Mykonos

For other uses, see Mykonos (disambiguation).Not to be confused with Mykines.

Mykonos (/mkns/, /mknos/;[1] Greek: - [mikonos]) is a Greek island, part of the Cyclades,lying between Tinos, Syros, Paros and Naxos. The islandspans an area of 85.5 square kilometres (33.0 sq mi) andrises to an elevation of 341 metres (1,119 feet) at its high-est point. There are 10,134 inhabitants (2011 census),most of whom live in the largest town, Mykonos, whichlies on the west coast. The town is also known as Chora(i.e. the Town in Greek, following the common practicein Greece when the name of the island itself is the sameas the name of the principal town).Mykonos nickname is The island of the winds.[2][3]Tourism is a major industry.[4][5][6][7]

1 HistoryArchaeological ndings suggest the presence of theNeolithic tribe Kares on the island in 3000 BC, but therst real settlers seem to be the Ionians fromAthens in theearly 11th century BC. There were many people living onthe neighbouring island of Delos, just 2 km (1.2 miles)away, which meant that Mykonos became an importantplace for supplies and transit. It was, however, during an-cient times a rather poor island with limited agriculturalresources and only two towns. Its inhabitants were pan-theists and worshipped many gods.[8]

Mykonos town (Chora)

Mykonos came under the control of the Romans duringthe reign of the great Roman Empire and then became

part of the Byzantine Empire until the 12th century. In1204, with the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Cru-sade, Mykonos was occupied by Andrea Ghisi, a relativeof the Doge of Venice. The island was ravaged by theCatalans at the end of the 13th century and nally givenover to direct Venetian rule in 1390.In 1537, while the Venetians still reigned, Mykonos wasattacked by Hayreddin Barbarossa, the infamous admi-ral of Suleiman the Magnicent, and an Ottoman eetestablished itself on the island. The Ottomans, underthe leadership of Kapudan Pasha, imposed a system ofself-governance comprising a governor and an appointedcouncil of syndics. When the castle of Tinos fell to theOt-tomans in 1718, the last of the Venetians withdrew fromthe region.Up until the end of the 18th century, Mykonos pros-pered as a trading centre, attracting many immigrantsfrom nearby islands, in addition to regular pirate raids.In June 1794 the Battle of Mykonos was fought betweenBritish and French ships in the islands main harbour.

Portrait of Manto Mavrogenous at the Aegean Maritime Museumin Mykonos

The Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire broke

1

2 2 GEOGRAPHY

out in 1821 and Mykonos played an important role, ledby the national heroine, Manto Mavrogenous. Mavroge-nous, a well-educated aristocrat guided by the ideas ofthe Enlightenment, sacriced her familys fortune for theGreek cause. Greece became an independent state in1830. A statue of her sits in the middle of MandoMavrogenous square in the main town.As a result of sailing and merchant activity, the islandseconomy quickly picked up but declined again during thelate 19th century and especially after the opening of theCorinth Canal in 1904 and the First World War at thebeginning of the 20th century. Many Mykonians left theisland to nd work in mainland Greece and many foreigncountries, especially the United States.[9]

Tourism soon came to dominate the local economy, ow-ing a lot to the important excavations carried out by theFrench School of Archaeology, which began work in De-los in 1873.In the 1930s many famous artists, politicians and wealthyEuropeans began spending their vacations on the islandand Mykonos quickly became an international hot spot.Temporarily suspended during the Second World War,tourists once again rushed to Mykonos luxurious shoresin the 1950s and have not stopped since.

1.1 Mythology

In Greek mythology, the Mykonos was named after itsrst ruler, Mykons, the son or grandson of the god Apolloand a local hero. The island is also said to have been thelocation of a great battle between Zeus and Titans andwhere Hercules killed the invincible giants having luredthem from the protection of Mount Olympus. It is evensaid that the large rocks all over the island are the pet-ried testicles (or, in bowdlerized versions of the myth,the entire corpses) of the giants; this portion of the mythis the source of the slang term stones attested in mostmajor European languages.[10]

Panoramic view of Chora port

2 Geography

Village of Ano Mera

Houses of Chora

An example of tourism driven Cycladic architecture

The island spans an area of 85.5 square kilometres (33.0sq mi) and rises to an elevation of 341 metres (1,119 feet)at its highest point. It is situated 150 kilometres (93miles)east of Athens in the Aegean Sea. The island features norivers, but numerous seasonal streams two of which havebeen converted into reservoirs.The island is composed mostly of granite and the terrainis very rocky with many areas eroded by the strong winds.

