1. Territory

A country’s territory includes the land and water within its boundaries and all of its natural resources. Modern countries range in size from Russia, with more than 6.5 million square miles (16.8 million sq km), to Monaco, with less than 1 square mile (2.6 sq km). The total area of the United States is 3.7 million square miles (9.5 million sq km).

A country’s resources may be even more important than its size. For example, several small countries in the Persian Gulf region are extremely wealthy because of their huge reserves of oil. The earth’s natural resources are not evenly distributed around the world. This unequal distribution has led to conflict between nations. Throughout history, disputes over territory- land and resources- have been a cause of war.

Finding territory for a new country can be difficult. All existing land has all been claimed currently by individual countries, except for two. The main exception is Antarctica. Even then, should you brave the weather and lack of "population appeal," Antarctica is managed by the most powerful countries in the world, and it's unlikely they'll let you just plant a flag and say, "Mine!" Second, there is Bir Tawil, a tiny plot of land in Africa between Egypt and Sudan, which neither claim. However, there is very little appeal to this country, due to it being only a patch of sand.

Alternative ways to gain territory for a new country:

Conquer an existing country. There are many small island nations dotting the Pacific, and it's unlikely they have much of a defense force. Sure, it's crazy—but crazy enough that it might just work! All you need is an army, a navy, and the support of the world community—many of whom protect these small nations from intruders. This has been attempted in the Comoros, Vanuatu, and the Maldives, but ultimately failed.

Buy an existing country. If you're wealthy enough, you can buy an island, though it's unlikely that the host nation will just cede sovereignty to you. Look for areas that are otherwise unproductive for the local government. Chances are that the local authority won’t have any interest in keeping a disputed, resource consuming territory that is otherwise

economically/politically unproductive. Again many of these regions are protected by the world community. A more corrupt or destitute country might be more easily swayed, but even that is difficult: There was an attempt to buy Tortuga from impoverished (economically poor) Haiti, but that thought was rejected. There are some things money just can't buy.

At this point, you might be thinking there's no hope, but we've saved the best for last. As land has become scarce, but the human need for new land continues apace, creative (and financially

abundant) individuals have begun taking to the sea.

This is a picture of the entire country of Monaco.

Pictured is the land area of Bir Tawil in Saharan Africa.

Build an island. The ocean, as they say, is the last great frontier. International waters are owned by no nation, and this has spurred interest and activity.

o Example, the Principality of Sealand. Sealand, initially created as a military base in the North Sea, off the coast of England during World War II, is a football-field-sized structure that housed troops and weapons to strike at German invaders. After the war it was abandoned until 1966, when a rogue DJ named Roy Bates—tired of battling the British government over his pirate radio station—moved there to set up shop. The station never went back on the air, but he declared the floating fortress the Principality of Sealand. He raised the flag, named himself Prince, and his wife Princess Joan. Sealand withstood court challenges, and remains an independent nation to this day.

o Palm Island Group. While not a nation, the Palm Island Group off the coast of Dubai is indicative of the direction that holds the most promise for nation builders. Extending out into the Persian Gulf are 3 palm tree-shaped man-made islands that opulent living for the world's millionaires and billionaires. Do not forget the new project in the works to create the world

2. PopulationThe size of the population does not determine the existence of a country. Countries vary widely in both the size and the makeup of their populations. Some countries have vast land areas that are largely unpopulated. Other countries are small in terms of land area, but extremely densely populated. Some countries, such as India and the United States, contain a wide diversity of people and cultures. In others, such as Sweden or Greece, most people share a similar background, language, and culture.

As citizens of a nation, people are usually assured of protection by their government. In return, citizens usually must pay taxes, serve in the military, or carry out other obligations to the government.

Top 10 Countries based on Population

Rank Country Population

1 China 1,343,239,923

2 India 1,205,073,612

3 United States 313,847,465

4 Indonesia 248,645,008

5 Brazil 199,321,413

6 Pakistan 190,291,129

7 Nigeria 170,123,740

8 Bangladesh 161,083,804

9 Russia 142,517,670

10 Japan 127,368,088

Nationless State- Populations without recognition

A stateless nation is an ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group or other cohesive group which is not the majority population in any nation state. The term implies that the group "should have" such a state/country, members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country. Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA, Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations.

