Musterbericht v2 horizontal ENG - elevator-analysis.com · Vibrations of the cabin (Max-Min, A95)...

Measuring Report

Elevator parameter

Facility number X7

Location Anytown

Name person x, person y

Date of measurement 03/02/14, 2:25 p.m.

Type Rope elevator

Nominal load 1,000 kgs

Nominal speed 2,5 m/s

Suspension

Guides*- Roller guide- Guide slide bearing

Roller guide

Bearing of the rails*- Parallel- Back pack

Parallel

Gear Without gear

Engine*- Engine rpm (1/min)

Diameter of*- Roller guide

0,19 m

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2

Fact Sheet of the Measuring Results

Positive:

• Speed of the door opening is higher than speed of the door closing

Noticeable Problems:

• High resonance vibrations at the roller guide• Increased vibrations in horizontal direction• Overshooting after acceleration• Quick jerk before start of the ride

Based on 1,500 travel cycles per day, the actual use time of the lift could be reduced by 52 min per day. Thus, the improvement potential is up to 2,1 sec per ride.

ToDos:

• Reason for the noticeable vibrations and resonances should be analyzed

• P-value of the control should be modified in order to avoid overshootingafter acceleration

• Interaction of brake and engine at start is not optimal and has to be analyzed

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Index

Test Run and Evaluation of the Ride Smoothness.................................................................................. 4Basic Parameters of the Elevator and the Doors .................................................................................... 5

Test run: Long ride downward direction (-75.81 m)...................................................................... 5Test run: Long ride upward direction (71.57 m)............................................................................ 5Dynamics of the Door (measured at the last ride) ............................................................................... 6

Improving Potential of the Flight Time..................................................................................................... 6Time-Losses at Stops (upward ride)........................................................................................................ 7Time-Losses at Stops (downward ride) ................................................................................................... 8Vibration and Smoothness of the Ride (cabin) ........................................................................................ 9

Vibrations of the cabin (Max-Min, A95).............................................................................................. 10Resonance during Ride with vmax <50Hz in upward direction (noticeable frequency)..................... 11Resonance during Ride with vmax >50Hz in downward direction (audible frequency)..................... 12Vibrations during Door Movement ..................................................................................................... 13

Stopover level................................................................................................................................. 13Bottom level.................................................................................................................................... 13

Common Peculiarities............................................................................................................................ 14

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Test Run and Evaluation of the Ride Smoothness

LiKoS® Diagnosis Diagram

Ride smoothness and ride quality are analyzed under various conditions. By contrast with ISO 18738, all sections of the ride as well as all frequencies are measured.

Orange: speed of the cabinLight blue: position of the cabin

Green label: good ride smoothness, no complaintsYellow label: uncritical vibrationsRed label: travelling stages which show higher-than-average vibrations compared to other facilities

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Basic Parameters of the Elevator and the Doors(reference values of the service specifications)

Test run: Long ride downward direction (-75.81 m)

Ride and door times

Overall time (s) 40.7

Net travelling time (s) 34.04

„Door opening“ time (s) 3.08 (short door time) (+)

„Door closing“ time (s) 3.60 (normal door time) (o)

Waiting time after door closing until start 1.10 (long waiting time) (-)

Holding time of the door (s) 3.50 (long holding time)

Parameters of pre-opening doors / late-opening doors

Pre-opening before arriving at the stop (s) 1.32 (normal pre-opening) (o)

Distance to the stop (mm) 82

Speed of the cabin at pre-opening (m/s) 0.11

Time after arriving at the stop and door opening (s) ---

Dynamics of the cabin

vMax (m/s) 2.54

Acceleration (m/s^2) -1.04 (normal acceleration)

Deceleration (m/s^2) -1.06 (normal deceleration)

Jerk 1 start (m/s^3) -2.10 (increased jerk)

Jerk 2 transition to constant speed (m/s^3) 1.19 (soft transition)

Jerk 3 transition to deceleration (m/s^3) 1.18 (very soft transition)

