MUSCLES AND MUSCLE TISSUES

Chapter 9

Functions of Muscle Tissue

Movement

Heat production

Maintenance of posture

Stabilize joints

Functional Characteristics

Excitability

Contractibility

Extensibility

Elasticity

Types of Muscle Tissue

Types of Muscle Tissue

Types of Muscle Tissue

Types of Muscle Tissue

Gross Anatomy ofSkeletal Muscle

Gross Anatomy ofSkeletal Muscle

Gross Anatomy ofSkeletal Muscle

Gross Anatomy ofSkeletal Muscle

Highly vascularized

Highly innervated

Muscle Attachments

Insertion versus origin

Direct attachment

Indirect attachment (tendons and aponeurosis)

Microscopic Anatomy

Microscopic Anatomy

Microscopic Anatomy

Neuromuscular Junction

Generating an Action Potential

Generating an Action Potential

Sliding Filament Model

Sliding Filament Model

Sliding Filament Model

Sliding Filament Model

Motor Units

Typical Myogram

Frequency of Stimulation

Treppe

Muscle Tone

Muscle Metabolism

Muscle Fatigue

THE MUSCULAR THE MUSCULAR SYSTEMSYSTEM

CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10

Interactions of Interactions of Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

Agonist=prime moverAgonist=prime mover

Antagonist=opposes the agonistAntagonist=opposes the agonist

Synergist=helpersSynergist=helpers

Fixators=immobilizersFixators=immobilizers

Naming Skeletal MusclesNaming Skeletal Muscles

LocationLocation ShapeShape Relative sizeRelative size DirectionDirection Number of originsNumber of origins Location of attachmentsLocation of attachments ActionAction

Fascicle ArrangementFascicle Arrangement

Muscle MechanicsMuscle Mechanics

Lever SystemsLever Systems

What is a Lever?What is a Lever?

A A leverlever is a rigid bar that moves on a is a rigid bar that moves on a fixed point, or fixed point, or fulcrumfulcrum, when a force , when a force is applied to it. The applied force, or is applied to it. The applied force, or efforteffort, is used to move a resistance, , is used to move a resistance, or or loadload. .

Mechanical AdvantageMechanical Advantage

Mechanical DisadvantageMechanical Disadvantage

Three Classes of LeversThree Classes of Levers

Three Classes of LeversThree Classes of Levers

Three Classes of LeversThree Classes of Levers