Music element: METER · 2012-11-01 · METER But how do we identify it? Put on your listening ears:...
Transcript of Music element: METER · 2012-11-01 · METER But how do we identify it? Put on your listening ears:...
Music element: METER
METER is how the beats are grouped together, according to the STRONG and WEAK accents of the beats.
METER
Is most commonly grouped in sets of 2 beats, called DUPLE METER, in sets of 3 (called TRIPLE), and in sets or 4 beat (called QUADRUPLE).
DUPLE: feel of 2 beats: strong – weak
TRIPLE: feel of 3 beats: strong – weak- weak
QUADRUPLE: 4 beats: strong-wk- less strg – wk
In addition, METER can be classified into SIMPLE and COMPOUND
METER
SIMPLE METER :
Occurs when the main beat can be subdivided into 2 equal parts. Simple meters usually have the quarter note as the main beat.
Examples:
a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 # of beats
4 4 4 quarter = 1
METER
COMPOUND METER :
Occurs when the main beat can be subdivided into 3 equal parts. Compound meters usually have a dotted note as the main beat.
Examples:
a) 6 b) 9 c) 12 # of beats
8 8 8 dotted quarter = 1
A dotted quarter note = 3 eight notes (3 x 8)
METER To understand SIMPLE and COMPOUND meter
better let’s pay attention to this AP Theory video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMqBpHXseVs
Meter can be DUPLE, TRIPLE, QUADRUPLE, or MIXED, depending on the way beats are grouped.
Watch the video to see examples of simple & compound meter:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXUChwbzl48&feat
ure=related
METER But how do we identify it?
Put on your listening ears: you need to start by “feeling” the beat of the song.
TAP the beat and try to identify where the “heavy” or accented beats are (stringer beats).
Now count how many BEATS you have in between, as you move from strong beat to strong to beat.
Listen to the examples in familiar tunes:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx-4K7wlovk&feature=related
METER ACTIVITY In your journal write the following:
1) 4 3 3) 4 3
4 4 4 4
2) 4 3 4) 4 3
4 4 4 4
Listen to the audio examples – circle the correct meter for each example.
METER But how do we identify it?
Listen to the examples:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB63_-zitwM&feature=related
Compound meter:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rvdbQyHhKbE&feature=autoplay&list=PL2639803D3506B9C4&playnext=2
TEMPO
TEMPO is the SPEED of the music.
• To describe TEMPO music uses a set of ITALIAN words to describe the various speeds.
• Usually the middle ground is set by the word MODERATO which means “in a moderate walking speed”- (your normal walking pace)
Tempo markings: Words that indicate how fast or slow
the music should be played
Largo Very slow
Adagio Slow
Andante Slow but moving tempo
HERE ARE SOME SLOW TEMPO MARKINGS:
Tempo markings: Words that indicate how fast or slow
the music should be played
Allegro Fast
Presto Lively and quickly
Prestissimo Very fast
HERE ARE SOME FAST TEMPO MARKINGS:
Tempo Activity: Look at the markings below: in your
journal, arrange them in order, from fast to slow (1-5)
___ Andante ___Moderato
___ Allegro ___ Adagio ___Presto
Would this arrangement be accelerando or
ritardando? _____________
Write it in your journal!
Changing Tempo Markings: indicate speed changes
ACCELERANDO: Gradually speed up
RITARDANDO: Gradually slow down
TEMPO PRIMO: Return to the original tempo
Tempo Activity: In you journal, COPY the following.
When we listen to the song, determine what the tempo might be: use the hint
on your worksheet
1. Pumped-up kicks: _____________________
2. VIVA LA VIDA: _______________________________________
3. WILLIAM TELL OVERTURE: ____________________________
Tempo Activity: Listen to the music examples and
determine what the tempo might be: use the hint on your worksheet
1. Shape of my heart : ___________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_tHPWO_4gg
2. VIVA LA VIDA: _______________________________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dvgZkm1xWPE
3. William Tell Overture:
____________________________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOmMRBHxU0w
TEXTURE: Describes how many layers or main lines of melody or harmony we have in the music
There are four types of TEXTURE:
• MONOPHONY or monophonic music
• HOMOPHONY or homophonic music
• POLYPHONY or polyphonic music
• HETEROPHONY or heterophonic music
WATCH this summary video
AP theory: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J2R20X16Jc
MONOPHONIC TEXTURE:
• Monophonic music has only one melodic line,
with no harmony or counterpoint.
