Creating Nano-scale materials by physically or chemically breaking down larger materials

NANOTECHNOLOGY1 nm . STUDY OF MANIPULATING MATTER ON AN ATOMIC SCALE - KARTHIKEYAN

Norio Taniguchi

Richard Feynman invented as an idea in 1954. Norio Taniguchi coined the name “nanotechnology” in 1974. The word “nano” comes from the Greek for “dwarf”.

Richard Feynman

Assembling Nano materials atom-by-atom or molecule-by molecule (self assembling)

Top-down ApproachBottom-up Approach

Nanotechnology deals with anything measuring between 1 and 100 nm.

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Nanotechnology applications in Food:

Food processing.

Food packaging.

All foods contain nanoparticles.

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Titanium dioxide - particle size of less than 100 nm - used as food additive and

antimicrobial agent for food packaging and storage Containers.

Silver nanoparticles - used as antimicrobial agents in food packaging, storage containers,

chopping boards and refrigerators and also as health Supplement.

Zinc and zinc oxide - used as nutritional additives and also as antimicrobial agents in food

packaging.

Silicon dioxide and carbon - particles of a few hundred nm in size and are used as food

additives and for food packaging.

Platinum and gold nano-wires are used as biosensors to improve the food analysis.

Aluminosillcate materials are commonly used as anticaking agents in granular or

powdered processed foods

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Production of functional foods such as soft drinks, ice cream, chocolate and chips are marketed as healthy foods by

reducing fat, carbohydrate or calorie content or by increasing protein, fibre or vitamin contents.

Development of foods capable of modifying their colour, flavour or nutritional properties according to a person’s dietary

needs, allergies, or taste preferences, production of stronger flavourings, colourings and nutritional additives and lowering costs of

ingredients.

Nano encapsulation Nanocarrier systems for delivery of nutrients and supplements.

Food Processing

Fortified - vitamins, minerals, probiotics, bioactive peptides, antioxidants and plant sterols.

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The tiny pathogens (germs) get confused and bind to the particles instead of real cells, then “flush” - out they go through the digestive system—keeping chickens safer and healthier for human consumption.

• Researchers are experimenting with new pathogen-disabling nanoparticles to keep chickens healthy.

• Nano particles are added to feed and mimic cell surfaces inside the chicken.

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Nano-encapsulated active ingredients including vitamins and fatty acids are now soldcommercially for use in processing and preservations of beverages, meat, cheese andother foods

Aquanova, a German Company, has developed a nanotechnology based on carrier system using 30 nm micelles to encapsulate active ingredients such as vitamins C &E and fatty acids, which can be used as preservatives. Aquanova marketsthese micelles as "NovaSol".

NovaSol offers considerable advantages of faster meat processing,cheaper ingredients, higher colour stability(See Fig. 1) and ready to use liquid form[18]. These nanoadditives have been available to German manufacturers since 2006.

Nestle and Unilever are reported to be developing nano size emulsion-based ice cream with a lower fat content but that retains a fatty texture and flavor.

George Weston Foods of Australia sells a version of its popular Tip Top bread, known as Tip Top–up, which contains microcapsules of tuna fish oil high in omega-3 fatty acids. Because the tuna oil is contained in a microcapsule, the consumer does nottaste the fish oil, which is released during digestion once it has reached the stomach.The same technology is also employed in yoghurt and baby foods

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Nutralease Ltd Company has developed novel carriers - lycopene, beta-carotenes

and phytosterols. These products are used in healthy foods, especially to prevent the

accumulation of cholesterol

Industrial nanotech (OTC: INTK), s8217, sNansulate protective coating to provide

thermal insulation and corrosion protection of dairy processing equipment.

The Nansulate PT was used to coat dairy processing tanks and pipes in order to

protect them against corrosion and insulate against heat loss, increasing efficiency of

the manufacturing process by reducing both energy and corrosion-related expenses.

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Food packaging

Customers today demand a lot more from packaging in terms of protecting the

quality, freshness and safety of foods.