To be stateless is to be without nationality or citizenship. There is no legal bond of nationality between the state and the individual. Stateless people face numerous difficulties in their daily lives: they can lack access to health care, education, property rights and the ability to move freely. They are also vulnerable to arbitrary treatment and crimes like trafficking. Their marginalization can create tensions in society and lead to instability at an international level, including, in extreme cases, conflict and displacement.

There are over 200 groups of people that fit in to the category of stateless nations. In many regions of the world the need for an independent country for ethnic groups in Asia, Africa, Australia and America lost their self-determination by a result of colonialism and suffer since then as a stateless nation (no country to claim). Many ethnic groups have become minorities who have to live in a country that is mostly dominated by a majority. Because of the ethnic differences came in some countries later to discrimination , ethnic conflict , separatism , ethnic cleansing , genocide and partition .

Stateless nations (people without a country) either are dispersed across a number of countries/regions (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria) or form the native population of a province within a larger country/region .Some stateless nations historically had a country, which was absorbed by another; for example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized, and it was invaded in 1951 by the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China, while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent country under unlawful occupation.

Odd as it might seem even places you have heard of can be stateless nations. Currently Scotland is considered a stateless nation because it lacks its own independent country- currently part of Great Brittan. Scotland is trying to become an independent country but they are doing it “politely”. There are no terrorists/freedom fighters to speak of, unless you count the football supporters at Scotland-England matches. There is a Scottish National Party

campaigning for full independence, but it seems as if most Scots are happy with the status quo, especially since some of the most visible symbols of the new Scotland, like the new Parliament, have been outrageous examples of scandalous overspending and mismanagement of government money. Here are the results of that vote.

Scottish Independence ReferendumThursday, 18 September 2014

Should Scotland be an independent country?

Results

Yes or no Votes Percentage

 Yes 1,617,989

44.7%

 No 2,001,926

55.3%

Valid votes 3,619,915 99.91%

Invalid or blank votes 3,429 0.09%

Total votes 3,623,344 100.00%

Voter turnout 84.59%

Electorate 4,283,392

3. Sovereignty

A sovereign country is one that can rule itself by establishing its own policies and determining its own course of action. A country’s sovereignty entitles it to act independently, deal equally with other sovereign countries, and protect its territory and citizens.

Any country needs to be recognized by the world community. To do this, you will need other nations to recognize you. This will require you to become adept at international law, politics, and diplomacy. If these are not among your strongest skills, you would be wise to recruit a cabinet of skilled politicos to take on this task.

This is perhaps the most difficult step of all. Some nations, such as Palestine, Taiwan, and Northern Cyprus have all the checkboxes checked—but are still not recognized by many countries. There are no rules here—every country has their own standards by which they determine recognition. Things that could have an effect on the outcome are issues such as where you stand on al Queda, or communism, or capitalism. They might hinge on your approach to human rights, or control of natural resources. In the United States, the decision to recognize a nation is made by the President. Your request will hinge on who occupies the White House at that time, and their policies and preferences may swing wildly every four years.

Also, membership to the United Nations requires that none of the five powers US, UK, China, Russia and France veto your membership. In other words, you will have to have neutral stands on controversial issues like Palestine, Taiwan, Crimea, etc.

If you live near or in Europe, try applying for membership to the European Union as well. This will ensure your sovereignty in world politics. Many countries have petitioned (requested) membership to the European Union only to be “wait listed”. For example the well-established country of Turkey has been a candidate country for over a decade (10 years) and they sill maybe denied membership to the EU club.

Indigenous Populations- by the WHO- World Health Organization

Indigenous populations are communities that live within, or are attached to, geographically distinct traditional habitats or ancestral territories, and who identify themselves as being part of a distinct cultural group, descended from groups present in the area before modern states were created and current borders defined. They generally maintain cultural and social identities, and social, economic, cultural and political institutions, separate from the mainstream or dominant society or culture.

Indigenous people have inhabited all parts of North America for at least 12,000 years, and prior to European colonization were home to several highly sophisticated civilizations. Today there are approximately 5.2 million people in the U.S., 2% identified as Native American, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian. There are currently 565 federally recognized tribes in the United States, as well as several other tribes who are not federally recognized.

Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States of America. The U.S. federal government recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent nations". The U.S. Constitution/federal laws grant local sovereignty to tribal nations, but do not grant full sovereignty equivalent to that of foreign nations, hence the term "domestic dependent nations". Tribal lands are governed by tribal council laws they do not have to follow the same laws as those used in the United States. Tribal law does not have power outside of tribal lands.

4. GovernmentGovernment is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common needs. These needs include keeping order within a society, protecting the society from outside threats, and providing some services to its people.

Though there are many countries in the world, there are only a few kids of political systems. Each system can be classified according to its structure (How does the system divide power between the central government an smaller governments?) and its basis of authority (who ultimately holds political power?).

FIRST: Levels of Government PowerTo carry out their functions, governments are organized in a variety of ways. Most large countries have several different levels of government. These usually include a national or central government , as well as the government of smaller internal divisions such as provinces, states, counties, cities, towns, and villages.

Unitary System- A unitary system of government gives all key powers to the national or central government. This structure does not mean that only one level of government exists. Rather, it means that the central government creates state, provincial, or other local governments and gives them limited sovereignty. The United Kingdom and France both developed unitary governments as they emerged from smaller territories during the late Middle Ages and early modern times.

Federal System-

A federal system of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments. Each level of government has sovereignty in some areas. The United States developed a federal system after the thirteen colonies became independent from Great Britain.

SECOND: Types of GovernmentsGovernments can be classified by asking the following question: Who governs the state? Under this classification system, all governments belong to one of three major groups: 1. Autocracy- Ruled by one person; 2. Oligarchy- ruled by a few people; 3. Democracy- ruled by many people.

Autocracy-

Any system of government in which the power and authority to rule belongs to a single individual is an autocracy. Autocracies are the oldest and one of the most common forms of government. Most autocrats achieve and maintain their positions of authority through inheritance or by the ruthless use of military or police power.

Several forms of autocracy exit. One is an absolute or totalitarian dictatorship in which the decisions of a single leader determine government policies. The government under such a system can come to power through revolution or an election. The totalitarian dictator seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life. Examples of totalitarian dictatorships include Adolf Hitler’s government in Nazi Germany (from 1933 to 1945), Benito Mussolini’s rule in Italy (from 1922 to 1943), and Joseph Stalin’s regime in the Soviet Union (from 1924 to 1953).

Monarchy is another form of autocratic government. In a monarchy, a king or queen exercises the supreme powers of a government. Monarchs usually inherit their positions. Absolute monarchs have complete and unlimited power to rule. The king of Saudi Arabia, for example, is an absolute monarch. Absolute monarchs are rare today, but in the 1400’s to 1700’s kings or queens with absolute power ruled most of Western Europe.

Oligarchy-

An oligarchy is any system of government in which a small group holds power. The group derives its power from wealth, military power, social position, or a combination of these elements. Sometimes religion is the

source of power. Today the governments of communist countries, such as China, are mostly oligarchies. Leaders in the Communist Party and the military control the government.

Both dictatorships and oligarchies sometimes claim they rule for the people. Such governments might try to give the appearance of control by the people. For Example, They might hold elections but offer only one candidate. Such governments may also have some type of legislature or national assembly elected by or representing the people. These legislatures, however, only approve polices and decisions already made by the leaders. As in a dictatorship, oligarchies usually suppress all political opposition.

Democracy-

A democracy is any system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens. The term democracy comes from the Greek dmos (meaning “the people”) and kratia (meaning rule). The ancient Greeks used the word democracy to mean government by the many in contrast to government by the few. The key idea of democracy is that the people hold sovereign power.

Direct democracy, in which citizens themselves decide on issues, exists in some places at local levels of government. No country today has a national government base on direct democracy. Instead, democratic countries have representative democracies, in which the people elect representatives with the responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government. An assembly of the people’s representatives may be called a council, a legislature, a congress, or a

parliament.

Many countries such as the United States and France, are republics. In a republic, voters elect all major officials, who are responsible to the people. The head of state- or head of government- is usually a president elected for a specific term. Not every democracy is a republic. The United Kingdom, for example, is a democracy with a monarch as head of state. This monarch’s role is ceremonial, however, and elected officials hold the actual power to rule.