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THE TODDLER AND PRESCHOOLER

UNIT 5

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CHILDREN’S BOOK EVALUATION and READING ALOUD PARTNER EVALUATION

YOU WILL COMPLETE THIS EVALUATION ON THE CHILDREN’S BOOK THAT YOU READ.

TITLE________________________________________________AUTHOR_____________________________________________ILLUSTRATOR________________________________________ISBN #____________________________________________HONORS OR AWARDS__________________________DATE OF PUBLICATION___________________________ NOT APPLICABLE POOR GOOD SUPERIOR 1. Colorful. Interesting

illustrationsN/A 1 2 3

2. Appeals to at least one of the senses

N/A 1 2 3

3. No sex-role stereotyping

N/A 1 2 3

4. No prejudices N/A 1 2 35. Encourages

cooperationN/A 1 2 3

6. Teaches how to deal with emotions

N/A 1 2 3

7. Uses appropriate speech patterns

N/A 1 2 3

8. Illustrations match the story

N/A 1 2 3

9. Story is in a logical sequence

N/A 1 2 3

10. Uses age appropriate vocabulary

N/A 1 2 3

11. Made with quality paper

N/A 1 2 3

12. Binding is sturdy N/A 1 2 313. Cover is sturdy N/A 1 2 314. Has various ethnic

groups in the storyN/A 1 2 3

15. Word ration to illustration is appropriate

N/A 1 2 3

THOUGHT QUESTIONS:16. Analyze the positive AND/OR negative concepts a child can learn from this book.

17. Evaluate whether a child would be interested in the book. Why or why not?

18. Compare the book to another children’s book with which you are familiar. Discuss the differences and similarities.

19. Explain your personal feelings about the book.

YOUR PARTNER WILL COMPLETE THIS EVALUATION ON THE CHILDREN’S BOOK THAT YOU READ TO THEM.

Evaluators need to be specific and honest with constructive criticism and compliments. Discuss evaluator comments, then switch roles and repeat the procedure. Remember to use the techniques discussed in class. Review this evaluation sheet before you read your story.

Needs Improvement Satisfactory Good SuperiorINTRODUCTION: gives author, illustrator, subject interesting-grabs your attention. Comments:

1 2 3 4

FAMILIAR WITH THE STORY: Comments:

1 2 3 4

MAINTAINS EYE CONTACT: Comments:

1 2 3 4

VOCABULARY: Reads freely through the book. Discusses new terms with the child. Comments:

1 2 3 4

PROPER POSITION OF BOOK: holds books to one side while reading allows everyone to see the illustrations. Comments:

1 2 3 4

PROVIDES ADEQUATE TIME TO VIEW ILLUSTRATION: Comments:

1 2 3 4

VOICE AND DICTION: good volume, clear pronunciation of words. Comments:

1 2 3 4

VERBAL AND FACIAL EXPRESSION: intonation, rhythm, excitement, adds interest to the story. Comments:

1 2 3 4

QUESTIONS AND CONCLUSION: open-ended though questions, thought provoking conclusion. Comments:

1 2 3 4

TOTAL SCORE___________________________________________

Assignment # 9YOUR NAME:_________________________

PARTNER’S NAME:___________________

NAME_______________________________

TODDLER AND PRESCHOOL STUDY GUIDE UNIT 5

I. Characterize Growth and Development of a Toddler in 4 main areas of Development

A. Describe the Physical Characteristics and Skills of a Toddler1. Identify how a toddler walks and does stairs in comparison to an adult2. Know what happens to growth in height, weight, arms and legs throughout this stage.3. Know how and why their body proportions and posture changes. 4. Identify major physical developmental milestones including Gross and Fine motor skills.5. Identify basic self-help skills that a toddler is learning and how a caregiver can encourage these skills6. Identify readiness for toilet training and how it should be handled7. Identify how to create a safe environment for a mobile and curious toddler

B. Describe the Emotional and Social Characteristics and Skills of a Toddler1. Understand characteristics of basic toddler emotions and how a caregiver can handle them:

Negativism, egocentrism, stubborn, anger, jealousy, love, fear, their self-concept2. Understand what temper tantrums are, why they happen, and what can be done to handle them.3. Know ways that a caregiver can teach and show love to a toddler4. Understand Erik Erickson’s theory of the toddler Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage.

What is autonomy? How can a caregiver develop autonomy in a toddler? What are the effects?How can shame and doubt be developed? What are the effects of a toddler feeling this way?

5. Understand that toddlers want to be independent and how a caregiver can encourage this.6. Understand that toddlers are social and how a caregiver can help develop this skill.7. Identify why PLAY is so important for a toddler and what it teaches them.