Nano-packaging - designed to release antimicrobials, antioxidants, enzymes,

flavours and nutraceuticals to extend shelf life.

In food packaging sector, nanomaterials - enhance mechanical and thermal

properties - ensure better protection of foods from external mechanical, thermal,

chemical or microbiological effects.

Nano sensors for food labelling.

nano-titanium dioxide plastic additive namely "DuPont light stabilizer210", which

could reduce UV damage of foods in transparent packaging.

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Nanocomposites

Basically montmorillonites (MMT) has been used.

Polylactic acid + MMT = increased thermal resistance

Polyvinylchloride + MMT = improved optical resistance

Polyethylene + MMT/SiO2 = improved durability

Polyamide + multi wall carbon nanotubes = significant flame resistance.

POLYMER NANOCLAY NANOCOMPOSITE

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1111

Monitors the condition of packaged food or the environment surrounding the food

Hello

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Intelligent/smart packaging

I m original

I do harm

It’s me

I do not

harm

I m fresh

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The U.S. Company Sono-Tec Corporation announced in early 2007 that it has

developed an edible antibacterial nano-coating, which can be applied directly to

bakery goods. It is currently testing the process with its clients

Another trend in this respect is the chemical release nano-packaging. This

technique enables food packaging to interact with the food. The exchange can be

processed in both directions. Packaging can release nanoscale antimicrobials,

antioxidants, flavours, fragrances or nutraceuticals into the food or beverages to

extend its shelf life or to improve its taste or smell .

These products commonly use nanoparticles of silver, although some use

nanosize zinc oxide or chlorine dioxide and other materials

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Nanotechnology is also enabling sensor packaging to incorporate cheap Radio

Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. The nano-enabled RFID tags are much

smaller, flexible and can be printed on thin labels.

An ingestible nano-based track and trace technology is promised by pSiNutria, a

spin out of nanotechnology company pSivida.

Potential pSiNutria products include products to detect pathogens in food, for food

tracing, and preservation and temperature measurements in food storage.

Nano sensor

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Georgia Tech in the United State used modified carbon nanotube as biosensor to

detect microorganisms, toxic substances and spoilage of foods or beverages.

Opel, which makes Opalfilm incorporating 50nm carbon black nanoparticles was

used as biosensor that can change colour in response to food spoilage.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles based, oxygen-sensing inks were used as Tamper

proofing.

The incorporated carbon black (CB) NPs and MWNT in polymer packaging can

absorb the smell emitted from the packaging or food

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Another trend in the application of nano-packaging is the nano-biodegradable

packaging. The use of nanomaterials to strengthen bioplastics (plant-based plastics)

may enable bioplastics to be used instead of fossil-fuel based plastics for food

packaging and carry bags.

Several German research institutes, industry partners and the Munich University of

Technology have joined forces to develop non-stick nano food packaging for

mayonnaise and tomato sauce bottles. The researchers have applied thin films, which

measure less than 20 nm to the inside surface of food packaging.

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Nanotechnology in India

Potential role of nanoparticles in plant Pathogen detection at early Stage and waste management

(University of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh)

Nano ZnO for smart packaging 1. Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (Bhubaneshwar) 2. Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, (Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh)

• Department of Science and Technology (DST),

• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), a network of 38 laboratories

• Science and Engineering Research Council(SERC) too has aided projects on nanotechnology

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The migration of NPs from packaging to packed food raised public concern and could

be realized by generating the active oxygen species (ROS) within the cells. Another is

that the toxicity has a strong relationship with the chemical component of NPs.

For example, the crystallization and recrystallization of some metal or metal oxide NPs

will modify the secondary or tertiary conformation of the proteins. While other types of

NPs, such as the metal alloy, or single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) or MWNT can

result in direct or indirect gene toxicity.

Toxicity

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reference

1. http://www.wifinotes.com/nanotechnology/introduction-to-nanotechnology.html

2. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100531082857.htm

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•Thank you

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