Munday copyright 20061 Bound for Glory: An Environmental History of Anacaonda, Montana Pat Munday,...
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Transcript of Munday copyright 20061 Bound for Glory: An Environmental History of Anacaonda, Montana Pat Munday,...
Munday copyright 2006 1
Bound for Glory:An Environmental History of
Anacaonda, MontanaPat Munday, PhD
Munday copyright 2006 2
The ACM, Superfund, Next Stop?
• Anaconda within national context
• Landscape as social construction
• Problems and opportunities
• Landscape is the story we tell ourselves
about who we are.
Munday copyright 2006 3Marcosson (1957)
Munday copyright 2006 4
Marcus Daly (1841-1900)
• The Alice Mine (1876)• Demand for copper• The ACM• Butte “smoke wars”
Marcosson (1957)
Munday copyright 2006 5
Anaconda, 1884
Kelly (1983)
Munday copyright 2006 6
ACM: Vertical Integration
Mt Hist Soc Shay Petritz
Munday copyright 2006 7
Anaconda, 1887
MT RR History
Munday copyright 2006 8
Morris (1997)
Montana Hotel c. 1900
Munday copyright 2006 9
Anaconda Brewery
BeerHistory.com
Munday copyright 2006 10Courthouse c. 1900
Morris (1997)
Munday copyright 2006 11
Morris (1997)
Daly’s Racetrack
Munday copyright 2006 12
Kelly (1983)
Daly’s Tammany c. 1895
Munday copyright 2006 13
The Changing Landscape,Main Street looking south
1900
Mt RR Hist
1909
Mt RR Hist
Munday copyright 2006 14
U Washington Library
The Melting Pot Myth
Munday copyright 2006 15
Smoke Wars
Anaconda Standard,1911
MacMillan (2000)
Washoe Reduction Works, 1903
MacMillan (2000)
Munday copyright 2006 16Kelly (1983)
The Big Stack and
the bigger stack, 1918
Munday copyright 2006 17BA&P, Durant Canyon c. 1902
Mutschler (2002)
Munday copyright 2006 18
Morris (1997)
Smelter Hill Commuter c. 1906
Munday copyright 2006 19
Mutschler (2002)
BA&P c. 1915
Munday copyright 2006 20
Durant Station c. 1915
Mutschler (2002)
Munday copyright 2006 21Pouring Anodes, 1942
Murphy (2003)
Munday copyright 2006 22
Smelterwomen, 1944
Mercier (2001)
Munday copyright 2006 23
The Changing Landscape,Main Street looking south
1909
Mt RR Hist
1950s
Mt RR Hist
Munday copyright 2006 24
Montana NRDP
The End of an Era
Munday copyright 2006 25Finn (1998)
War in Europe
(Peaked at 150,000 tons in 1916)
Munday copyright 2006 26
The Superfund Era• CERCLA (EPA)
• CECRA (Mt NRDP)
• Anaconda Smelter-Community Soils (1983 1987-98)• Stream Side Tailings (1983 1995)• Clark Fork River (1985 2004)
• Natural Resource Damage suit filed (1983)• Partial settlement (1998)
Munday copyright 2006 27
Mt NRDP
Silver Bow Creek – Tailings Removal
28
Questionable Arsenic Levels
• Anaconda = 500 mg/kg• Lingering concerns re:
attic & wall dust• Bi-Mart fiasco with
“brownfield”• Social Justice issues?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
< 10 11.-29 30-99 100-399
Fre
quen
cy
Cleanup Levels (mg/kg)Davis et al (2001)
X
Munday copyright 2006 29
Old Works Golf Course
EPA
Munday copyright 2006 30
Natural Resource Damage Program
Munday copyright 2006 31
NRD Program
Munday copyright 2006 32
Mt NRDP
Anaconda Uplands Injury
Munday copyright 2006 33
Mt NRDP
Watershed Land Acquisition
Munday copyright 2006 34
Next Stop?
• Ecological restoration as social reconstruction
• Sustainable use of natural resources
• Recreational amenities
• Good schools
• Pleasant towns
35
Recreational Amenities
Hans Will
Dick Wright
Munday copyright 2006 36
Discovery Ski Area
37
Library of Congress
Munday copyright 2006 38
Questions?
I. The ACM EraACM overview
Town of Anaconda
Changing landscape
BA&P
Wartime
The end of an era
II. The Superfund EraCERCLA (EPA)
CECRA (Mt NRDP)
III. Next Stop?
Munday copyright 2006 39
Print Sources• Davis, Andy et al. “Policy Analysis: An Analysis of Soil Arsenic Records of Decision”
Environmental Science & Technology 35 (2001): 2401-2407.
• Finn, Janet L. Tracing the Veins (University of California Press, 1998).
• Kelly, Matt. Anaconda: Montana’s Copper City (Butte, Montana: Soroptimist Club of Anaconda/Artcraft Printing, 1983).
• MacMillan, Donald. Smoke Wars: Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, 1890-1920 (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press).
• Marcosson, Isaac F. Anaconda (NY: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1957).
• Mercier, Laura. Anaconda: Labor, Community, and Culture in Montana’s Smelter City (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2001).
• Mitchell, Don. “Writing the Western: New Western History’s Encounter with Landscape.” Ecumene 5 (1998): 7-29.
• Morris, Patrick F. Anaconda, Montana: Copper Smelting Boom Town on the Western Frontier (Bethesda, MD: Swann Publishing, 1997).
• Munday, Pat. Montana’s Last Best River: The Big Hole and its People (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2001).
• Murphy, Mary. Hope in Hard Times (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press, 2003).
• Mutschler, Charles V. Wired for Success: The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, 1892-1985 (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 2002).