Naba K Mondal, TIFR, Mumbai

@ 1st IAS-CERN Workshop on

Particle Physics and Cosmology Institute of Advanced Studies,

Nanyang Technological University

ICAL ( conceptual)

INO Peak at Bodi West Hills

Prototype ICAL at VECC

2mX2m RPC Test Stand at TIFR

ASIC for RPC designed at BARC

RPC Test stand at TIFR

Indore: Indian Institute of Technology

Jammu : University of Jammu

Kalpakkam : IGCAR

Kolkata : SINP, CU, VECC

Lucknow : Lucknow University

Madurai : American College

Mumbai : BARC, IITB, TIFR

Mysore : University of Mysore

Srinagar : University of Kashmir

Varanasi : Banaras Hindu University

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Ahmedabad: Physical Research Laboratory

Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University

Allahabad: HRI

Calicut : University of Calicut

Chandigarh: Panjab University

Chennai : IITM, IMSc

Delhi : Delhi University

Guwahati : Indian Institute of Technology

Hawaii (USA) : University of Hawaii

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Early history of Neutrino Physics in India

• India had a long tradition of carrying out experiments deep underground.

• KGF laboratory was the deepest underground laboratory in the world till 1992.

• First atmospheric neutrino was detected at KGF at a depth of 2.3km way back in 1965 by the TIFR-Osaka-Durham group.

Atmospheric neutrino detector

at Kolar Gold Field –1965

Physics Letters 18, (1965) 196, dated 15th Aug 1965

INO Project

Underground laboratory with ~1 km all-round rock cover accessed through a 1.9 km long tunnel. A large and several smaller caverns to facilitate many experimental programs.

Frontline neutrino issues e.g., mass parameters and other properties, will be explored in a manner complementary to ongoing efforts worldwide.

The ICAL detector, with its charge identification ability, will be able to address questions about the neutrino mixing parameter space.

Will support several other experiments when operational. Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay and Dark Matter Search experiments foreseen in the immediate future.

Looking for International participation.

Construction of an underground laboratory and surface

facilities near Pottipuram village in Theni district of

Tamil Nadu.

Construction of the massive 50 kton magnetised Iron

calorimeter (ICAL) detector to study properties of

neutrinos.

Construction of the INO centre- The Inter-Institutional

Centre for High Energy Physics (IICHEP) at Madurai.

Human Resource Development ( INO Graduate Training

Program)

Detector R & D

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INO: the physics

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1 2 3 1

1 2 3 2

1 2 3 3

e e e

e

U U U

U U U

U U U

parameter Best fit value 1 sigma error

Sin2q12 (10-1) 3.07 2.91-3.25

Sin2q23 (10-1) 3.86 ( NH), 3.92 (IH) 3.65-4.10 (NH), 3.7-4.31 (IH)

Sin2q13 (10-2) 2.41 (NH), 2.44 (IH) 2.16-2.66 (NH), 2.19-2.67 (IH)

Dm221 (10-5) eV 7.54 7.32-7.80

ǀDm231ǀ (10-3) eV 2.43 (NH), 2.42 (IH) 2.33-2.49 (NH), 2.31-2.49 (IH)

Accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters (q23 octant, deviation of q23 from maximality)

Determination of neutrino mass hierarchy (large q13 is good news !)

Determination of CP violation in the lepton sector (with a future long base line experiment with a neutrino factory)

Nonstandard interactions, CPT violation, long range forces, ultrahigh ­energy muon fluxes, ...

INO: the location

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• INO site is located 115 km west of the temple city

Madurai in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu close to

the border the between Tamil Nadu & Kerala.

• Madurai has an international airport.

Contact us:

• 90 58’ N, 770 16’ E

• Pottipuram Village

• Theni District

• Tamil Nadu State

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• The cavern-I is set under 1589 m peak with vertical rock cover of 1289 m.

• Accessible through a 1.9 km long tunnel

• Cavern -1 will host 50 kt ICAL detector. Space available for additional 50 kt.

• Cavern-2 & 3 available for other experiments ( NDBD, Dark Matter ….).

To be located on a 13 Ha land very close to the Madurai Kamraj University in the city of Madurai.

Will act as the nodal centre for all INO activities.

Will have a major detector development laboratory.

INO Graduate Training program will move to IICHEP when ready.

NCHEP

MKU

Environmental and Forest Clearance for the site obtained.

26 hectars of land provided free by Tamil Nadu state government for setting up surface facilities near portal location.

13 hectars of land acquired at Madurai for IICHEP.

Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies will start laying water pipeline and approach road construction soon. Funds for both transferred to Tamil Nadu Govt. agencies.

Fencing work at both sites will start soon. Preparation for master plan for Madurai site has started. Tender documents for the master plan and structural design for the underground lab and surface facilities at Pottipuram is under preparation.

