n = 6 males
description
Transcript of n = 6 males
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n = 6 males
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no trick
subjects apprised of drink type just before scan
is this different from Urban?
Is it different from Yoder?
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how consistent is the “typical alcohol curve?”
what can be done to control it?
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compare to Urban who got 12% change in BP in VS in 11 males.
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n = 11 males; 10 females, analyzed separately
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design issues:
no baseline – what happens if DA goes DOWN with placebo – is this still a valid comparison? a valid interpretation?
how do we know they got to steady state? is that necessary for their analysis?
why might DA go down with ‘placebo’
drink is 3 drinks-worth; forced drinking in 5-10 minutes? aversive?
differences are masked by vodka smell – will this induce negative reward-prediction error?
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DA release related to frequency of max-drinking day? what does this mean?
do men differ from women because they are demographically different?
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blinded?
expectations?
order effects?
(need sham scan)
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cue (visual and OLFACTORY)
n = 8 males
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bolus study
order effects? why? can it be avoided?
not self admin
is iv alcohol like drinking? look at behavioral self reports
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Conclusions- I• Data conform to
observations of dopaminergic function in reward prediction.
• Dopamine’s coding of expectation may be relevant to alcoholism (see Lapish, Seaman, & Chandler, 2006. ACER).
No CS
CS
CS
unexpectedreward
predictedreward
absence of predicted reward
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is the Yoder design really analogous to the Schulz experiment in monkeys? Don’t we need prior conditioning? What is the author’s answer to this?**
would like to know if anyone’s BP went wrong way (DA down) in Urban study – if so, it would agree with Yoder.
BAC in Boileau study did not correlate with BP
(agrees with Urban -- claimed it didn’t correlate with)
**Yoder et al: probably claim that prior drinking exposure IS conditioning. So when they see and hear alcohol cues – they expect to get reward.
Consider figure 3. Subjects said: “It was clear I was about to get drunk.”
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Yoder: SHAS and AUDIT scores NOT correlated with BP
Boileau: SHAS scores did not correlate with BP
impulsiveness predicted BP change in VS