Identify the 3 types of play that toddlers participate in? Which one do they mostly participate in?8. Identify major emotional and social milestones met by a toddler

C. Describe the Cognitive Characteristics and Skills of a Toddler 1. Understand Jean Piaget’s sensorimotor stage and what cognitive skills the toddler is displaying.2. Understand Jean Piaget’s pre-operational early stage and what cognitive skills a toddler is displaying.3. Understand the process of the development of language in the toddler stage.

What are often the first words spoken?4. Explain ways a caregiver encourage language development?5. Identify major cognitive milestones met by a toddler6. Explain ways a caregiver can encourage cognitive development7. Identify why reading to a toddler is an important learning activity

Identify techniques for reading out loud.8. Know how toys stimulate learning at various stages of development and Safety guidelines9. Know and explain the methods of learning10. Identify the 7 areas of intellectual activity that promote and enhance learning9. STATE ASSIGNMENT : Evaluate age-appropriate learning activities and materials for toddlers

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II. Characterize the Growth and Development of a Preschooler in all 5 areas of Development

A. Describe the Physical Characteristics and Skills of a Preschooler1. Know what happens to growth in height, weight, arms and legs throughout this preschool stage.

Know reasons for why size will vary due to individual growth patterns2. Know how and why their body proportions and posture changes. 3. Identify major physical developmental milestones

Gross and Fine motor skill accomplishments for 4 and 5 year oldsKnow what is meant by the preschool years being a time for practice, repetition, and refinementPreschoolers are very active

B. Describe the Emotional and Social Characteristics and Skills of a Preschooler1. Identify major emotional and social milestones met by a preschooler2. Explain how the concept of sharing has changed from being a toddler to a preschooler3. Identify why imaginary friends are not only emotionally and socially healthy, but common and normal4. Explain Erickson’s preschool stage of Initiative vs. Guilt

What is initiative? How can a caregiver develop initiative in a toddler? What are the effects?How can guilt be developed? What are the effects of a toddler feeling this way?

5. Explain what it means to develop inner self-control and patience for a preschooler6. Explain what it means for a preschooler to be peer oriented.

How can a caregiver encourage and develop this social skill?7. Identify what 2 new types of play preschoolers are engaging in.

What other types of play do they still participate in?

C. Describe the Cognitive Characteristics and Skills of a Preschooler1. Identify major cognitive milestones met by a preschooler 2. Explain Jean Piaget’s preoperational stage as it now pertains to a preschooler3. Define and give examples of a child learning the following cognitive terms:

conservation, sorting, classifying, seriation, transformation, reversal, sequencing4. Understand why preschoolers are inquisitive and ask so many questions.5. Identify the progression of language development for a preschooler6. Understand how the concept of reality and make-believe changes throughout the preschool stage

Explain the difference in perception between a 5 and 4 year old.7. Preschool stage is the beginning of problem solving. How can a caregiver help develop this skill?8. Identify how children learn by participation and involvement.

Explain how everyday learning experiences contribute to this.9. Understand that reading to a preschooler is an effective way to introduce reading to them

How can a caregiver encourage basic reading skills?10. STATE ASSIGNMENT : Evaluate age-appropriate learning activities and materials for preschoolers

D. Describe the Moral Characteristics and Skills of a Preschooler1. Understand Kohlberg’s 3 stages of Moral Development and what stage a preschooler is in.2. How can a caregiver develop the concept of right vs.wrong (Moral Development) in a preschooler?

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Unit 5 Bell Quiz

Unit 5 #1 Toddler Physical

1. Which statement about toilet training is true?a. Children are ready to be toilet trained when they turn twob. Parents should train the child when the child is physically

and emotionally ready.c. If the child has an accident, get angry and make them clean it upd. Once you start training the child, do not stop until the child

is trained

2. Which statement about toddlers’ physical development is true?a. An average two year old walks and runs with his feet

further apart than an adultb. Going down stairs alternating feet is easy for a two year old to doc. A toddler does not have the eye hand coordination to feed themselves.d. An average 3 year old toddler can hop on one foot

3. During the toddler stage, there is rapid growth in the:A. Size of the headB. Upper bodyC. Arms and legsD. height and weight

4. Which of the following items would encourage the development of a preschooler’s gross motor skills?

A. Modeling clay C. PuzzlesB. Tricycle D. Scissors

5. The following are self help skills that a toddler is learning except:A. Feeding themselves simple finger foodsB. Dressing themselvesC. Making their bed

D. Washing and drying themselves

Unit 5 #2 Toddler Social and Emotional

1. A good way to show toddlers that they are loved is by:A. Giving hugs and telling them they are lovedB. Buying them toysC. Giving them an untrusting environmentD. Having surprises for them on birthdays and other special occasions

2. What type of play do toddlers MOST often participate in?A. Onlooker playB. Parallel playC. Cooperative playD. Dramatic play

3. Which term is used to describe the toddler’s idea that the whole world revolves around them?

A. Negativism C. EgocentrismB. Autonomy D. Stubborn

4. Which of these is a characteristic of a typical two year old?A. Plays cooperatively with othersB. Accepting and agreeableC. PatientD. Short attention span

