Peter Zaitsev, CEO, Percona

February 16, 2016 Percona Technical Webinars

MySQL 5.7 For Operational DBAs an Introduction

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MySQL 5.7 is Great!

A lot of Worthy Changes for

Developers and DBAs

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What Developers Care about?

• JSON • GIS • Full Text Search Improvements

• Better Optimizer

Things they can use

while developing applications

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What DBAs Care About ?

Performance

Availability

Security

Agility

Visibility

Architecture

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Today

We focus on MySQL 5.7 for Operational

DBAs

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Performance Going Faster; Scaling Better

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High Concurrency

*Information from Oracle OpenWorld presentation by Geir Hoydalsvik

Starts with 8 Threads What about 2-4 threads?

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MySQL 5.7: Single-threaded workload

§  Multi-threaded workload looks great §  Single-threaded workload shows some regression https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=68825

http://smalldatum.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/single-thread-performance-in-mysql-575.html

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Transparent Page Compression

Rely on File System “Hole Punching”

Much Simpler

File systems may have problems having “Hole” for each page

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Disk usage (Linkbench data set by Sunny Bains)

10

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Performance on Fast SSD (FusionIO NVMFS)

11

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Results on Slower SSD (Intel 730*2, EXT4)

12

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Parallel (MTS) Replication

•  Can run multiple parallel workers on the slave

•  Works even for one table !

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Speedup (by Vitor Oliveira)

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Improved Optimizer

UNION ALL Does not use TMP Table

Subqueries in FROM Clause handles same as in VIEW

Better Cost Model

Refactored Prepared Statements

Refactored Query Parser

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Can Change Costs

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New Hints

•  Try out different plans easily

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Innodb Temporary Tables

Separate Tablespace

No Redo Logging

No Change Buffering

Less Locking

Better performance than MyISAM

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Internal Oracle Benchmark

•  Sysbench OLTP read only

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Improved Index Creation

Up to 3x faster Index Build Speed

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Native Innodb Partitioning

Better performance with many partitions

Less memory usage with many partitions

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Availability Stay Up, Do not lose Data, Recover Faster

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Semi-Sync Replication

•  Eliminate loss of “visible” data •  rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point=AFTER_SYNC •  Better Semi-Sync Performance As well

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Statement Timeout

Do not let run-away queries kill your server

SET GLOBAL MAX_STATEMENT_TIME=100;

Works for Read-Only Statements only

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Online GTID Deployment

Enable GTID without need to shut down Master and Slaves

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Improved Innodb Crash Recovery

Especially with many tables with

innodb_file_per_table

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Security Keep System Secure

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Secure by Default

•  No anonymous user •  Only root@localhost

created •  With secure random

password •  Password Strength

enforced

Install with

better security

by default

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AES256 Encryption •  SET block_encryption_mode = 'aes-256-cbc'; •  SET @key_str = SHA2('My secret passphrase',512); •  SET @init_vector = RANDOM_BYTES(16); •  SET @crypt_str =

AES_ENCRYPT('text',@key_str,@init_vector);

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Password

•  Password Strength Enforcement

•  Password Expiration Enforcement

•  SET GLOBAL default_password_lifetime = 180; •  ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' PASSWORD

EXPIRE INTERVAL 90 DAY; •  ALTER USER 'jeffrey'@'localhost' PASSWORD

EXPIRE NEVER;

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LOCK/UNLOCK Accounts

•  Can Lock account for whatever reason •  ALTER USER locked@localhost ACCOUNT

LOCK; •  Locked Users

•  Logged to the error log •  Locked_connects incremented

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Easier to use SSL

SSL Enabled by default

Easier to configure SSL

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Tablespace Encryption

•  Fresh in MySQL 5.7.11 •  CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT)

ENCRYPTION='Y'; •  Only Tablespace content is encrypted at

this point

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Agility Implement Changes Faster

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More Online ALTER TABLE

Enlarge VARCHAR

Rename Index

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Dynamic Variables

New Variables are mostly Dynamic

Old Variables are being converted

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Online Buffer Pool Resize

•  Chunk for Resize •  innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size

•  SET  GLOBAL  innodb_buffer_pool_size=4*1024*1024*1024;  

 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-­‐buffer-­‐pool-­‐online-­‐resize.html    

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Warm not Hot

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Query Rewrite Plugin

• Rewrite them to nice ones

• Or make to cause and error

Have developers

running nasty

queries ?