INO-ICAL : The detector

Should have large target mass ( 50-100 kT).

Good tracking and Energy resolution ( tracking calorimeter).

Good directionality ( <= 1 nsec time resolution ).

Charge identification.

Ease of construction.

Modularity.

Complementarity with other existing and proposed detectors.

Use magnetised iron as target mass and RPC as

active detector medium.

- Iron Tracking Calorimeter (ICAL)

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No of modules 3

Module dimension 16 m X 16 m X 14.4m

Detector dimension 48.4 m X 16 m X 14.4m

No of layers 150

Iron plate thickness 5.6cm

Gap for RPC trays 4 cm

Magnetic field 1.4 Tesla

RPC unit dimension 195 cm x 184 cm x 2.4 cm

Readout strip width 3 cm

No. of RPCs/Road/Layer 8

No. of Roads/Layer/Module 8

No. of RPC units/Layer 192

Total no of RPC units 28800

No of Electronic channels 3.7 X 106

Pickup strips

Two 2 mm thick float Glass

Separated by 2 mm spacer 2 mm thick spacer

Glass plates

Resistive coating on the outer surfaces of glass

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10 cm x 30 cm 30 cm x 30 cm

100 cm x 100 cm

200 cm x 200 cm

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Efficiency Time resolution

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Charge spectrum

Time resolution

Analog signal

due to muon

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Demonstrate the

Tracking Capability

of the RPC system

Strip Multiplicity due to crossing muons Track residue in mm

Strip noise rate vs time Image of a RPC using muons

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Hybrid Preamplifier

ASIC

RPC Module

RPC Module

(What we have now)

(Where we want to go)

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Front end 8 in one Apmlifier-discriminator ASIC developed by BARC

A TDC ASIC developed for

INO project by IIT, Chennai

Trigger criteria based on event topology alone.

Distributed and hierarchical architecture.

Detector module segmented to generate local trigger.

Combination of local triggers produces global trigger.

Global trigger latches event data.

NIM, 678, 105 (2012) & NIM, 694, 126 (2012)

RPC development for ICAL:

R&D almost complete.

Full size RPCs (2m X 2m) are being fabricated not just in the INO labs but also by the industry.

Methods, machinery and production optimisation for large scale production of RPCs are being developed with the help of industry.

Electronics for ICAL:

Design and prototyping of electronics, trigger and data acquisition systems progressing well.

Second batch of ASIC front end designed by the INO electronics team & fabricated by Euro Practice IC Services being tested in the RPC lab

TDC ASIC developed at IIT Madras.

Magnet for ICAL:

Prototype magnet running at VECC, Kolkata.

8m x 8m x 20 layer engineering module (800 ton) being planned. 36

INO: Simulations

Simulation Framework

NUANCE

GEANT

Neutrino Event Generation νa+ X -> A + B + ...

Generates particles that result from a

random interaction of a neutrino with

matter using theoretical models .

Output:

i) Reaction Channel

ii) Vertex Information

Iii) Energy & Momentum of

all Particles

Event Simulation A + B + ... through RPCs + Mag.Field

Simulate propagation of particles through the

detector (RPCs + Magnetic Field)

Output:

i) x,y,z,t of the particles at their

interaction point in detector

ii) Energy deposited

iii) Momentum information

Event Digitisation (x,y,z,t) of A + B + ... + noise + detector

efficiency

Add detector efficiency and noise to the hits

Output:

i) Digitised output of the

previous stage (simulation)

Event Reconstruction (E,p) of ν + X = (E,p) of A + B + ...

Fit the tracks of A + B + ... to get their energy

and

momentum.

Output:

i) Energy & Momentum of the

initial neutrino

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Thakore et al, INO collaboration, Paper under internal review

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Thakore et al, INO collaboration, Paper under internal review

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Mass hierarchy sensitivity with INO-ICAL data only using fixed

Parameters - Sin2 2q13 0.12, 0.1, 0.08 and sin2q

23 = 0.5.

A. Ghosh et. al. INO collaboration, arXiv:1212.1305v1 [hep-ph]

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A combined analysis of all experiments including ICAL@INO

as well NOA, T2K, Double Chooz, RENO and Daya Bay experiments

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Sin2q230.5

Sin22q130.1

Fully marginalised

INO Training School:

We have already started INO graduate training program from August 2008.

Affiliated to HBNI.

At present INO students are being trained for one year at TIFR, Mumbai in both experimental techniques and theory.

Being attached to Ph.D. guides at various collaborating institutions for a Ph. D. degree after completion of coursework

Many Short/long term visits to RPC labs ( Mumbai & Kolkata) of students and faculties from Universities in last several years.

2008 2009

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Thank You for your attention

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