3High quality clay and baryte, which is a mineral used asa lubricant in oil drilling, were mined on the eastern sideof Mykonos until the late 1900s.It produces 4,500 cubic metres (160,000 cu ft) of waterdaily, by reverse osmosis of sea water in order to helpmeet the needs of its population and visitors.[11]

The island has a population of nearly 12,500, most ofwhom live in the main town of Chora.[12]

2.1 ClimateThe sun shines for up to 300 days a year. It rains be-tween February and March. This arid climate producessparse vegetation. Vegetation grows around the begin-ning of winter and ends in mid-summer.[13]

Although temperatures can rise as high as 40 C (104 F)in the summer months, average temperatures are around28 C (82 F). In the winter, average temperatures are 15C (59 F).There are two seasonal winds in Mykonos. The one inwinter arrives from the south and is sometimes accompa-nied by electrical storms. The Sirocco, a famous south-ern wind, carries sands from the deserts that border theMediterranean. In the summer a cooling wind comesfrom the north, the Meltemi, during July and August.

2.2 VillagesThere are ten villages:

Agios Ioannis Agios Stefanos Ano Mera Ftelia Kalafati Mykonos or Chora Ornos Platys Gialos Psarrou Tourlos

3 CuisineLocal specialities:

Kopanisti Mykonou (cheese) Kremmydopita

Greek salad

Louza (similar to the Cypriot lountza)

Omeletta

Amygdalota (dessert)

Lazarakia (dessert)

Melopita (dessert)

4 Government

The town hall

Mykonos is a separate regional unit of the South Aegeanregion, and the only municipality of the regional unit.[14]As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, theregional unit Mykonos was created out of part of the for-mer Cyclades Prefecture. The municipality, unchangedat the Kallikratis reform, also includes the islands Delos,Rineia and several uninhabited islets. The total area ofthe municipality is 105.2 km2 (41 sq mi)In the 2012 elections, the centre right New Democracyobtained the highest vote on Mykonos followed by theCoalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA).[15]

4 7 LANDMARKS

5 DemographicsThere are 10,134 inhabitants (2011) most of whom live inthe largest town, Mykonos, also known as Chora (i.e. theTown in Greek, a common denomination in Greece whenthe name of the island itself is the same as the name ofthe principal town).

6 EconomyMykonos has a large number of nightclubs per capita.[16]

7 Landmarks

Chora windmills

Municipal Library - an 18th-century mansion hous-ing over 8,000 volumes and a vast collection of18th- and 19th-century photographs, documentsand Cycladic coins and old seals as well as sketchesand books from the personal library of Americanartist John Ratekin. The Municipal Library is lo-cated on Ayia Kyriaki Square in the main town ofChora.[17]

Petros the Pelican - an old celebrity of the townswaterfront, Petros has been the ocial mascot ofMykonos for over 50 years. He took up permanentresidence on the island after a storm in 1954 andafter his death the islanders elected a successor tocarry on his legacy until today.[18]

Mykonos windmills - The windmills are a deningfeature of the Mykonian landscape. There are manydotted around the island, but most are concentratedin the main town of Chora. The famous Kato Miliin Chora (Greek for lower mills), stand in a rowon a hill overlooking the sea to harness the strongnorthernwinds.[19] Cappedwith wood and straw, thewindmills were built by the Venetians in the 16th

century to mill our and remained in use until theearly 20th century. Many have been refurbished andrestored to serve as homes to locals and vaults to nu-merous Mykonian heritage documents.[20]

Mikri Venetia (Little Venice)

Little Venice - rows of shing houses line the water-front with their balconies hanging over the sea. Therst of these was constructed in the mid-18th cen-tury. They originally belonged to rich merchants orcaptains and the little basement doors that provideddirect access to the sea and underground storage ar-eas led people to believe that the owners were se-cretly pirates. Some of the houses have now beenconverted into bars and cafes and little shops andgalleries. Little Venice is considered one of themost romantic spots on the island and many peoplegather there to watch the sunset. The area attractsmany artists who come to paint the picturesquecoastline.[21]

Elia Beach

Armenistis Lighthouse - is a testimony to Mykonosmaritime history, as well as a fully functioninglighthouse. It is located in Fanari, which meanslantern in Greek, 6.5 km (4.0 miles) from Chora.[22]

