Nation Building. The desire of a group of people united by language, religion, culture to form a...
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Transcript of Nation Building. The desire of a group of people united by language, religion, culture to form a...
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Unification of ItalyNation Building
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Nationalism
• The desire of a group of people united by language, religion, culture to form a nation
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Why?• The need/want for unity in Italy stemmed from the
French Revolution• Under Napoleon Italy was combined into larger states• (unlike the first map you have completed)
• Growing nationalist sentiment in Italy after tasting unification
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Problems Facing Unification: Geography
• Apennine Mountains separated East and West
• Po river divided North and South
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Problems of Unification: The Church
• Pope wanted control of the Papal States• Unwilling to give up land
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Problems of Unification: Leader?
• Other states could not agree on who would lead the nation• Lack of a strong leader or royal blood• Common disagreement between all states
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Problems of Unification: Outside Influences
• Other European nations did not want a strong Italy• Feared its power as a full nation
• Some European nations had control over Italian states• Austria: Northern Italy• Spain: Western Italy
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Cavour (Northern Italy)• Prime Minister or Sardinia• Brilliant Economist• Controlled 20 percent of the population of “Italy”• 27 percent of exports• Built canals, reformed trade and land use
• First successful leader of unification• Knew he needed outside help to rid Italy of foreign
rule
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Crimean War: 1852
• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France in their war against Russia
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Crimean War: 1852
• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France in their war against Russia
• War was fought over territories in the declining Ottoman Empire • (Turkish Islamic Empire)
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Crimean War: 1852• Sardinia (under Cavour) joined Britain and France
in their war against Russia• War was fought over territories in the declining
Ottoman Empire • (Turkish Islamic Empire)
• Because Sardinia helped with the war they received favour from France
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War with Austria: 1858• Cavour sows nationalists discontent in Lombardy• Eventually riots and rebellions break out
• Austria declares war and sends troops to attack Lombardy
• French send troops to aid Sardinia• Make a deal to aid Sardinia in return for Savoy and Nice
• Austrians driven out of Lombardy
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The Dominoes start to fall • The states of Tuscany, Modena, Parma, and the
Papal province of Romagna all begin to move towards Sardinia
• Held plebiscites (popular votes) deciding whether to join Sardinia
• By 1860 All of Northern Italy except Venetia belongs to Cavour and Sardinia
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Why do the dominoes fall?
• Nationalism
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Southern Italy
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Unification: Southern Italy• Nationalist sentiment growing in the Kingdom of
the Two Sicilies• Ruled by the Bourbon House of Spain
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Giuseppe Garibaldi• Dashing military commander who wanted nothing
less than a completely unified Italy• In 1860 formed a 1000 man volunteer army called
the “Red Shirts”• Had “unofficial” approval from Sardinia
• Attacks the kingdom of the Two Sicilies • Aimed to drive out the Bourbon rulers
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War!• Garibaldi and the Red Shirts land on the island of
Sicily and conquer it in a daring campaign• They then sail to the mainland and thump the
Bourbon forces there• He then turns his army north to the Papal States
in the middle• Cavour intercedes with a Sardinian army• Worried that attacking the pope would anger the
French who is under their protection
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Cavour and Victor Emmanuel• Convinces Garibaldi to turn over Sicily and Naples
to Sardinia• By the end of 1860 Cavour controls all of “Italy”
proper except: Venetia and Rome• In 1861 parliament representing all of the
controlled territories meets and proclaims Victor Emmanuel (the king of Sardinia) the King of Italy• Side note: 3 months later, just as the unification is about
complete Cavour dies. Suck.
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Afterword 1866-1870• In 1866 Italy joins Prussia in a war against Austria• Austria loses and cedes Venetia to Italy
• In 1870 Prussia and France go to war and France withdraws its troops from Rome, leaving her undefended• Italians enter the city and a vote is held vote for
annexation to Italy
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Unification of Italy:
• complete
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