003 of 5 August 2003 and amendments)

• Incineration and co-incineration of waste (Decree-Law No 85/2005 of 28 April 2005 and amendments)

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• Emission of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents (Decree-Law No 242/2001 of 31 August 2001 and respective amendments)

• Emissions from the titanium dioxide industry (Ministerial Implementing Order No 1147/94 of 28 December 1994)

Bringing the five above-mentioned arrangements together in a single law facilitates the harmonisation and systematic coordination of the respective legal frameworks, as well as the adoption, by public bodies, of standardised technical conditions and the involvement of accredited bodies in ensuring the correct application of licensing or authorisation procedures, enabling significantly shorter timeframes. Another significant change is the fact that a single licence incorporating the conditions for operating installations in the various environmental fields is now issued.

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register

Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register and amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC (the ‘E-PRTR Regulation’) was passed on 18 January 2006. The European PRTR (E-PRTR) implements, at EU level, the PRTR Protocol of the UNECE Aarhus Convention, signed by the EU and 23 Member States in May 2003. The E-PRTR replaced the European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER). The E-PRTR Regulation aims to improve public access to environmental information by requiring that environmental data from a wide range of economic activities be reported and disclosed on an annual basis. It also establishes an integrated pollutant release and transfer register at EU level in the form of a publicly available electronic database and lays down rules for its operation. In national law, Decree-Law No 127/2008 of 21 July 2008 (PRTR law), as amended by Decree-Law No 6/2011 of 10 January 2011, provides the conditions for implementing and ensuring compliance with Portugal’s obligations arising from the PRTR Regulation.

Prevention and control of air pollutant emissions

Decree-Law No 78/2004 of 3 April 2004, brought into effect by means of seven ministerial implementing orders, enshrined the reform of the existing rules on emissions contained in the legislation and established a new legal framework for the protection [sic] and control of air pollution.

Decree-Law No 181/2006 of 6 September 2006, as amended by Decree-Law No 98/2010 of 11 August 2010, limits the total amount of VOCs in products applied to buildings and vehicle refinishing products (paints, varnishes, coating products, etc.), and transposes Directive 2004/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 into national law.

TRANSPORT

The measures envisaged for this sector are in line with the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC) and

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the transport initiatives set out in the Commitment to Green Growth (CCV). Initiatives included in the 2014-2020 Strategic Plan for Transport and Infrastructure (PETI) and CiclAndo – the National Plan for the Promotion of Bicycles and Other Soft Modes have also been considered.

• 2014-2020 Strategic Plan for Transport and Infrastructure (PETi3+), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No 61-A/2015 of 20 August 2015

• 2015-2020 Sustainable Mobility Programme for the Public Administration – ECO.mob, approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No 54/2015 of 28 July 2015

• National Policy Framework for the Creation of an Alternative Fuels Infrastructure (QAN), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No 88/2017 of 26 June 2017

AGRICULTURE

The measures envisaged for this sector are in line with the National Programme for Climate Change (PNAC) and consist of the following:

• The 2014-2020 Rural Development Programme (PDR 2020), approved by Commission Implementing Decision C(2014) 9896 of 12 December 2014

• The 2018-2025 Strategy for Agricultural and Agri-Industrial Waste, under review • Code of Good Agricultural Practices (CBPA), approved by Order No 1230/2018 of 5 February 2018

• Updated National Forestry Strategy (ENF), approved by Council of Ministers Resolution No 6-B/2015 of 4 February 2015

2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities

List the relevant authorities(M):

Describe the type of authority (e.g.

environmental inspectorate,

regional environment agency,

municipality) (M):

Where appropriate, name of authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX, National Agency for XXX, Regional office for XXX):

Describe the attributed

responsibilities in the areas of

air quality and air pollution (M):

Select from the following as

appropriate:

— Policy making roles

— Implementation roles

— Enforcement roles (including

Source sectors under the responsibility of the authority (O):

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where relevant inspections and

permitting)

— Reporting and monitoring roles

— Coordinating roles

— Other roles, please specify:

National authorities (M):

Portuguese Environment Agency [Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente]

Coordination duties

Policy-making duties

Coordinating the drafting of and promoting the implementation of the National Air Pollution Control Programme (PNCPA)

Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development [Direção-Geral da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural – DGADR]

Policy-making duties

Implementation duties Drafting the Code of Good Agricultural Practice

National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research [Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P.]