7.1 Churches 5

Tria Pigadia - are three identical wells standing in arow in the middle of the main town, Chora. Theywere built in 1722 to provide the town with water.Unlike most modern wells which are over 30 metresdeep, the Tria Pigadia are only 56 metres deep asthey were dug into sand where water was more easilyaccessible.[23]

Archaeological Museum of Mykonos - was built in1905 to house the ndings from the Putrefaction Pitof 425/426 BC, discovered in 1898 on the islet ofRheneia by D. Stavropoulos. It is one of the oldestmuseums inGreece andwas designed byAlexandrosLykakis and funded by the Ministry of Educationand the Archaeological Society of Athens. The landas donated by the Municipality of Mykonos.

The original Neoclassical building underwent refurbish-ments and expansions in the 1930s and 1960s and thelarge eastern room was added in 1972. The museum con-tains artefacts from the neighbouring island Rhenia, in-cluding 9th- to 8th-century BC ceramic pottery from theCyclades and 7th- to 6th-century BC works from otherareas in the Aegean. Its most famous item is the largevase produced in Tinos, showing scenes from the fall ofTroy.[24]

Aegean Maritime Museum exhibit

Aegean Maritime Museum - was founded in 1983by the Mykonian George M. Drakopoulos and itopened in 1985 with the goal of preserving and pro-moting the study of Greek maritime history and tra-dition, in particular the evolution and activities ofthe merchant ship in the Aegean Sea. Drakopou-los has been awarded with the Athens AcademyAward and with the World Ship Trusts award forIndividual Achievement for his work with the mu-seum. The museum was the rst in Greece that res-cued and restored living historical exhibits to oper-ate as they were originally designed and built. Inaddition to original pieces, there are also replicasof famous historical ships and collections of coinswith nautical scenes from the 5th century BC to the

4th century AD and a variety of elaborate shippinginstruments.[25]

Folklore Museum - the oldest house on the islandhouses a collection of 19th-century furniture, jew-ellery, ceramics embroideries, marble sculptures,tombstones and a variety of other trinkets. The mu-seum also pays tribute to Mykonos traditional nau-tical roots with models of 19th-century Mykonianships, maps and an anchor and canons used duringthe Greek War of Independence.[26]

Lenas House - this 19th-century traditional Myko-nian residence belonged to a wealthy shipping fam-ily and the original furniture is still preserved. Thehouse now operates as a museum.[27]

AgriculturalMuseum (also known as the BonisMill)- old tools and machinery are displayed in one ofMykonos famous windmills and, located above themain town of Chora in Ano Myloi (meaning UpperWindmills), it oers a spectacular view.[28]

7.1 Churches

Church of Paraportiani

Panagia Paraportiani - (the Church of Our Lady)one of the most famous architectural structures inGreece. The church received its name Paraportiani,which means standing next to the entrance / door,because it was located next to the entrance of the an-cient castle, or kastro door. The neighbourhood ofKastro, where it is situated, used to be the site of amedieval castle in those days a castle was a strongfortication surrounding a settlement constructedin 1207 by the Gisi family, who controlled the islandat the time. The castle was destroyed in the 16thcentury and its remnants covered up by new build-ings when Chora began to expand in the 18th cen-tury. It took around 200 years to build the church.Construction began in the 15th century and was notcompleted until the 17th century. Its architecturalquirkiness makes it one of the most photographedplaces in the world.[29]

6 13 SEE ALSO

Catholic Church - the only Catholic church on theisland was constructed in 1668 and renovated in1677 by Bishop Leandros Zanthakis. The icon ofthe Virgin Mary and baby Jesus between Saint Do-minic and Saint Catherine of Siena was transportedto Mykonos from Venice in 1715. A re on 1May 1991 damaged part of the church. By Octo-ber 1997 the church was restored and re-opened tothe public.[30]

8 Transportation

Blue Star Ferry

Mykonos Airport is located 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south-east of the town of Mykonos and it is served by interna-tional ights during summer. The ight from Athens toMykonos is 25 minutes.[31]

Mykonos is also accessible by boat and ferries. Highspeed vessels travel there daily from the surrounding is-lands and from Athens.[32]