5. Toddlers want to be:A. IndependentB. Treated like a babyC. Just like their friendsD. Helped when they do things

Unit 5 #3 Toddler Cognitive

1. Of the following, which are often a toddler’s FIRST words:A. Animal sounds like “MOO” C. Verbs like “RUN”B. Adjectives like “HOT” D. Nouns like “APPLE”

2. Parents can encourage language development by:A. Being a good language model for the toddlerB. Talking baby talk to the toddlerC. Ignoring the child when they talkD. Correct and punish the child when they make language

mistakes

3. If your child receives a difficult puzzle for their 2nd birthday, you should:

A. Make the child play with it so the person who gave the gift knows it is appreciated

B. Do the puzzle for the childC. Let the child play with the puzzle, but don’t force them

to put it together correctlyD. Throw the puzzle away since it is too hard

4. A good toy for toddler make-believe play is:A. Pull toy C. RattleB. Toy phone D. Book

5. A child learning new concepts that do not really make sense to them is in which stage of Piaget

A. SensorimotorB. Autonomy vs. Shame and DoubtC. Pre-operational

D. Formal operational

Unit 5 #4 Preschool Physical

1. Compared to growth during infancy and toddlerhood, growth during the preschool years:A. Slows down and size varies due to individual growth patternsB. Stays the same and size varies due to individual growthC. Speeds up and size varies due to individual growth patternsD. Has many spurts of fast and slow

2. Which of the following is a fine motor skills that MOST four year olds are learning? A. Coloring skillfully B. Turning somersaults C. Walking on a balance beam D. Jumping forward as well as up and down

3. By what age do children usually develop a definite preference for their left or right hand?

A. 3 C. 4B. 2 D. 5

4. Clothing that makes it easier for preschooler to dress themselves is:A. Easily pulled on over the body B. Constructed with snap closuresC. Does not have any pictures, logos, or tags to confuse themD. Is tight fitting

5. Which is not a physical development of the average five year old?A. Practicing a skill over and over againB. Refinement of fine and gross motor skillsC. Improved balance D. Vivid imagination

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Unit 5 #5 Preschool Social and emotional

1. Which is an example of an average 4-6 year olds social development?A. They can feed themselvesB. Separating fact from fantasyC. Willingly sharing with othersD. Learning letters in the alphabet

2. Preschoolers who talk about their imaginary friends are:A. Showing an insecurity and a lack of self-confidenceB. Using their imagination and creativityC. Having an unhealthy social and emotional development D. Not interested in the world around them

3. Sam just finished building a sand castle. His younger brother drove through it with his truck and accidentally destroyed it. Sam recognized this action was an accident. Sam is demonstrating:

A. ConservationB. Self-help skillsC. An inner self control and patienceD. Cooperative play

4. Children who play together to obtain a specific goal are showing:A. Cooperative playB. Associative playC. Parallel playD. Solitary play

5. A preschooler taking a risk and wanting to try something on their own is showing which stage of Erickson’s emotional Development?

A. Initiative vs. GuiltB. Sensorimotor vs. PreoperationalC. Autonomy vs Shame and DoubtD. Cooperative vs Dramatic

Unit 5 #6 Preschool Cognitive

1. Preschool children ask many questions because they:A. Want to keep people paying attention to themB. They are preparing for schoolC. They want to be smartD. They are curious and want to understand the world

around them

2. The concept of conservation is often mastered by most 5 year olds. This means they know:

A. How to save energyB. That the volume or mass of liquids and solids remains

the same even if the shape changesC. That objects exist even when they are not visibleD. How to put like objects into groups

3. A preschooler who is using symbols, still egocentric, and participates in make-believe play is in which stage of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development?

A. SensorimotorB. PreoperationC. Concrete operationsD. Formal Operations

4. Preschool children learn BEST by:A. Listening B. Reading lots of books and seeing lots of picturesC. Doing worksheets papersD. Participation and involvement in everyday experiences

5. Watching ice melt is an example of which cognitive development skill?A. ClassificationB. ReversalC. TransformationD. Sequencing

6. Which activity defines a cognitive development of a preschooler?A. Being willing to shareB. Improved balanceC. Having an ImaginationD. Beginning of problem solving skills

Unit 5 #7 PLAY

1. Play can increase children’s social skills best through:A. Practice using their bodies until they can master certain skillsB. Exploring the world and expressing themselvesC. Exercising their memories and generating new thoughtsD. Learn, share, cooperate, and experience things with others

2. Children who play together to accomplish a single goal are showing:A. Associative playB. Onlooker PlayC. Solitary playD. Cooperative play

3. Which of the following should parents do during playtime?A. Control the type of playB. Instruct the child how to playC. Expect the child to never make a mess when they playD. Understand that play is a child’s work and to relax the controls

4. Eric plays with a blue dump truck and talks to himself as he drives it back and forth. He is involved in:

A. Associative playB. Onlooker Play

C. Solitary play D. Cooperative play

5. Matt and Meg are both playing in the sandbox. Matt is making soup and Meg is building a castle. They share toys, but do not say much to each other. They are involved in:

A. Parallel PlayB. Onlooker Play


6. Ted is playing shopkeeper. Sue and Pam come to buy groceries and then proceed to pay Ted for the groceries, they are involved in what type of play?