Implementation duties Drafting the Code of Good Agricultural Practice

Office for Planning, Policies and General Administration [Gabinete de Planeamento, Políticas e Administração Geral]

Policy-making duties Monitoring the implementation of the Code

Directorate-General for Energy and Geology [Direção-Geral de Energia e Geologia]

Policy-making duties

Implementation duties National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency

Institute for Mobility and Transport [Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes]

Policy-making duties

Implementation duties Transport

Ministry of Finance Policy-making duties Fiscal incentives

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Regional authorities (M):

Regional Coordination and Development Committee for Lisbon and the Tagus Valley [Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo]

Regional coordination, monitoring and reporting duties

Responsible for liaison and coordination with and between the municipalities with respect to the supra-municipal measures defined in the National Air Pollution Control Programme (PNCPA), which are aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants into the air

Regional Coordination and Development Committee for the North [Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Norte]

Regional Coordination and Development Committee for the Centre [Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Centro]

Regional Coordination and Development Committee for the Alentejo [Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Alentejo]

Regional Coordination and Development Committee for the Algarve [Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional de Algarve]

Local authorities (M):

Lisbon City Council [Câmara Municipal de Lisboa] Implementation duties

Responsible for coordinating with the bodies involved in the implementation of local measures aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants into the air, namely measures concerning the sustainable management of urban mobility and passenger transport, as defined in the PNCPA

Porto City Council [Câmara Municipal do Porto]

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2.4 Progress made by current policies and measures (PaMs) in reducing emissions and improving air quality, and the

degree of compliance with national and Union obligations, compared to 2005

2.4.1. Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national and Union

emission reduction obligations

Describe progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national and Union emission reduction legislation (M):

The following information is presented in the inventory of air pollutant emissions in Portugal for the period 1990-2017 (2019 IIR): SOx emissions are generated largely in the energy sector (approx. 92 % of the total emissions in 2017), which is a major consumer of fossil fuels. Within this sector, burning processes in manufacturing industries and fugitive emissions from refining account for most of the SOx generated (approx. 37 % and 14 % of the total national emissions in 2017 respectively). In the period 1990-2017, SOx emissions fell by 85.3 % overall. This was the result of a significant reduction in most of the subcategories: energy industries: -93.0 %; manufacturing industries: -79.0 %; transport: -86.5 %; and burning processes in other sectors: -72.3 %. These trends reflect the implementation of important measures that have had a positive impact on emission levels, such as the introduction of natural gas (1997), the installation of new natural gas combined-cycle power plants (1999), the progressive installation of co-generation units, improved energy and technological efficiency of industrial processes, and the introduction of stricter laws regulating the quality of fuels for residual fuel oil (Decree-Law No 281/2000 of 10 November 2000). Until the beginning of the year 2000, SOx emissions varied significantly from one year to the next. This was linked to sharp fluctuations in hydroelectric power generation, which is highly dependent on annual variations in precipitation. This link has become less relevant, particularly in recent years, following the implementation of new desulphurisation systems at two large power plants in mainland Portugal. As a result, SOx emissions from energy industries have declined sharply since 2007 (by approx. 87% in 2017). 2017 was characterised by a significant decrease in the production of hydroelectric power due to an extremely unfavourable year in terms of water availability (HPI = 0.47), which contributed to an increase in the use of coal in the electricity generation sector. The energy sector is also responsible for most of the NOx and CO emissions, accounting, in 2017, for 93.6 % and

