NAPOLEON

► October 5, 1795…13 Vendmiaire (Revolutionary October 5, 1795…13 Vendmiaire (Revolutionary Calendar)…Calendar)…

► 1796: Bonaparte appointed to lead the French army 1796: Bonaparte appointed to lead the French army against Austria and Sardinia in Italyagainst Austria and Sardinia in Italy swift victories; control of Italy and Switzerlandswift victories; control of Italy and Switzerland

► 1797: Treaty of Campo Formio- WIN1797: Treaty of Campo Formio- WIN► Bonaparte went after Britain by attacking Egypt…a Bonaparte went after Britain by attacking Egypt…a

failure, but he returned to Paris a hero- LOSTfailure, but he returned to Paris a hero- LOST► November 10, 1799…19 Brumaire..coup d’etat- November 10, 1799…19 Brumaire..coup d’etat-

WIN?WIN? Constitution of the Year VIIIConstitution of the Year VIII Napoleon named 1Napoleon named 1stst Consul Consul

1795-17991795-1799OBSCURITY TO MASTERYOBSCURITY TO MASTERY

JOSEPHINE JOSEPHINE

► Imprisoned and widowed (NOBLE) during the TerrorImprisoned and widowed (NOBLE) during the Terror► A “socialite without equal”A “socialite without equal”► Met and married the young Napoleon in 1796Met and married the young Napoleon in 1796► Her social and political deftness allowed him to become 1Her social and political deftness allowed him to become 1stst Consul Consul

THE CONSULATETHE CONSULATE1799-18041799-1804 Foreign enemiesForeign enemies

– 22ndnd Coalition: Britain , Austria, Russia Coalition: Britain , Austria, Russia Peace of Amiens 1802Peace of Amiens 1802

Domestic policiesDomestic policies– EconomicEconomic

Set up Bank of FranceSet up Bank of France Slowed inflation, balanced budgetSlowed inflation, balanced budget

– SocialSocial Emigres returnedEmigres returned

– ReligiousReligious Concordat of 1801Concordat of 1801

Domestic policiesDomestic policies

Centralization of government (more power to the Centralization of government (more power to the Government in Paris and less to the provinces)Government in Paris and less to the provinces)Reorganization of educationReorganization of education– extensive system of public schoolsextensive system of public schools

good propaganda for Napoleongood propaganda for Napoleon

Banque de FranceBanque de France– balanced budgetbalanced budget

used indemnitiesused indemnities

strengthened agriculturestrengthened agriculturestimulated commerce (the economy)stimulated commerce (the economy)

CODE NAPOLEONCODE NAPOLEON

Gave France a single set of lawsGave France a single set of laws Abolished the 3 estates of the old Abolished the 3 estates of the old

regimeregime Equality under the lawEquality under the law Limited liberty- THE BAD ASPECTS OF Limited liberty- THE BAD ASPECTS OF

NAPOLEONNAPOLEON censorshipcensorship women lost right to own propertywomen lost right to own property slavery restored in French coloniesslavery restored in French colonies

PLEBISCITE MAKES NAPOLEON EMPEROR

December 2, 1804

THE EMPIRETHE EMPIRE1804-18141804-1814

Napoleon dominated EuropeNapoleon dominated Europe 33rdrd Coalition: Britain, Russia, Austria, Coalition: Britain, Russia, Austria,

Sweden and Prussia…1805Sweden and Prussia…1805 Austerlitz December 1805…Austria made peaceAusterlitz December 1805…Austria made peace Jena October 1806…French troops in BerlinJena October 1806…French troops in Berlin Friedland June 1807…Treaty of TilsitFriedland June 1807…Treaty of Tilsit

Mastery over most of EuropeMastery over most of Europe Ended the Holy Roman Empire (Started Ended the Holy Roman Empire (Started

with Charlemagne ends with Napoleon)with Charlemagne ends with Napoleon)

NAPOLEON’S SIBLINGSNAPOLEON’S SIBLINGS Joseph…King of Naples and SpainJoseph…King of Naples and Spain

Louis , King of HollandLouis , King of Holland

Lucien, Prince of CaninoLucien, Prince of Canino

Napoleon’s SiblingsNapoleon’s Siblings

Caroline, Queen of NaplesCaroline, Queen of Naples

EliseElise

Jerome, King of WestphaliaJerome, King of WestphaliaPauline BorghesePauline Borghese

CONTINENTAL SYSTEMCONTINENTAL SYSTEM

Trafalgar: loss in 1805 meant that Trafalgar: loss in 1805 meant that Napoleon could not defeat British navyNapoleon could not defeat British navy

Economic blockadeEconomic blockade Supposed to make Europe self sufficientSupposed to make Europe self sufficient SmugglingSmuggling Weakened economies across EuropeWeakened economies across Europe British used impressment and stopped neutral British used impressment and stopped neutral

merchant shipsmerchant ships War of 1812 with United StatesWar of 1812 with United States

Lord Nelson atop Lord Nelson atop Trafalgar SquareTrafalgar Square

SPAIN 1808-1813- Goya SPAIN 1808-1813- Goya PaintingPainting

PENINSULAR WAR

• Napoleon tried to make brother Joseph King of Spain

• Guerilla warfare (this is where the term comes from)

• France lost 300,000 soldiers• NATIONALISM becoming a powerful

weapon against Napoleon– (We free Iraq but now they want us outof the country- the Force of Nationalism!)

THE NEED FOR AN HEIR

• Divorced Josephine in 1809

• Married Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria 1810 (Royalty!)

• Only child King of Rome born in 1811

RUSSIA 1812

• Napoleon’s disastrous mistake

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2W1Wi2U9sQ

Scorched Earth

December 1812

THE GRAND ALLIANCE

• Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Sweden

• October 1813: Leipzig… The Battle of Nations

• Napoleon’s empire crumbled

• April 1814: exile to Elba

HUNDRED DAYSMARCH-JUNE 1815

• Escape from Elba

• Enthusiastic welcome from French people

• Louis XVIII fled

WATERLOOWATERLOOJune 15, 1815June 15, 1815

St HelenaSt Helena1815-18211815-1821

““France, Chief of Army, Josephine…”France, Chief of Army, Josephine…”

Arsenic poisoning?Arsenic poisoning?

THE INVALIDESTHE INVALIDESNAPOLEON’S TOMBNAPOLEON’S TOMB

Napoleon’s legacy Napoleon’s legacy continued to influence the continued to influence the course of European historycourse of European history

1. Consolidated some of the gains of the 1. Consolidated some of the gains of the French Revolution- HUH?French Revolution- HUH?

2. Carried the ideas of the revolution 2. Carried the ideas of the revolution across Europe- WHICH?across Europe- WHICH?

3. Remade the map of Europe- HOW?3. Remade the map of Europe- HOW? 4. Stimulated the growth of NATIONALISM4. Stimulated the growth of NATIONALISM 5. The “Napoleonic legend”: French 5. The “Napoleonic legend”: French

history marked by struggles among 3 history marked by struggles among 3 groupsgroups Bonapartists…one strong man should governBonapartists…one strong man should govern Monarchists …reestablishment of a family Monarchists …reestablishment of a family

dynastydynasty Liberals…a constitutionally elected governmentLiberals…a constitutionally elected government