A. Parallel PlayB. Onlooker Play


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TODDLER STAGE of DEVELOPMENT (ages 1-2 years old)

A. TODDLER PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages 311 – 331)

1. _____________________ refers to the name of the stage when a 1-2 year old discovers the new ability of walking. a) Explain how a child in this developmental stage walks / runs compared to an adult.

b) Spend time each day in ______________________ to exercise muscles, practice walking, and use up stored energy. What are some toys / activities that promote walking?

2. Physical growth of a toddler _______________________________ down during this period of development.a) There is rapid growth in a toddler’s torso, _______________________, and __________________________.

b) Their head chest and abdomen all measure about the ______________________________.

d) Body changes in a toddler’s _______________________________ helps improve their balance and motor skills.

e) Their __________________________ still protrudes, their _________________________ is somewhat forward, and their ___________________________ are slightly bent.

3. Each child will develop their Large ( ___________________________) and Small ( ________________________________) Motor skills at their own __________________________. These variations can be caused by: _________________________

a) List Average Large (Gross) Motor skills for a toddler.One Year Old Two Year Old

b) List Average Small (Fine) Motor skills for a toddler. One Year Old Two Year Old

c) ___________________________________________ is when a toddler struggles to go downstairs alternating feet.

d) ____________________________________ coordination, moving the hand precisely to what is seen, improves with practice.

- What are 4 age appropriate manipulative toys that can help a toddler improve their hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and _______________________________________________, or skillful use of their hands and fingers?

5. Because a toddler is more mobile and naturally curious, a caregiver must always think about the child’s _______________________________ by setting up an environment where they can play and ______________________.

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6. Toddlers want to be _________________________ so encouraging and providing self-help skills are very important to them.

A toddler who is given the opportunity and encouragement to develop S_______________________________ skills will lead to a feeling of _______________________________________, confidence, and high _____________________________________.

7. ___________________________________________ depends on and helps improve their small motor skills.

b) Because toddler’s growth is slowing, they will eat ________________________ than they did in their first year. Due to their small stomachs, it is best to feed them _______________________meals and snacks THE SIZE OF THEIR HAND / FIST every ____________________________ hours.

c) Children need a variety of nutritious foods daily so plan meals using the _______________________________.

d) Self-feeding for a toddler follows the same guidelines as finger foods for an infant, but how else can mealtime be made more appealing for the independent toddler?

8. Help children develop the basics of and a good attitude towards_____________________ (personal cleanliness) a) Teach them to wash their ______________________________________ each time the use the bathroom. b) During bath time let the toddler: w___________________________, r_________________________, and

d__________________ themselves

9. The quality of a child’s teeth is greatly influenced by their ________________________ (what they eat). c) The mom’s diet during pregnancy and the diet and care of the child during their first _____________years will lay the

foundation for healthy or poor teeth.

List guidelines for proper dental care:

10. Dr__________________________ skills strengthen large and small motor skills and teach patience so provide them with many opportunities to practice getting themselves ready.

a) How can a caregiver encourage a toddler to learn how to dress them self?

b) When choosing clothing for a toddler, explain and give examples of these 5 areas:

C _______________ A_________________ D ________________ E_________________ S________________Features

freedom to move, not scratchy or stiff fabrics

waistbands (elastic and one-piece), overalls, lager sizes, stretch fabric, 2 piece

toddlers play hard and get very dirty so: strong fabric, well-made, washable

clothes are expensive and you will buy a lot of them

tags, pictures, closures (zippers, Velcro, drawstring), color of child’s choice

11. Toddlers begin ________________________________________________ when they are physically and ______________ready and NOT by a certain age.

a. What type of parental attitude makes this very challenging task easier?

b. What about when accidents occur? How should these be treated?

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c. If the child gets frustrated and resists trying, ______________________ and try again in a couple of weeks.

d. ______________________ training should be attacked once day time training is under control.

B. TODDLER EMOTIONAL and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

1. E__________________ Another word for feelings. These have a wide range, are spontaneous, and go in cycles within minutes. These can be frustrating for both the toddler and the caregiver.

a) As an ____________________, their needs and wants were met immediately, but now as a ________________________ they are learning that some desires won’t be met as promptly.

List the toddler’s emotional and social roller coaster traitsOne Year Old Two Year Old

2. S__________________ When a toddler thinks about their own needs and wants and not those of others. They perceive that the world revolves around them.

