Occipital Condyle Fractures: Epidemiology, Classification ...
Muscles of the head and neck. TMJ Mandibular fossa of temporal bone with condyle of mandible ...
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Transcript of Muscles of the head and neck. TMJ Mandibular fossa of temporal bone with condyle of mandible ...
![Page 1: Muscles of the head and neck. TMJ Mandibular fossa of temporal bone with condyle of mandible Incongruent surfaces Two joint cavities with articular.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022032308/56649f4e5503460f94c6f9a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Muscles of the head and neck
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TMJ
Mandibular fossa of temporal bone with condyle of mandible
Incongruent surfaces Two joint cavities with articular disc
interposed Lower cavity = hinge joint Upper joint = gliding
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TMJ
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TMJ
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Mandible
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Mandible
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TMJ
Capsule– Surrounds the joint– Encloses the disc– Attaches above the margins of the mandibular
fossa– To the neck of the mandible– Inner aspect of capsule attaches to disc– Above disc – capsule loose– Below disc - taut
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TMJ Capsule
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TMJ Capsule
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TMJ Ligaments Lateral ligament - AKA TMJ ligament
– From zygomatic bone to run inferiorly and posteriorly to blend with the joint capsule to attach to lateral and posterior parts of the neck of the mandible
Sphenomandibular – Strong thin flat band lying on medial aspect of the joint– Passes inferiorly and forwards from the spine of the sphenoid
to the lingula Stylomandibular
– Extends from the apex of the styloid process to the lower part of the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, near the angle
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TMJ Capsule
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TMJ Innervated by CN V, Mandibular branch Movements
– Elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, side to side Elevation and depression involves the hinge like
rotation of the condyle against the disc in the lower compartment
Protraction and retraction – actions whereby the condyle and disc move as one unit against the mandibular fossa. In protraction the condyle and disc glide forwards so that the condyle rides on the articular eminence – retraction = opposite
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CN V Trigeminal
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TMJ Motions
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TMJ Motions
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TMJ
Side to side – grinding movements– Mandible is alternately protracted and retracted
with the two sides moving in opposite directions so that one side is protracted while the other is retracted
– Actions combined with elevation and depression, rhythmically and alternately
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Muscles of Mastication
Masseter Temporalis Lateral pterygoid Medial pterygoid All innervated by CNV Opening of jaw (depression) primarily
passive or gravity assist
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Masseter
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Temporalis
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Pterygoids
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Pterygoids
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Pterygoids
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Nerve Supply to Face
Sensory by three divisions of CN V – opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
Innervation of muscles of facial carried out by CN VII – the Facial Nerve
Origin, branches, motor functions, sensory functions, parasympatheric functions
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CN V
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CN V
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Sensory to Face
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Sensory
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Scalp
Three Layers– Outer = skin
– Beneath that – subcutaneous layer with many nerves and vessels running through here, binds skin to inner layer
– Galea Aponeurotica – AKA epicranial aponeurosis
– Galea attaches to pericranium via loose CT
This allows scalp to move over the skull Most muscles of face attach to skin, this
arrangement allows them to be more mobile.
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Scalp
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Scalp
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CN VII – The Facial Nerve
Motor nerve to muscles of facial expression with one notable exception
Origin = lower pons Branches – common nerve enters face
– Temporal– Zygomatic– Buccal – Mandibular– Cervical
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Motor to Face CNVII
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CN VII
Motor Functions– Muscles of facial expression– External ear
Sensory functions– Ant. 2/3 of tongue– Soft palate– Pharynx
Parasympathetic– Gland stimulation
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CN VII
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Muscles of Facial Expression
Primary action is to act as either a sphincter or dilator of the orifices of the face
Facial expression is a by-product Orifices
– Lips = labia– Nose = nares; Nostrils, Septum, Ala, Apex,
Root– Eyelids = palpebrae
External Ear = auricle, lobule = soft portion
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Selected Muscles of Facial Expression * = learn Orbicularis Oculi Levator Palpebrae Superioris*
– O: Root of Orbital Cavity– I: Skin of upper eyelid– A: Raises upper eyelid– N: Note Well, Nerve = CN III
Ptosis is a condition of denervation to this muscle causing drooping of the eyelid, a clinical symptom indicating more loss
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Facial MM
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Facial MM
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Facial MM
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Facial MM
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Muscles Continued
Occipitofrontalis Corrugator Auricular muscles of the ear – ant., post.,
sup. Nose
– Nasalis– Procerus– Depressor Septi
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Facial MM
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Facial MM
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Ear MM
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Nose MM
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Nose MM
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Muscles Mouth
– Depressor anguli oris– Depressor labii inferior– Mentalis– Risorius– Orbicularis oris– Buccinator*– Zygomaticus major– Zygomaticus minor– Levator labii superioris– Platysma
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Platysma
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Mouth
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Facial MM
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Extra Occular Muscles of the Eye
Muscles that move the eyeball Innervated by: CN III (most), CN IV
(1),CN VI (1) Many have an origin from the annulus
tendinous, a common tendon ring attached around the optic canal
Most attach to the sclera of the eyeball
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Eye MM
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Muscles *
Superior Rectus – rotates eyeball upward and medially –CN III
Medial Rectus – rotates medially (ADD) – CN III
Lateral Rectus – rotates eyeball laterally (ABD) – CN VI
Inferior Rectus – rotates eyeball downward and medially – CN III
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Eye MM
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Eye MM
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Eye MM
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Eye MM
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Muscles * Superior Oblique – rotates eyeball downward and
lateral – CN IV Inferior Oblique – rotates eyeball upward and lateral –
CN III Combined motions
– Up and medial = sup.rectus– Up and lateral = inferior oblique– Straight up = sup. rectus and inf. oblique– Straight down = inf. rectus and sup. oblique– Down and medial = inferior rectus– Down and lateral = superior oblique– Lateral Gaze = ABD of one eye with ADD of the other
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Eye Movements
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Eye Movments
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Eye Movements