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Mysqldump -> mysqlpump

Parallel MySQLDump

Not as parallel as mydumper

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Automatic Undo Space Management

•  Protection from run-away undo space •  Works only when dedicated undo

tablespaces are used •  innodb_undo_tablespaces=4 •  innodb_undo_log_truncate=ON; •  innodb_max_undo_log_size=1G

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Visibility Prevent Problems; Resolve them faster

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Performance Schema improvements

Memory Instrumentations

Memory used (bytes)

Operation counts Type of memory

used (caches, internal buffers, etc)

Statement Instrumentations

Stored Procedures

Stored Functions Prepared

Statements Transactions

Other Instrumentation

Replication slave status

MDL lock instrumentation

User variables per thread

Server stage tracking

Track long running SQL

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SYS Schema Included in MySQL 5.7

Get the memory usage per user with SYS schema:        

mysql>  update  performance_schema.setup_instruments    set  enabled='YES',  timed='YES'    where  name  like  'memory/%';  Query  OK,  375  rows  affected  (0.00  sec)  Rows  matched:  375    Changed:  375    Warnings:  0      mysql>  select  *  from  sys.memory_global_total\G  ***************************  1.  row  ***************************  total_allocated:  90.20  MiB  1  row  in  set  (0.01  sec)    

mysql>  select  *  from  sys.memory_by_user_by_current_bytes\G  ***************************  1.  row  ***************************                              user:  root  current_count_used:  42    current_allocated:  361.03  KiB    current_avg_alloc:  8.60  KiB    current_max_alloc:  248.04  KiB        total_allocated:  46.34  GiB  ***************************  2.  row  ***************************                              user:  background  current_count_used:  0    current_allocated:  0  bytes    current_avg_alloc:  0  bytes    current_max_alloc:  0  bytes        total_allocated:  14.72  KiB  2  rows  in  set  (0.01  sec)  

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Better Integration with OS

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INNODB_METRICS

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INFORMATION_SCHEMA

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Explain on a Running Query

mysql>  show  processlist\G  ...            Id:  8  Command:  Query        Time:  90      State:  Sending  data        Info:  select  count(*),  osm_id  from  points_new  group  by  osm_id    mysql>  explain  for  connection  8\G    ***************************  1.  row  ***************************                        id:  1      select_type:  SIMPLE                  table:  points_new        partitions:  NULL                    type:  ALL  possible_keys:  NULL                      key:  NULL              key_len:  NULL                      ref:  NULL                    rows:  11368798            filtered:  100.00                  Extra:  Using  temporary;  Using  filesort    

 

Shows query plan on connection <id> Applicable for SELECT/INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE

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JSON Explain

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Architecture Architect Better Applications

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JSON Datatype

Build Hybrid SQL-Document based applications

Optimized Binary Internal Storage

Optimizer Support for JSON references

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Multi Source Replication

Master > Slave

Masters > Slave (Multi-Source), Since 5.7

Master > Slaves

Master > Slave > Slaves

•  Now 1 replication slave can have many master servers! •  Important for BI/Data Science/Ad-hoc analytics

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Generated Columns

Define Column as function of other columns

Can be persistent or always computed

Can be indexed (even if virtual)

total_eur DOUBLE AS (price_eur * amount),

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Multiple Triggers on same event

Allows Developers to create triggers independently

CREATE TRIGGER t1_bi_1_1 BEFORE INSERT ON t1 FOR EACH ROW FOLLOWS t1_bi

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Additional Information You want to know this too

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Time to kill MyISAM Feature MyISAM InnoDB

Full Text Indexes yes Since MySQL 5.6

Portable tables (tablespaces) yes Since MySQL 5.6

Spatial Indexes/RTREE (GIS) yes Since MySQL 5.7

Last update for table yes Since MySQL 5.7 (http://dev.mysql.com/worklog/task/?id=6658)

Suitable for temp tables yes Since MySQL 5.7 Also complex selects uses InnoDB ondisk temp tables

Fast count(*) yes *Faster in MySQL 5.7 but does not store counter

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Defaults Changes

•  sql_mode •  binlog_format=ROW •  Innodb_file_format=barracuda •  Innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32

Number of

Important Changes

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Comple list of Features ?

•  There are more than 150! •  Great list maintained by Morgan

Tocker •  http://www.thecompletelistoffeatures.com/

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Percona Server 5.7 Better way to access MySQL 5.7 Features

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Percona Server 5.7

All MySQL 5.7 Community

features included

Alternatives to many “Enterprise

Only” features

100% GPL with no restrictions

RC2 Out now. GA Imminent

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Even More Visibility

Low Overhead Table/User/Index access statistics

Query Response Time Analyses

Enhanced Slow Query Log

More Information Schema Tables

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Query Response Time example

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More Control

Utility User for DBaaS Deployment

Enforcing Storage Engine

Set Variable for Statement

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Variable for Statement Example

SET STATEMENT sort_buffer_size=100000,

max_statement_time=1000 FOR SELECT name FROM name ORDER

BY name;

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Enterprise Security

PAM Authentication

Plugin Audit Plugin

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Better Performance

Low impact backups with Backup Locks

True Incremental Backups with Change Tracking

Scale to 10K+ connections with ThreadPool

Ongoing work Optimizing for real customer workloads

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TokuDB Storage Engine

The only Mature Transactional

Storage engine alternative to Innodb

Write Optimized High Compression

Great with Slow Storage

Saves money in the Cloud

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Can get a lot of compression 68

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Percona Live Data Performance Conference

•  April 18-21 in Santa Clara, CA at the Santa Clara Convention Center

•  Register with code “WebinarPL” to receive 15% off at registration

•  MySQL, NoSQL, Data in the Cloud

www.perconalive.com

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Peter Zaitsev pz@percona.com

@PeterZaitsev bit.ly/PerconaJobs

Thank You!