• There may be rhythmic accompaniment, but
only one line that has specific pitches.
• Monophonic music can also be called
monophony.
MONOPHONIC TEXTURE:
Examples of Monophony
• One person whistling a tune
• A group of people all singing a song together,
without harmonies or instruments, such as in
Gregorian chant -- http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Gregorian+Chant+Free+Download&view=
detail&mid=B8B65E532B63F1021E2EB8B65E532B63F1021E2E&first=0
• A single bugle (trumpet) sounding "Taps“
• Queen's "We Will Rock You : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tJYN-eG1zk
HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE:
Homophonic music has one clearly melodic line (the
main tune); all other parts provide accompaniment
or fill in the chords.
It can also be called Homophony -- Listen : http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=scott+joplin+the+entertainer&mid=
EA029882872C33653382EA029882872C33653382&view=detail&FORM
=VIRE5
When other “tunes” are present but they are sung or
played with the melody, or have the same rhythm,
they are not independent melodic parts, and the
texture is still homophonic
HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE:
Examples of Homophony
• Choral music in which the parts have mostly the
same rhythms at the same time.
• A singer accompanied by a guitar picking or
strumming chords, or by a back-up band (most
commercial music is homophonic).
• A small jazz combo with a bass, a piano, and a
drum set providing the "rhythm" background for a
trumpet improvising a solo.
• Listen: Sting– shape of my heart
POLYPHONIC TEXTURE:
The music is polyphonic if more than one
independent melody is occurring at the same time.
Polyphonic music can also be called polyphony,
counterpoint, or contrapuntal music
LISTEN:
Pachelbel’s canon: http://vimeo.com/1653186
Les Miserables: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=one+day+more+les+miserables&mid=5322FED45B1
20112EDA75322FED45B120112EDA7&view=detail&FORM=VIRE3
Bach’s fugue: http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=bach's+fugue+in+g+minor&mid=867093FA
5E3214742F20867093FA5E3214742F20&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1
POLYPHONIC TEXTURE:
Examples of Polyphony
•Rounds, canons, and fugues are all polyphonic and
music where the parts sound independent.
•Much Baroque music is contrapuntal, particularly
the works of J.S. Bach.
•Most music for large instrumental groups such as
bands or orchestras is contrapuntal at least some of
the time.
•Think of a favorite pop or gospel tune that, near the
end, has the soloist “singing freeely" while the back-
up singers repeat the refrain.
HETEROPHONIC TEXTURE:
Two or more voices simultaneously performing
variations of the same melody
Heterophonic texture is rare in Western music.
•EXAMPLES:
Heterophony can be heard in the Bluegrass,
"mountain music", Cajun, and Zydeco traditions.
Listen for the tune to be played by two instruments
(say fiddle and banjo) at the same time, with each
adding the embellishments and ornaments that are
characteristic of the instrument.
HETEROPHONIC TEXTURE:
•Some Middle Eastern, South Asian, central
Eurasian, and Native American music traditions
include heterophony.
Listen for traditional music (most modern-composed
music, even from these cultures, has little or no
heterophony) in which singers and/or
instrumentalists perform the same melody at the
same time, but give it different embellishments or
ornaments
Listen:
TEXTURE LISTENING ACTIVITY: In your journal, make a list 1 through 5.
Listen and write the texture you think the example has .
Ex 1: ____________________________ http://www.classicalarchives.com/web_player.html
Ex 2: ____________________________ http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Bach+Fugue+In+G+Minor&view=detail&mid=A
C069CADD8F91AB40E3BAC069CADD8F91AB40E3B&first=21
Ex. 3: ____________________________ http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Hear+Gregorian+Chant&mid=5DEE4ECD3A73
EA1493C65DEE4ECD3A73EA1493C6&view=detail&FORM=VIRE2
Ex 4: __________________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWNaR-rxAic
Ex. 5: ____________________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpdB6CN7jww&feature=related
• Acknowledgements: Module adapted from “the basic elements of
music” by: Catherine Schmidt-Jones. • http://www.vevo.com/watch/enigma/sadeness-part-i/DEA210303260#/watch/enigma/sadeness-
part-i/DEA210303260