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87.5% of the total national emissions of NOx and CO respectively. Its contribution to NMVOC emissions is also significant, along with industrial processes and product use. Within the energy sector, transport accounts for most of the NOx, CO and NMVOC emissions. In 2017, it accounted for approx. 49 %, 27 % and 11 % of NOx, CO and NMVOC emissions respectively. Despite the rapid growth trends in the transport sector (mainly road transport) since the 1990s, the introduction of new petrol-fuelled passenger cars with catalytic converters and stricter rules on diesel vehicle emissions has limited the growth of these emissions or even decreased them. Indeed, the situation has begun to change in recent years, as the growth in transport emissions has stabilised and lately even begun to decrease. In the road transport sector, NMVOC, CO and NOx emissions fell by 86 %, 83 % and 26 % respectively in the period 1990-2017. NH3 is generated mainly in biological systems, such as agricultural land (45 % of the national total in 2017), waste management systems (36 % of the national total in 2017), the chemical industry and municipal waste decomposition. Road transport accounts for a smaller quantity of emissions (1.7 % of the national total in 2017), but has grown significantly since 1990 (by approx. 1 500 %). Overall, ammonia emissions fell by 26 % between 1990 and 2017. A significant proportion of the particulate matter is generated in other sectors (residential), which accounted for approx. 37 % of the total national emissions of PM2.5 in 2017, and the manufacturing industry (approx. 12 %). Estimates show a general downward trend since 1990 for TSP (-14 %), and a downward trend for BC (-26 %), PM2.5 (-28 %) and PM10 (-27 %). The national emissions subject to compliance are shown in the figure below, together with the emission ceilings established by the Ceilings Directive and the Gothenburg Protocol (after 2020).

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Describe progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with

Portuguese Informative Inventory Report 1990 – 2017 Submitted Under The NEC Directive (Eu) 2016/2284 and the Unece Convention On Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Informative Inventory Report (IIR).

Nomenclature for Reporting (NFR).

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national and Union emission reduction legislation (M):

Environmental Status Report

https://rea.apambiente.pt/dominio_ambiental/ar?language=pt-pt

Include graphics illustrating the emission reductions per pollutant and/or per main sectors (O):

2.4.2. Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union air

quality obligations

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Describe progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union air quality obligations by, as a minimum, specifying the number of air quality zones, out of the total air quality zones, that are (non)compliant with EU air quality objectives for NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3, and any other pollutant(s) for which there are exceedances (M):

For the purpose of assessing air quality in accordance with the criteria set out in the EU Directives, Portugal is divided into 23 zones. The results of the assessment for 2017 show:

Pollutant Assessment of compliance

NO2 • 3 zones do not comply with the annual limit value. • 1 zone exceeds the hourly limit value.

PM10 • All zones comply with the annual and daily limit values.

O3

• 5 zones are above the target value based on AOT40. • 14 zones are above the long-term objective for human health. • 2 zones exceed the target value.

SO2

• All zones comply with the limit value for the protection of human health.

• All zones are below the critical levels for vegetation.

AEI for PM2.5

• The Average Exposure Indicator is below the exposure concentration limit laid down for 2015.

Heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Ni)

• The concentrations are below the respective target values.

Provide complete references (chapter and page) to publically available supporting datasets (e.g. air quality plans, source apportionment) (M):

The North Region Air Quality Improvement Plan for NO2:

http://www.ccdr-n.pt/sites/default/files/ficheiros_ccdrn/ambiente/plano_qualidade_ar_rn_no2.pdf

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The Lisbon and Tagus Valley Region Air Quality Improvement Plan for the particulate pollutants PM10 and NO2 in the North Lisbon Metropolitan Area and South Lisbon Metropolitan Area agglomerations:

http://www.ccdr-lvt.pt/files/ce7600294264a00712abc87c6e04c4458d9d7dac.pdf

and

https://dre.pt/application/conteudo/119190178

Maps or histograms illustrating the current ambient air concentrations (for at least NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3, and any other pollutant(s) that present(s) a problem) and which show, for instance, the number of zones, out of the total air quality zones, that are (non)compliant in the base year and in the reporting year (O):

Exceedances of the annual NO2 limit value in zones and agglomerations monitoring them (background, traffic and industrial stations, in 2016 and 2017):

Key:

Valor Limite = limit value

Exceedances of the daily PM10 limit value in zones and agglomerations monitoring them (background, traffic and industrial stations), in 2017:

Where problems are identified in (an) air quality zone(s), describe how progress was made in reducing the maximum concentrations reported (O):