Jerk 4 stop (m/s^3) 1.32 (soft stop)

Test run: Long ride upward direction (71.57 m)

Ride and door periods

Overall time (s) 39.1

Net travelling time (s) 32.4

„Door opening“ time (s) 3.08 (short door time) (+)

„Door closing“ time (s) 3.60 (normal door time) (o)

Waiting time after door closing until start (s) 1.07 (long waiting time) (-)

Parameters of pre-opening doors / late-opening doors

Pre-opening before arriving at the stop (s) 1.22 (normal pre-opening) (o)

Distance to the stop (mm) 48.9

Speed of the cabin at pre-opening (m/s) 0.10

Time after arriving at the stop and door opening (s) ---

Dynamics of the cabin

vMax (m/s) 2.54

Acceleration (m/s^2) 1.01 (normal acceleration)

Deceleration (m/s^2) -1.09 (normal deceleration)

Jerk 1 start (m/s^3) 1.80 (increased jerk)

Jerk 2 transition to constant speed (m/s^3) -1.11 (soft transition)

Jerk 3 transition to deceleration (m/s^3) -1.13 (soft transition)

Jerk 4 stop (m/s^3) 1.11 (soft stop)

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Dynamics of the Door (measured at the last ride)

Closing: speed of the door (m/s) 0.25 (very low speed of the door)

max. acceleration of door leaf (m/s^2) 0.59 (very low speed of the door)

Opening: speed of the door (m/s) 0.4 (normal speed of the door)

max. acceleration of door leaf (m/s^2) 0.79 (low speed of the door)

Calculated width of the door open/closed (approx. m) 0.52 / 0.53

Improving Potential of the Flight Time

Flight time is the period of time in which the cabin is in motion. In the scope of this analysis it is checked whether the potential transport capacity is fully used. Mainly during peak times with short travel distances the evaluation of the flight time becomes highly noticeable.

Definition of the optimum:Fastest way between starting and destination level with nominal speed and equal (or adequate) comfort parameters. Comfort parameters are the measured acceleration and jerk.

Long ride upward direction

Travel distance (m) 71.60

Time of travel (s) measured / optimum 31.3 / 33.0

Time loss (s)1.3(+)

(short time loss)

Long ride downward direction

Travel distance (m) 75.79

Time of travel (s) measured / optimum 34.6 / 33.0

Time loss (s)1.6(+)

(short time loss)

Optimal travel curve and actual travel curve (speed) of the upward and downward ride

7

Time-Losses at Stops (upward ride)

For a comprehensive evaluation of the transport capacity it is important to measure the door movement in relation to the cabin movement.A time-loss at stops is the lag between a ride from level A to level B without intermediate stop and a ride from level A to level B with one intermediate stop. Door-open-time is not considered within this analysis.

Door closing time and door speed

„Door opening“ time (s) / improvement potential3.1 / 0.6

(o)(normal door time)

„Door closing“ time (s) / improvement potential3.6 / 0.6

(-)(long door time)

Total improvement potential of door movement (s) 1.2

Waiting time and movement of the cabin

Waiting time after door closing until cabin start – 0,2s0.9(-)

(long waiting time)

Improvement potential of the flight time without pre-opening of the doors. meaning:Ideal travel curve, doors open immediately after arriving at the stop.

1.3 – 1.3 = 0

Time after arriving at the stop and door opening (s) --

Speed of the door (opening/closing)1.61(++)

(door opens clearly faster than it closes)

Total improvement potential (down-time at stops) (s) 2.1 s

Door and cabin movement at stage door closing, upward ride, door opening

Orange: speed of the cabinDark Orange: speed of the doorLight blue: position of the cabin

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Time-Losses at Stops (downward ride)

Waiting time and movement of the cabin

Waiting time after door closing until start – 0,2s0.9(-)

(long waiting time)

Improvement potential of the flight time without pre-opening of the doors. meaning:Ideal travel curve, doors open immediately after arriving at the stop.