3. J__________________ A common emotion that is evident after the first year . Can result from a toddler not understanding that parent’s have enough love for everyone.

4. S__________________ Being this way is a very common way that a toddler shows their desire for independence.

5. N__________________ Doing the opposite of what others want, which is a normal part of toddler development?

a) What are causes for this emotion?

b) What are 3 techniques a caregiver can use to guide a child through this emotion?

6. A_________________ The primary human emotional reaction to a frustration, disappointment, embarrassment….

a)A caregiver can handle it by (2 techniques):

7. T__________________ A release of anger or frustration by violent screaming, crying, kickinga) Why does this outburst of emotion happen? What does this it tend to mean?

b) How can this reaction be handled by a caregiver (2 techniques)?

8. F__________________ An emotion that can help a child avoid dangerous situations.a) _____________________________________When caregivers non-verbally teach their own fears to the children

and then the children imitate and take on these same fears.How can a caregiver handle toddler fears (2 techniques)?

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Egocentric

b) ______________________________ , the fear of being away from family, caregivers, or familiar environments is still seen in a toddler. It can even affect a toddler’s sleep patterns.

How can a caregiver handle toddler fears (2 techniques)?

9. Eric Erickson said that a toddler is in this stage of emotional development.

a) ____________________________________ (independence) leads to self-control, pride, achievement, and the ability to handle difficult situations now and later on in life Providing the opposite will cause __________________________________________.

b) What can a caregiver do to encourage autonomy?_________________________________10. S__________________ How a toddler sees themselves. These can be positive or negative feelings.The toddler is becoming aware of their individual differences and those traits that make them special and unique. It is highly influenced by their environment and treatment of the ________________.

11. S__________________ Toddlers are naturally this way. They like to be around and associate with other people.

12. S__________________ This is one of the first social skills that children learn, but it is not easy for them to understand. Never force a child to share. It should be their _______________________________ or idea.

Why should a caregiver not interfere in children‘s disagreements unless there is danger?

13. P__________________ This is a child’s form of work and through it they learn and grow in all areas of development.a) Toddlers have __________________________ spans and tend to bounce around activities.b) P_________________________ is playing next to, but not with other children. This is the most common form of

play for a toddler.c) S________________________________ is playing alone.d) O________________________________ is watching everyone play, but having no interaction

C. TODDLER COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT (Text: Developing Child pages (382-398) Assignment #1 Developmentally Appropriate Learning Activity Assignment #2 Modeling Language

1. Cognitive Development MilestonesOne Year Old Two Year Old

2. Cognitive Development is shaped by both heredity and the child’s _________________________________ which includes:- A ________________________________ environment and positive attitudes.- _________________________________ with people.- Availability of _____________________________________________ and manipulatives.

- Constant ______________________________________________

3. Jean Piaget said that the pattern of a toddler’s cognitive development is found in 2 stages:a. What is being learned in the end of the Sensorimotor Stage?

b. What is being learned in the beginning of the Preoperational Stage?

- Not yet understanding the difference between real and make-believe causes _______________ in a child. Provide ____________________ (touch and see) experiences to help the child begin to make connections.

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A________________vs.

S_________________D________________

4. Intellectual Activity develops at a remarkable pace during the toddler years and these 8 areas are needed to learn! a. Associations - Relating an action to a result – cause and effectb. __________________________ - being able to ignore the surrounding distractions and focus on a particular topic.c. __________________________ - without this there would be no learning.d. __________________________ - learning about the world using the senses and making connections.e. _________________________ - problem solving, decision making, recognizing relationships, and forming concepts.f. __________________________ - allows the child to try new things and to experience being different people.g. __________________________ - using the imagination to produce something.h. __________________________ - encourages children to ask questions and to try new things and activities

5. 4 methods of learning are used:a. __________________________________________________________ = Unplanned learning.b. _______________________________________ = A child tries several solutions before finding one that works.c. ___________________________________________________________ = Learning by watching and copyingd. ___________________________________________________________ = Learning by actually being taught

6. Children learn through every day______________________________ that they have in every day places and tasks.

7. Children learn through _______________________________________________ and manipulation of play things.

8. Guidelines for choosing safe toys (at least 3):

Assignment # 1 Developmentally Appropriate Learning Activity and MATERIALS

Choose an activity or toy that would be appropriate for each age group Identify the area(s) of development each activity focuses on: physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and moral Tell what specific skills or concepts can be taught to the child through that activity such as: Fine or Gross motor skills, Eye-hand coordination, Visual, Language, Math, Science, Sound recognition, etc....

