Muscular System

Bell Work

How does the muscular system relate to

the following organ systems,

Respiratory

Circulatory

Digestive

Exercise Science Standards

8) Review the gross and cellular anatomy and physiology of the

musculoskeletal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Define the terms

neuromuscular integration and central command. Summarize how

neuromuscular integration, central command, and training and/or

rehabilitation plans are based on the integration of the muscle nerve with

the muscles of these systems.

9) Identify the two types of muscle fibers and their subtypes, slow twitch and

fast twitch. Relate the concepts of histochemistry, immunocytochemistry,

and physiologic contraction times to the performance of athletes in various

sports. Evaluate the role genetics and training play in muscle fiber

adaptations. From this research, generate an informational artifact to share

with athletes or clients as part of an exercise/training program.

Anatomy & Physiology

Standards 14) Classify the three categories of muscle fibers, differentiating between

cells and tissue. Draw evidence from informational texts to explain the

locations, behavioral properties, and functional roles unique to each

category. Draw on knowledge of biological processes, such as the body’s

conversion of ATP into energy, to illustrate phenomena such as muscle

fatigue.

15) Explain the guidelines used in naming skeletal muscles, such as

location, size, direction, etc. Develop a graphic that identifies the name of

the muscle, the directional motion, location, and function of the following

muscle groups:

a. Muscles of facial expressions

b. Muscles of mastication

c. Muscles of the neck

d. Muscles of the trunk and upper extremities

e. Muscles of lower extremities

OBJECTIVES

Review the muscular system’s types,

functions, characteristics, points of

attachment, and categories of naming by

creating a crossword puzzle.

Develop a graphic of 15 common muscles

in the human body.

Introduction

You have over 600 skeletal muscles (656-

850 depending on who you talk to)

Muscles account for 40% of our body

weight

Types of muscle tissue

Cardiac:

Walls of the heart

Involuntary

striated

Smooth or visceral

Found in internal organs: respiratory tract,

digestive tract, blood vessels and eyes

Long circular fibers – peristalsis

Smooth (no striations)

INVOLUNTARY

Skeletal or striated

Attached to the bones to cause skeletal

movement

Striated

VOLUNTARY

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

Produce skeletal movement

Maintain posture and body movement

(muscle tone)

Protection of soft tissue: abdominal wall

and pelvic floor

Maintain body temperature: ex. shivering

Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

Irritability/excitability: ability of a muscle to

respond to a stimulus—nerve impulse

Contractibility: when stimulated muscles

respond by contracting

Extensibility: ability to be stretched

Elasticity: ability to return to its normal

shape after being stretched or contracted

Types of Muscle Contraction

Isometric: same length – ex. Wall sits

Concentric: muscle shortens while

contracting: ex. Bicep curl

Eccentric: muscle lengthens while

contracting: bicep as you are lowering the

weight

Points of Attachment

Origin: less moveable attachment point,

usually more proximal

Insertion: more moveable attachment

point, usually distal

Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by

tendons

How Muscles are Named

Origin and insertion: sternocleidomastoid,

is named for its attachment to the sternum,

clavicle, and mastoid process

Location or region:

Pectoralis – chest

Gluteus – buttocks

Brachii – arm

Abdominus – abdomen

Femoris -- femur

Action: flexor, extensor, adductor, abductor

Fibers: the direction that the fibers run

Rectus – straight, rectus abdominis

Tranverse – across, transversus abdominus

Oblique – diagonal, external oblique

Obiqularis – circular, obiqularis oris

Divisions

Bi – two

Tri – three

Quad -- four

Size:

Vastus: Huge, vastus lateralis

Maximus: large, gluteus maximus

Minimus: small, gluteus minumus

Longus: long, abductor pollicus longus

Brevis: short, abductor pollicus brevis

Shape

Deltiod: triangular

Rhomboid: rhombus

Trapezius: trapezoid

Categories Based on Action

Agonists: the prime mover, the muscle

whose primary function is that particular

movement

Synergist: helper, a muscle who assists

the agonist in that movement

Antagonist: a muscle who has the

opposite movement of the agonist

Example: for the movement of elbow

flexion

Agonist: biceps brachii

Synergist: brachioradialis

Antagonist: triceps brachii

Muscles to Know!!!

(Page 167 old or 321 new book)1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

2. Pectoralis Major (chest)

3. Deltoid (upper/side of arm)(injection site)

4. Biceps Brachii (muscle with 2 heads at the front of upper arm)

5. Triceps Brachii (muscle with 3 heads at the back of upper

arm)

6. Intercostals (inter=between; costae= ribs) (this is not in book)

7. Rectus Abdominus (Abs)(Abd; rectus= straight)

8. Trapezius (Upper Back/Neck)

9. Lattisimus Dorsi (Dorsal = back)

10. Gluteus Maximus (Maximus= large muscle) (injection site)

11. Gastrocnemius (Calf)

12. Quadriceps Femoris (muscle with 4 heads on top of femur)

(injection site) (this name is not in book)

13. Sartorius (crosses over thigh like a seat belt)

14. Tibialis Anterior (front of tibia)

15. Orbicularis Oris (surrounds lips)

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

n.

1670s, from

Latinized form of

Greek

gastroknemia "calf

of the leg”, from

gaster "belly" +

kneme "leg“. So

called for its form –

belly of the leg.

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

NAME THAT MUSCLE!!

Activity

Create your own

crossword puzzle

using key terms

from the following

headings:

Characteristics

Functions

Types

Attachments

Make sure to make

an “empty”

crossword as well

as a “key” to the

crossword puzzle.

Use at least 20

terms…

(E.g. movement,

cardiac, elasticity.)

Exit Ticket

Name one function

of the muscular

system.

Name two ways

muscles are

named.

Which type of

muscle would the

small intestine be

considered?

What is an

antagonistic

muscle?

Sternocleidomastoid

Pectoralis Major

Deltoid

Biceps Brachii

Triceps Brachii

Intercostals

Rectus Abdominus

Trapezius

Lattisimus Dorsi

Gluteus Maximus

Gastrocnemius

Quadriceps Femoris

Sartorius

Tibialis Anterior

Orbicularis Oris

Skull

Mandible

Ulna

Tibia

Radius

Fibula

Carpals

Metacarpals

Femur

Tarsals

Phalanges

Clavicle

Sternum

Metatarsals

Ribs

Lumbar spine

Pelvis