1.6 – 1.3 = 0.3

Time after arriving at the stop and door opening (s) --

Speed of the door (opening/closing)1.61(++)

(door opens clearly faster than it closes)

Total improvement potential (time-losses at stops) (s) 2.4 s

Door and cabin movement at stage door closing, downward ride, door opening

Orange: speed of the cabinDark Orange: speed of the doorLight blue: position of the cabin

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Vibration and Smoothness of the Ride (cabin)

Beside the jerk, vibrations have the highest influence on the perceived ride quality. Data provide information about e.g. the alignment of the guides, condition of the guides and lubrication. Moreover, one also receives information about peculiarities of the engine, the gear and the diverter pulley (see “common peculiarities”).

Vibration vertical z, x, y

10

Vibrations of the cabin (Max-Min, A95)

Vibration vertical z o

Door opening Door closing Constant speed

cabin (up)A95 (m/s^2)

0.06(++)

(very low vibration)

0.07(++)


0.05(++)


cabin (up)Max-Min (m/s^2)

0.14(+)

(kicks hardly noticeable)

0.122(+)


0.15(+)


cabin (down)A95 (m/s^2)

0.13(+)

(low vibration)

0.04(++)


0.05+


cabin (down)Max-Min (m/s^2)

0.21(o)

(noticeable kick)

0.05(++)

(no kicks noticeable)

0.12(+)


Vibration horizontal y



0.08(+)

(low vibration)

0.16(o)

(higher vibration)

0.25(-)

(high vibration)


0.12(+)

(low vibration)

0.28(o)

(noticeable kick)

0.49(-)

(strong kick)


0.07(++)


0.07(++)


0.22(o)

(higher vibration)


0.09(+)


0.15(+)


0.46(-)

(strong kick)

Vibration horizontal x



0.09(+)

(low vibration)

0.49(++)


0.30(-)

(high vibration)


0.12(+)

(low vibration)

0.10(+)


0.56(-)

(strong kick)


0.04(++)


0.07(++)


0.27(o)

(higher vibration)


0.06(+)


0.10(+)


0.451 (-)

(strong kick)

11

Resonance during Ride with vmax <50Hz in upward direction (noticeable frequency)

Vibration vertical z o Resonance ---(++)

Integral of the spectral power 0,021(++)

Vibration horizontal y Resonance 0,033 5.8Hz(++)

Integral of the spectral power 0,049(+)

Vibration horizontal x Resonance 0,08 4.4Hz(+)

Integral of the spectral power 0,051(o)

12

Resonance during Ride with vmax >50Hz in downward direction (audible frequency)

Vibration vertical z o Resonance ---( ++ )

Integral of the spectral power 0,029( ++ )

Vibration horizontal y Resonance ---( ++ )

Integral of the spectral power 0,039( + )

Vibration horizontal x Resonance ---( ++ )

Integral of the spectral power 0,040( + )

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Vibrations during Door Movement

These vibration values give information about the condition of the mechanical components of the door and its maintenance.The vibrations don’t transmit to the cabin. The vibration values which were measured during door movement at the bottom of the cabin are very low.

Stopover level

Vibrations of the door cross to running direction

Closing Opening

A95 (m/s^2)0.55(-)

(high vibration)

0.50(-)

(high vibration)

Max-Min (m/s^2)1.22(-)

(high vibration)

0.70(-)

(high vibration)

spectr. power (arb. units)(1Hz-100Hz)

75 79

Bottom level

Vibrations of the door cross to running direction

Closing Opening

A95 (m/s^2)0.47(o)

(higher vibration)

0.49(o)

(higher vibration)

Max-Min (m/s^2)0.92(-)

(higher vibration)

0.68(-)

(higher vibration)

spectr. power (arb. units)(1Hz-100Hz)

79.63 82

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Common Peculiarities

Most commonly occurred peculiarities of comprehensive measurements of evelators are listed below. In addition, potential reasons for these peculiarities are mentioned in the right column.

Notable for the present measurement are only entries marked in orange color!