Infants (Birth to Age 2) Activity, Toy, or

MaterialArea(s) of Development Skill(s) Learned

Toddlers (2-3 years old) Activity, Toy, or


Preschool Age (4 - 5 years old) Activity, Toy, or


9. Children organize information into _______________________________ , general categories of objects and information.

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10. How can a caregiver guide and promote cognitive development in a child of any age? - Giving time and _______________________________- Take advantage of simple every day learning opportunities- Allow time for ______________, exploring, and discovering their world (problem solving & decision making) - Give only as much __________________________________ as the child needs to succeed- Encourage children to draw their own ____________________________ - “Let’s Find Out” vs explaining it.- Use Sensory stimulation and concrete learning- Model _________________________________________ so they can hear how to think their way to a solution.- Maintain a positive ____________________________ and express confidence in their abilities.- Keep explanations ____________ and on the child’s level. Too much information will stop them from listening.

11. R _ _ _ _ _ _ together is an important learning activity for a child of any age. * Children who are read to from an early age learn to ________________________________ faster and easier.*Vocabulary and ____________________________________________ skills are developed.*Reading together builds a close __________________________________________________.*It helps children learn to separate _________________________________________________________.*It is one of the best ways to help build _______________________________________________________.*Books are a great way to discuss __________________________________________________________.

12. List 2 important techniques for reading out loud?______________________________________________________________

13. When using one or two words in early language development, ___________________________ are learned first.

14. A child’s Language Development is strongly influenced by how caregivers and older children ________________________.

A caregiver can encourage language development by (2 techniques):

Assignment #2 Modeling Language For Children

Explain the purpose you have for modeling, but not outwardly correcting, the appropriate way of speaking. The purposes can be:a. Correct pronunciation of the word b. Correct grammarc. Adding a new word to their vocabulary d. Correcting the meaning of the word or sentence

Restate the sentence in the appropriate way that reflects your purpose to the toddler.

1. “I ranned to the barn.”Purpose ______b) correct grammar___________Restated sentence _You ran to the barn.__

2. “I want to sleep on my soft piddah.”Purpose________________________________________________________________________Restated sentence_________________________________________________________________

3. “The apples is sweet.”Purpose________________________________________________________________________Restated sentence_________________________________________________________________

4. 7. “I like woses in the garden”Purpose________________________________________________________________________Restated sentence_________________________________________________________________

5. “See my foots.”Purpose________________________________________________________________________Restated sentence_________________________________________________________________

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Assignment #3 THUMBIES PICTURE / DRAW A PICTURE

WRITE A STORY FOR YOUR PICTURETo be complete, your story will have a beginning, a middle, and an ending.

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- PRESCHOOL DEVELOPMENT

D. PRESCHOOL Physical Development (Text: Developing Child pages 409 - 420)

- Choose whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE. Correct each FALSE statement to make it TRUE.

_______ 1. Growth speeds up greatly in the preschool years. The average yearly height increase is 2 ½ to 3 inches.

_______ 2. Most children lose about 4-5 pounds during the preschool age.

_______ 3. Size of preschoolers vary due to a law that growth patterns proceed at an individual rate and time for each child.

_______ 4. During this age, the body becomes straighter and slimmer, legs continue to grow rapidly, their neck gets longer, and the torso flattens and widens. They are losing the baby appearance and looking more like a big kid.

_______ 5. Because of their changing proportion, the preschooler’s balance and coordination worsens which affects their movements.

_______ 6. Stronger, smoother, and more coordinated gross motor skills allow a preschooler to color, cut and paste.

_______ 7. Fine motor skills are controlled and refined which make running, jumping, and throwing easier.

_______ 8. Improved hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity make for better use of the preschooler’s fingers and hands. Continue providing me with toys, activities and materials that will develop these skills.

_______ 9. Children of this age are known for their low activity level and energy.

_______ 10. This is the time a preschooler lacks interest in developing both their small and large motor skills. _______ 11. Younger preschoolers practice developing their motor skills by participating in the activity or task again and again, over and over.

12. List major PHYSICAL MILESTONES during the preschool years:AGE 3-4 Year Old 5-6 Year Old

Gross Motor Skill

Fine Motor Skill

_______ 13. Most children by age 5 show a definite hand preference and will consistently use either their right or left hand. This begins to show itself around age 2.

_______ 14. The amount of food a preschooler needs depends on their height and weight, their temperament, and the level of activity. Remember that children grow from near to far, head to foot, and at their own rate, but if a caregiver suspects a weight problem (too skinny or overweight) see their doctor.

______ 15. Children do better with 3 large meals rather than 5 or 6 small meals and snacks a day. The child’s hand size or fist can indicate the amount of food that they should be given.

______ 16. Parents rely too heavily on fast food restaurants or convenience foods (anything in a bag or a box with writing or a logo on it) to save time. These are often low in calories, fat, salt, and sugar.

_______ 17. It is the responsibility of the child to provide healthful food and to teach the parent to make poor food choice.

______ 18. Children have perfected developing and maintaining cleanliness habits (washing and dressing themselves, brushing teeth, and caring for clothes) which is great, because poorly acquired habits can continue into adulthood.

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______ 19. Allow a child to try new things on their own and let them know that you are available to help them only if they decide that they need it and ask for it.