Taxis, buses or boats are available for transportation.There are three main bus depots in Mykonos. The north-ern one is situated behind Remezzo Club above the oldPort and provides regular service to Ano Mera, Elia andKalafatis. A few hundred meters below, at the Old Port,lays another Depot focusing on the northern destinationsof Tourlos (New Port) and Agios Stefanos. The southernBus Depot is at the town entrance, called Fabrika andit provides regular service to Ornos, Agios Yannis, PlatiGialos, Psarou, Paraga, and Paradise Beach. Small boatstravel to and from the many beaches.[33] Tour boats goregularly to the nearby island of Delos.[34]

9 Notable people Manto Mavrogenous Ioannis Gryparis, diplomat and politician Ioannis Svoronos, archaeologist and numismatist

Mary Paraskeva, early amateur photographer Ioannis Toumbas, naval ocer Nicholas Pettas, professional martial artist, kick-

boxer, and actor

10 Cultural Events In 2013 the Mykonos Biennale was inaugurated. It

oers theatrical, cultural, cinematic, artistic, andmusical productions.[35]

11 In popular culture Mykonos is one of several Greek islands mentioned

for sleeping with women in Kenneth Koch's poemSleeping with Women[36]

The Portokalos family from the Canadian sleeperhit My Big Fat Greek Wedding originates fromMykonos, as mentioned by Aunt Voula.

1989 British romcom Shirley Valentine whichstarred Pauline Collins and Tom Conti was lmedon location on the island.

Mykonos is the name of a song by the band FleetFoxes from their second EP, Sun Giant

12 Gallery Monastery in Ano Mera School in Mykonos Monument to Manto Mavrogenous Church at the port Another church Pelicans, mascot of the island A street of Chora Windmills

13 See also Communities of the Cyclades Mykonos vase List of traditional Greek place names[37]

Mykonos Biennale

714 References[1] Dictionary Reference: Mykonos

[2] Mykonos The Island of the Winds. Travel WideWorld. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

[3] The island of the winds and blue seas. World News. Re-trieved 20 February 2015.

[4] Tom Masters, Europe on a shoestring, 2008

[5] Duncan Garwood, Mediterranean Europe, 2009

[6] Lloyd E. Hudman, Richard H. Jackson, Geography oftravel and tourism, 2003

[7] Harry Coccossis, Alexandra Mexa, The challenge oftourism carrying capacity assessment: theory and prac-tice, 2004

[8] Christopher Street. That New Magazine, Incorporated.1995. p. 19. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

[9] Tsakos, Konstantinos (1998). Delos-Mykonos: A Guide tothe History and Archaeology. Delos Island: Hesperos.

[10] John Freely (4 June 2006). The Cyclades: Discovering theGreek Islands of the Aegean. I.B.Tauris. p. 111. ISBN978-1-84511-160-1. Retrieved 12 May 2012.

[11] An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie. Re-trieved 20 February 2015.

[12] Mykonos Island Geography. Retrieved 19 November2013.

[13] Mykonos Weather. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[14] Kallikratis reform law text PDF

[15] Simon Rogers (2012-05-06). Greece election resultsmapped. Infographic | News. guardian.co.uk. Retrieved2013-03-26.

[16] Mykonos, often called as the Ibiza of Greece -Greeka.com. Greeka. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

[17] Mykonos Municipal Library. Retrieved 19 November2013.

[18] Petros the Pelican. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[19] Windmills of Mykonos. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[20] Viator http://www.viator.com/Mykonos-attractions/The-Windmills-Kato-Mili/d958-a5086

[21] Little Venice.

[22] Armenistis Lighthouse. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[23] The Three Wells.

[24] Archaeological Museum. Retrieved 19 November2013.

[25] The Aegean Maritime Museum. Retrieved 19 Novem-ber 2013.

[26] Folklore Museum of Mykonos.

[27] Lenas House. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[28] Agricultural Museum. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[29] Panagia Paraportiani. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[30] Catholic Church. Retrieved 19 November 2013.

[31] Mykonos Airport Info Center, Mykonos Airport - Wel-come

[32] Travel To Mykonos.

[33] Getting Around Mykonos. Retrieved 19 November2013.

[34] mykonos tours, excursions, day trips, cruises, Delos.Retrieved 20 February 2015.

[35] "metamatic:taf".

[36] Poetry Daily: Kenneth Koch, Sleeping with Women"".Retrieved 20 February 2015.

[37] Mykonos Web - About Mykonos - Gr. Retrieved 20February 2015.

15 External links Ocial website of the Municipality of Mykonos

8 16 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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