Hoisting Capacitypotential peculiarity notable

Unequal values of acceleration and deceleration in upward and downward direction

Unequal values of the 4 jerks in upward and downward direction:Jerk1 start (m/s^3)Jerk 2 transition to constant speed (m/s^3)Jerk 3 transition to deceleration (m/s^3)Jerk 4 stop (m/s^3)

Load measuring device provides wrong values for the state of load, balance load is not correctAdjustments of the hydraulic block is not ideal

Creeping speed distance too long Inappropriate parametrization Inappropriately attached switches or magnets in the shaft

Timing of pre-opening Doors should initiate opening at start of creeping speed.Creeping speed must not be too long to avoid temporary tripping hazards.

At direct running-in, unlocking of doors should already start while still running (visible in vibrations of the door) and door-opening immediately after arriving at the stop.

Safety switching which allows running-in with open doors is generally assembled in hydraulic elevators.

Door opens not faster than it closes Door drive not parameterizable (e.g. old construction type with lever mechanism)

Door drive inappropriately parameterized

Speed of the door is very low The speed of the door complies with the mass (max. acceptable kinetic energy of 10J must not be exceeded)The speed of the door should be adapted to the environment (retirement home, hotel, office, …)

Nominal speed is not reached Adjustment and parametrization.Elevators are often limited in speed in order to realize a greater ride smoothness and to avoid resonance vibrations.If this is the case, the reason for the resonance should be sought and eliminated (if possible).

Long waiting time after door closing until start Modern elevators often have a quick start function. While doors close, preparing measures are already initiated so that the elevator is able to start immediately after door closing.If waiting times are too long, it should be checked whether the quick start function is deactivated or other problems exist.

Situational adjustment of the door opening times according to traffic volume

Modern controllers of high-performance elevators often provide the possibility to adjust door holding times according to traffic volume

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Ride Comfortpotential peculiarity notable

Greater resonance vibration occur while constant speed (typically between 2Hz and 20Hz)

Electric imbalance of the engine by out-of-round incremental encoder

I-value of the control (for constant speed) is too high (often occurs with “too tough” guided stiff systems)

Diverter pulley, guiding pulley or driving wheel are out of round

Ropes vibrate at certain rope lengths and speeds

Imbalance of the engine (e.g. balance wheel was removed)

Suspension of the cabin is undampted and tends to to build up

Acceleration and jerk are too high Parametrization of the controller

During constant speed, resonances occur within the audible range (frequencies over 20Hz).

Vibrations of the engine can be transmitted to the cabin by the ropes. If higher vibration values are traced in the cabin, a further measurement should take place:One LiKoS Mini Recorder will be attached to the cabin to record the movement of the elevator. The second LiKoS Mini Recorder will be attached directly to the engine.

Worn engines or deficiently installed gears (alignment engine/gear) also cause vibrations.

The P-value (for acceleration and deceleration) which is too high causes a buzzing noise particularly at operating state temperature. These vibrations can be transmitted by the driving wheel and the ropes.

Increased peak-to-peak-value at constant speed To locate the cause of trouble, peak-to-peak-values should be checked for repeated occurrences at the same point

Rail joints (also pay attention to the side of the counterweight)

Raw points stemming from elevator arresting

Shaft door gets touched

Back lash within the cabin guide

The empty cabin does a little rollback before ride start The brake opens too early so that the cabin starts moving up for a moment.

The interaction between engine, brake and frequency inverter is not ideal.

The elevator accelerates over nominal speed for a short time.

The P-value of the control is too low and cannot guide the engine anymore

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Characteristics of the Doorpotential peculiarity notable

Increased vibrations at the door (measured directly at the door as well as in the cabin) provide indication of the condition of the door mechanism

It makes sense to start the test run at the main stop and to compare it to a stop which has light traffic.

It is crucial that no persons enter or leave the cabin during this measurement.

Musterbericht v2 horizontal ENG - elevator-analysis.com · Vibrations of the cabin (Max-Min, A95)...

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