Mus Culo Skeletal n Wound Care Template
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Transcript of Mus Culo Skeletal n Wound Care Template
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES
• Injury of the bone, joint and muscles• Fracture - broken bones, a break in a
bone• People don’t usually die of broken
bone but airway obstruction, blood loss, brain injury
• Fracture- painful, debilitating, life-long disability and deformity
Classification• Open or closed• Transverse• Oblique• spiral• impacted• Greenstick• Comminuted• Impacted
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE
• Pain• Deformity• Open wound• Swelling• Dysfunction• Crepitus• History of injury
WHAT TO DO• ABC…..• Remove clothing/constricted item• Examine the injured area• Check blood flow and
neurology(circulation, sensation,movement)
• Splint the fracture/Arrest bleeding• Appropriate referral
JOINT INJURY• Place two or more bone become
together• Dislocation - When joint become
totally apart and no longer in contact• Subluxation- When joint become
partially apart
Signs and symptoms• Deformity(compare with the contra
lateral joint)• Severe pain • Swelling• Inability to move the joint
What to do• ABC…• CSM(Circulation, sensation, motion)• Splint the joint• Symptomatic treatment• Reduce (If you know how)• Appropriate referral
SPRAIN• Ligament and tendon injury during
joint movement or twisting violently• Ligament - Connect bone to bone• Tendon - Connect muscle to bone
Signs and symptoms• Similar to fracture• Difficult to distinguish• Bluish discoloration or hematoma
formation around the joint
Strains• Muscle pull/injury• Occur to untrained muscle when it is
stretched beyond its normal range of motion
• Eg . Sudden sprint• Area become inflammed causing
pain and stiffness
What to look for….?• Sharp pain at the affected area• Extreme tenderness• Cavity,indentation or bump• Weakness and loss of function• Stiffness and pain
Cramps• Muscle goes into uncontrolled spasm
and contraction• Causing severe pain and loss of
motion• No definitive cause identified so far• A/w diabetes and atherosclerosis• Night cramps and heat cramps which
related to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
What to do…..• Gently stretch the affected muscle• Relax the muscle• Apply ice to the cramped muscle• Drink salted cool water or sports
drink
Donts• Give salt tablet to patient• Massage or rub the affected
muscle( may cause more pain and does not relieve cramping)
wound
• Break in the skin surface• May allow micro-organism to enter the
body,causing an infection.• A few types
Types of wound• Abrasion- top layer of skin is loss with little or
blood loss• Laceration- cut skin with jagged and irregular
edges,usually caused by a forceful tearing away of skin tissue
• Incisions- smooth-edged,resembling a surgical or like a paper-cut,
• Puncture- deep, narrow wounds in the skin and underlying organs such as stab wound from a nail or knife
• Avulsion - piece of skin is torn loose and is either hanging from the body or completely removed, bleeds lots
What to do…..?• Protect yourself
– Use glove– Several layers of gauze pads or plastic wrap– Ask the patient to use his/her own hand to
pressure the wound– Use your bare hand as LAST RESORT
Cleaning the wound• To prevent infection• Scrub and clean your hand vigorously with so.• .• .• .• ap and water• Wear gloves• Expose the wound• Clean the woun.• .• .• .• .• .• .• .• d,irrigate thoroughly,remove foreign body
Wound coverage• Use sterile dressing• Don’t use tape• Cover the wound with a thin layer of
antibiotic ointment• Change the dressing if soaked• Dressing- cover the wound• Bandage - holds the dressing in place
Predisposing factor• Dirty and foreign material• Rugged or crushed tissue• Bite woundsWound that is not cleaned thouroughlyInjury to underlying bone, joint or tendon