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Key:

Dias de excedência (n.o) = No of days on which the limit value was exceeded

Valor a não exceder mais do que 35 vezes no ano = Value not to be exceeded more than 35 times per year

Average annual concentration of PM10 and stations monitoring such particles, in 2017:

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Exceedance of the public information threshold and No of stations monitoring ozone concentration:

Key:

Ultrapassagens (n.o de dias) = No of days on which the threshold was exceeded

Estações (n.o) = No of stations

Ultrapassagens ao limiar de informação ao público = Exceedances of the public information threshold

Estações de monitorização do ozono = Ozone monitoring stations

2.4.3. Current transboundary impact of national emission sources

Where relevant, describe the current transboundary impact of domestic emission sources (M):

Progress can be reported in quantitative or qualitative terms.

If no issues were identified, then state that conclusion.

In case quantitative data is used to describe the results of the assessment, specify data and

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methodologies used to conduct the above assessment (O):

2.5 Projected further evolution assuming no change to already adopted policies and measures

2.5.1. Projected emissions and emission reductions (WM scenario)

Pollutants (M):

Total emissions (kt), consistent with inventories for year x-2 or x-3, please specify the year (M):

Projected % emission reduction achieved compared with 2005 (M): (calculated on the basis of 2005 in the 2019 IIR)

National emission reduction commitment for 2020-2029 (%) (M):

National emission reduction commitment from 2030 (%) (M):

200

5 b

as

e

yea

r :

20

19

IIR

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

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SO2: 172 38 46 38 78 73 78 63 83

NOx: 248 124 113 89 50 55 64 36 63

NMVOC: 201 147 150 147 27 25 27 18 38

NH3: 56 40 39 38 28 31 32 7 15

PM2.5: 65 37 38 37 44 43 43 15 53

Outline the associated uncertainties for the WM projections to meet the emission reduction commitments for 2020, 2025 and 2030 onwards (O):

Date of emission projections (M): 2017

Where the projected evolution demonstrates non-attainment of the emission reduction commitments under the WM scenario, section 2.6 shall outline the additional PaMs considered in order to achieve compliance.

2.5.2. Projected impact on improving air quality (WM scenario), including the projected degree of compliance

2.5.2.1. Qualitative description of projected improvement in air quality (M)

Provide a qualitative description of the projected improvements in air quality

and projected further evolution of degree of compliance (WM scenario) with EU

air quality objectives for NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 values, and any other

pollutant(s) that present(s) a problem by 2020, 2025 and 2030 (M):

Provide complete references (chapter and page) to publically available supporting datasets (e.g. air quality plans, source apportionment) describing the projected improvements and further evolution of degree of compliance (M):

Compared with a reference scenario based on the spatial distribution of 2015 emissions in Portugal, the WM projections for 2030, taking the same share of spatial distribution of emissions per pollutant and sector, indicate that the air quality objectives for NO2 and PM2.5 in mainland Portugal are likely to be met. As regards O3, the estimated impact indicates that a larger area of the country will not have met the objectives in 2030. This is because the projected emissions show a decrease in NOx emissions and an increase in NMVOC emissions,

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which is particularly the case in rural areas.

As regards PM10, the forecast also indicates likely compliance (except for one area with uncertain compliance); however, the projected PM10 emissions were based on the ratio of reported emissions for PM2.5 since they were not explicitly reported.

2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting the

agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments

Is the PaM

included in

the national

air pollution

control

programme?

Yes/No (M):

If yes,

— indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M):

Has the PaM

been applied

exactly?

Yes/No (M):

If no,

describe the

modifications

that have

been made

(M):

A. Measures to control ammonia emissions (M):

1. Member States shall establish a national advisory code of good agricultural practice to control ammonia

emissions, taking into account the UNECE Framework Code for Good Agricultural Practice for

Reducing Ammonia Emissions of 2014, covering at least the following items :

a) nitrogen management, taking into account the whole nitrogen cycle;

Yes Article 4(2) of

Decree-

Law No 84/2018

of 23 October

2018

Under

development

26

b) livestock feeding strategies;

c) low-emission manure spreading techniques;

d) low-emission manure storage systems;

e) low-emission animal housing systems;

f) possibilities for limiting ammonia emissions from the use of mineral fertilisers.