List 3 Self-Help Skills that a preschooler learns How Can A Caregiver Encourage These Skills:

1.

2.

3.

E. PRESCHOOL EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, and MORAL DEVELOPMENT (Developing Child pages 432-445) Assignment #4 Moral Development Scenario

_______1. Erik Erikson’s preschool stage of Initiative vs. Guilt says that a child’s motivation to accomplish tasks is based on feelings of independence and self-worth.

_______ 2. As children find success at accomplishing new skills and dealing with unfamiliar situations, their self-confidence is built.

_______3. Kids view tasks and projects as all or nothing. When these do not go their way, they think, “I can’t do it” and their self-esteem and confidence slips. Provide more opportunities for successes than failures.

How can a caregiver contribute to developing initiative and/or guilt in a preschooler?Initiative Guilt

4. List major EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL MILESTONES for a preschoolerAGE 3-4 Year Old 5-6 Year Old

Basic Emotions and Social Skills

5. Characteristics of AngerThree and Four Year Old Five and 6 Year Olds

How can a caregiver help the child learn to handle their anger?

_______ 6. In addition to imaginary dangers (such as ghosts, monsters, and robbers), a preschooler also has real fears of the dark, being left alone or abandoned, school, and loss of social acceptance.

How can a caregiver help a preschooler deal with these fears?

_______ 7. A 4 year old can separate fact from fantasy. A five and 6 year old, who has a bigger imagination and engages in make-believe play, does not understand that there is a difference between fact and fantasy.

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_______8. Imaginary friends are common in preschoolers. They show a very healthy and normal emotional and social development. It is when the child excludes real people that imaginary friends can be unhealthy. Through imaginary friends, kids learn about decision and consequences. The imaginary friend gets in trouble/blamed for the wrong choice instead of the child. The child can learn a lesson through the imaginary friend without feeling they disappointed their caregiver.

_______9. Compared to a toddler, a preschooler’s anger, jealousy, and frustrations will increase based on their ability to be more patient and to gain an inner self- control.

_______10. Preschoolers are peer oriented. They are enjoying new social skills and spending more time outside of the home playing with others their age.

_______11. As part of their new social skills, a preschooler is more able and willing to share.

_______12. Although preschoolers engage in solitary, onlooker, and parallel play, their new social skills still do not allow them to participate in cooperative play with others.

_______13. Preschoolers have a strong sense to get away from their family and home. They want to feel important in the family and they enjoy helping. 3-4 year olds may quarrel and bicker with siblings, while 5 year olds tend to

play better with and care for their siblings.

Assignment #4 READ THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO and ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Ed, age 5, was with his family at a picnic in the park. When they were packing up to go home, his Mom said to not worry about the paper plates and cups and just leave them there because the city had somebody to clean up the park or the wind would just blow them away.

What moral values were shown by Ed’s Mom?

What will Ed learn from this situation?

How would Ed’s parents react if he left his trash all over the house?

_______14. A preschooler is beginning to understanding that it is important to base their behavior on their feelings and beliefs of right and wrong. This is the concept of Moral Development Refer to Kohlberg’s Theory in Unit 1

_______15. Part of moral development is learning the difference between truth and lies. They learn that telling the truth brings trust from others. Punishment for a lie should not be so severe that a child would rather lie than to accept responsibility for their actions.

What are 3 effective ways caregivers can help a child develop a moral sense that will guide their behavior?

_______16. The worst way to teach moral behavior is to model it in everyday actions. Children are not influenced by caregivers, peers, TV, movie, and other media.

F. PRESCHOOL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

List major COGNITIVE MILESTONES for a preschoolerAGE 3-4 Year Old 5-6 Year OldCognitive Skills

Preoperational Cognitive Development Terms18

1. Sorting

Example

5. Reversal

Example

2. Classifying

Example

6. Sequencing

Example

3. Seriation

Example

7. Conservation

Example

4. Transformation

Example

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COGNITIVE REVIEW: Match these terms with their definitions.

TERMS DESCRIPTION

1. Language ability A. Jean Piaget said that preschoolers are in this cognitive stage

2. Preoperational Stage B. In the preoperational stage, a preschooler learns that these represent objects and words.

3. Experiment C. This preoperational characteristic is imitating real-life situations in fantasy play

4. Parental Attitude D. Viewing the world in terms of their own ideas and wants shows this preoperational stage.

5. Everyday Experiences E. A preoperational form where kids find it hard to concentrate on more than one feature of an object at a time.

6. Chores F. Preschoolers learn best by participation and involvement in these.

7. Symbols G. Look for opportunities to ___________ with a child about what they are seeing, doing, and experiencing. This will increase learning.

8. Limited Focus H. Children are naturally this way. They ask a lot of questions because they are curious and want to understand the world around them.

