Muscles and Movement
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Transcript of Muscles and Movement
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Muscles and Movement
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The JointBest unit representation of how the body
moves
• Where two or more bones contact
• Includes many components:• BONES• LIGAMENTS• MUSCLES• TENDONS• NERVES
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The BONES• Bones are ORGANS• FUNCTION: framework for
body• FUNCTION: Protection
for……..• FUNCTION: Act as levers • FUNCTION: Forms RBC• FUNCTION: Storage of
minerals, especially calcium and phosphorous.
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BONES and TENDONS: A TEAM
• Skeletal Muscles are attached to bones by TENDONS.
• TENDONS are cords of dense connective tissue
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Arrangement of bones and design of joints
These are the two factors that determine the type or range of motion
possible in an organisms’ body….
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THE MUSCLES: Working in antagonistic pairs
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MAINTAINING CONTROL
• Ligaments:• Tough band-like
structures that strengthen the joint. • Contains different
nerve endings…
• Nerves• Works with ligaments
to control positions of the joints• Prevents over-extension
of joint and its parts.
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NUTRITION
• Blood– Supplies joints with….– Damaged blood
vessels causes haemorrhage
– Results in swelling
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINT
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINT
Cartilage: reduces friction and absorbs compression
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINT
Synovial Fluid: lubricates to…… and provides nutrients for cells
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINT
Joint Capsule: surrounds joint, encloses Synovial cavity, unites connecting bones
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINT
Tendons: Attach muscle to bone
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTLigaments: Connects bone to bone
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTBiceps: contracts to bring out flexion (bending) of arm
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTTriceps: contracts to cause extension (straightening) of the arm
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTHumerus: act as lever that allows anchorage of muscles of elbow
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTRadius: act as lever for the biceps muscle
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JOINT TYPE: HINGE JOINTUlna: act as lever for the _______________muscle
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JOINT TYPE: KNEE JOINT
Just like the elbow, the knee joint:
(1)Can move freely (diarthrotic joints)
(2)Is also of the synovial type – why do you think this is so?
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JOINT TYPE: BALL-&-SOCKET JOINTS
What do you think is the difference in the design of this joint?
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Case Study: KNEE SURGERY
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Case Study Review Question
• What would be the result of a decrease in synovial fluid at a freely movable joint?