2. Member States may establish a national nitrogen budget to monitor the changes in overall losses of

reactive nitrogen from agriculture, including ammonia, nitrous oxide, ammonium, nitrates and nitrites,

based on the principles set out in the UNECE Guidance Document on Nitrogen Budgets :

No

3. Member States shall prohibit the use of ammonium carbonate fertilisers and may reduce ammonia

emissions from inorganic fertilisers by using the following approaches:

a) replacing urea-based fertilisers by ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers;

b) where urea-based fertilisers continue to be applied, using methods that have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 30 % compared with the use of the reference method, as specified in

the Ammonia Guidance Document;

c) promoting the replacement of inorganic fertilisers by organic fertilisers and, where inorganic fertilisers

continue to be applied, spreading them in line with the foreseeable requirements of the receiving crop

or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus, also taking into account the existing nutrient

content in the soil and nutrients from other fertilisers.

Yes Decree-Law

No 84/2018 of

23

October 2018

Article 5 – The

use of

ammonium

carbonate

fertilisers is

prohibited.

4. Member States may reduce ammonia emissions from livestock manure by using the following

approaches:

a) reducing emissions from slurry and solid manure application to arable land and grassland, by using

methods that reduce emissions by at least 30 % compared with the reference method described in

the Ammonia Guidance Document and on the following conditions:

To be carried

out

Article 4(2) of

Decree-

Law No 84/2018

of 23 October

2018

27

i) only spreading manures and slurries in line with the foreseeable nutrient requirement of the

receiving crop or grassland with respect to nitrogen and phosphorous, also taking into account the

existing nutrient content in the soil and the nutrients from other fertilisers;

ii) not spreading manures and slurries when the receiving land is water saturated, flooded, frozen or

snow covered;

iii) applying slurries spread to grassland using a trailing hose, trailing shoe or through shallow or deep

injection;

iv) incorporating manures and slurries spread to arable land within the soil within four hours of

spreading.

b) reducing emissions from manure storage outside of animal houses, by using the following

approaches:

i) for slurry stores constructed after 1 January 2022, using low emission storage systems or

techniques which have been shown to reduce ammonia emissions by at least 60 % compared with

the reference method described in the Ammonia Guidance Document, and for existing slurry stores

at least 40 %;

ii) covering stores for solid manure;

iii) ensuring farms have sufficient manure storage capacity to spread manure only during periods that

are suitable for crop growth:

c) reducing emissions from animal housing, by using systems which have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 20 % compared with the reference method described in the Ammonia

Guidance Document;

d) reducing emissions from manure, by using low protein feeding strategies which have been shown to

reduce ammonia emissions by at least 10 % compared with the reference method described in the

Ammonia Guidance Document.

28

B. Emission reduction measures to control emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (M)

1. Without prejudice to Annex II on cross-compliance of Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 of the European

Parliament and of the Council (1), Member States may ban open field burning of agricultural harvest

residue and waste and forest residue. Member States shall monitor and enforce the implementation of

any ban implemented in accordance with the first subparagraph. Any exemptions to such a ban shall

be limited to preventive programmes to avoid uncontrolled wildfires, to control pest or to protect

biodiversity.

No

2. Member States may establish a national advisory code of good agricultural practices for the proper

management of harvest residue, on the basis of the following approaches:

a) improvement of soil structure through incorporation of harvest residue;

b) improved techniques for incorporation of harvest residue;

c) alternative use of harvest residue;

d) improvement of the nutrient status and soil structure through incorporation of manure as required for

optimal plant growth, thereby avoiding burning of manure (farmyard manure, deep-straw bedding).

No

C. Preventing impacts on small farms (M)

In taking the measures outlined in Sections A and B, Member States shall ensure that impacts on small

and micro farms are fully taken into account. Member States may, for instance, exempt small and micro

farms from those measures where possible and appropriate in view of the applicable reduction

commitments (M):

Yes Article 9(2) of

Decree-

Law No 84/2018

of 23 October

2018

29