9. Problem Solving I. Ask a child’s views or ________ on subjects to increase their learning.

10. Reading Stories J. Ask questions to a preschooler that requires more than these type of answers to increase learning

11. Talk K. Preschoolers need to be included in _____ and daily clean up tasks around the house.

12. Egocentric L. Allow children to explore and _________. This is how they learn about their world.

13. Opinions M. Success of a child depends upon qualities like motivation, determination, creativity, and self-confidence, not on ___ scores.

14. Conservation N. Spending time doing this with kids is an effective way to introduce them to reading. It makes learning easier and more fun.

15. Inquisitive O. This largely influences a preschoolers enjoyment in reading, learning, school, art, music…

16. Test P. Preschoolers begin to develop this skill as their cognitive abilities improve.

17. YES and NO Q. This reveals a child’s intellectual development: how they think, their interests, and their personalities.

18. Make-Believe play R. A cognitive skill where a child understands that even though one property of an object changes, the other property still remains the same.

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Think….

Assignment #5 TODDLER LAB

Daily Developmentally Appropriate (DAP) Learning Activity Analysis

DAP is Active Exploration, Investigation, Discovering, and Learning through PLAY! Learning in a sneaky kind of way.“We have enough color by number people. We need more kids playing, experimenting, and running around.” Bev Boss

DAP Activity 1. What area(s) of development is this project strengthening? (physical,

emotional, social, cognitive, moral).

2. How are the areas of development being strengthened? Give EXAMPLES of what the child is doing and the skills that are being learned.

1.

2.

Assignment #5 TODDLER LAB






1.

2.

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Assignment #6 PRESCHOOL LAB






1.

2.

Assignment #6 PRESCHOOL LAB






1.

2.

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Assignment # 7 OBSERVING and PARTICIPATING with CHILDREN

A. TODDLER (Between the ages of one and three)1. Describe the situation you are observing:

2. How is this child using language to communicate with caregivers and peers?

3. Toddlers learn through their senses, concrete experiences, and “operate” on items as if they are a scientist. How is a child displaying these cognitive skills? (Think like Jean Piaget).

4. Check the physical and cognitive development skills that you observe in the toddler: Large (Gross) motor skills Small (Fine) motor skills (Hand-eye coordination)Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Y

walks steadily Kicks ball jumps up and down draws vertical lines

Runs catches ball Your choice: draws circles

skips Throw a ball Your choice: Draws recognizable pictures

hops Rides 3 wheeled bike turn pages one at a time cuts with scissors

climbs objects jumps off bottom step Build tower of 6-10 blocks uses utensil with little spilling

alternates feet up stairs Push self on wheeled toy strings large beads screws an object on or off

alternates feet down stairs Balances on one foot draws horizontal lines makes bridge of three blocks

5. Choose 2 skills observed in the toddler above and scientifically explain what you saw.

6. Check the emotional and social development skills observed in the toddler: Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yes Skill Yesstaying still saying “no” crying kissing

saying “I’ll do it” saying “I’ll do it” smiling shouting

saying “watch me” saying “help me” hitting pouting

saying “it’s mine” keeps eyes down hand-holding laughing

hugging name-calling offering a toy whining

screaming thumb-sucking staring Saying “I love you”

7. In the list of emotional and social skills above, describe one negative behavior and one positive behavior observed?NEGATIVE POSITIVE

8. What type of play are the children engaged in? (solitary, parallel, on-looker) EXPLAIN HOW YOU KNOW :

9. Does the child show signs of positive or negative self-concept? ____________ Explain. (Think like Erik Erikson)

10. Describe 2 ways you saw children being comfortable, content, and happy in their situation. Give Full Details.

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B. PRESCHOOL (between the ages of 4 and 6 years old)1. Describe the situation you are observing:

2. Describe the preschooler’s gross motor abilities. What is unique about their abilities?

3. Describe the preschooler’s fine motor abilities. In what ways does this child struggle?

4. How is the child using language to communicate with peers and caregivers?

5. Name two Preoperational cognitive skills (Think like Jean Piaget) you observe that are common in preschoolers.

6. How does the preschool child feel about him/herself (self-concept)? What gave you clues? (Think like Erik Erikson)

7. What emotional patterns does the preschooler seem to be experiencing? Check what you observe skill yes skill yes skill yes skill yes

selfishness frustration jealousy affection

impatience anger enjoyment silliness

defiance fear delight shy

8. Explain 2 of the emotions you checked above by telling how the child expressed the feelings, why the child acted that way, and how the other children reacted to them.

9. How does this child socially interact with other children? POSITIVE Interaction NEGATIVE Interaction

10. What type of play are children engaged in? (solitary, parallel, on-looker, cooperative) EXPLAIN HOW YOU KNOW:

11. Describe 2 ways you saw children showing autonomy (independence) and taking initiative - Full Details

12. Describe toys and equipment found in the center which encourages gross and fine motor skills. How are they helping the children develop physically?

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