Multiple Customer Benaroya

8/3/2019 Multiple Customer Benaroya

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Haym Benaroya

LEAG Conference on Lunar Exploration 2005

Breakout Group

Houston 27 October 2005

Multiple-Customer

Industrial/Scientific/ExplorationFacility

M E C H A N I C A L & A E R O S P A C


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Multiple-Customer Industrial/Scientific/Exploration Facility

President Bushs new vision for NASA plans to

return astronauts to the Moon by 2015.

The Chinese Change program plans human

missions to the Moon after 2020.

The European Space Agencys Aurora programintends to send humans to the Moon by 2024.

New Space Programs


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attract young people to engineering & science

benefit from dual-use technologies

reasonable accessibility from Earth

astronomy

resources

geology

stepping stone to Mars

survival of the species

Moon First !



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areas ofpermanent sunlight

solar cells can bemade from localmaterials

no atmosphere

power beamingback to Earth

Energy production


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fuel cells need platinumas a catalyst

not enough platinumresources on Earth toreplace all engines in theUS with fuel cells

Apollo data show thatthe Moon is rich inplatinum

Mining


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Tourism

Hilton

Concept and pictures courtesy Peter Inston


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Tourism - Marriott


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Structural Concepts


first generation:

pre-fabricated and pre-outfitted

modules like the ones for theISS


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Structural Concepts


second generation:

locally assembledstructures after a

certain presence onthe Moon has beenestablished

third generation:

structures exclusivelymade from localmaterials


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inflatable structures

cable structures

rigid structures

buried structures

Structural Concepts

Focusing on second generation habitats, most proposedconcepts can be divided into:



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A Spherical Inflatable


Concept and picture courtesy M. Roberts (NASA)


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A Box Shaped Inflatable


Concept and picture courtesy M. Criswell


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The Torus-Dome Inflatable


Concept and picture courtesy P. Chow


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A Lunar Crater Base


Concept and picture courtesy A. Eichold (NASA)


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A Modular Approach


Concept and picture courtesy M. Schroeder


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A Self-Erecting Structure


Concept and picture courtesy Y. Hijazi


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A Tied-Arch Shell Structure


Concept and picture by F. Ruess and H. Benaroya


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gMoon= 1.62 m / s

gEarth= 9.81 m / s

gravity is reduced by 5/6

A lunar structure has six times the weight bearing

capacity as on Earth.

Gravity



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can range from 34.5 kPa (5 psi) to 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi)

optimum is believed to be at 69 kPa (10 psi)

enclosure structure must contain the pressure

Internal Air Pressurization



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protection from radiation and micrometeoroids

insulation (temperature differentials of 250C)

regolith cover is most feasible

at least 2.5 m 3.0 m of regolith cover needed

average regolith mass is 1.7 g / cm dead load results to 8.3 kPa (1.2 psi)

Shielding



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dynamic loads from operating machinery

accidental loads like vehicle impacts

extreme temperatures/gradients

planned or accidental decompression

hard vacuum

Other Loads



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Lunar Enabled Enterprises Astronomical Researchcan be situated on the far

side where telescopes and equipment can be effectively

shielded by the Moon from Earth noise. Some astronomers

believe that it may be possible to see back to the

beginning of time from this vantage site.

Near Earth Asteroid Trackingcan be performed inconjunction with the astronomical research using

unmanned and remotely controlled telescopes.



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Board and Chip Manufacturingthat can takeadvantage of the hard vacuum and lower gravity are often

identified as early components of a lunar manufacturing

economy. This, in conjunction with the possibility of

manufacturing electronics for LEO satellites, can be a

major sector of the lunar economy.

Lunar Enabled Enterprises



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Low and High Temperature Processesfor the

manufacture of exotic materials and for in-situ materialsprocessing will find the Moon an ideal site.




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Hard Vacuum Processes for low pressure

materials synthesis materials Chemical Vapor Deposition

non-Agglomerated Nanopowder Synthesis

Fabrication of Microstructures, or Thin Films,

all benefit from and need high vacuum.




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Chemical Reactions and Mixing Researchcanlead to unique processes that can only be produced in alow gravity, hard vacuum environment.

Car Body/Engine Partssuch as batteries, bearingsand materials may find the lunar environment

advantageous. While cars are the primary beneficiaries, all

these, especially batteries, have significant space

applications.




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Materials Researchon the Moon may focus on the manufacture ofsingle crystal components such as:

fan blades

engine cores

and the casting process, where improved sedimentation and

cooling processes can reduce mass while increasing strength,

glasses and ceramics

production of high-end perfect optics is a serious possibility.

In-Situ and Meteor/Asteroid Materialsutilization will feed into theresearch and manufacturing sectors of the lunar economy. Large

quantities of Helium-3 can act as a fuel for eventual nuclear fusion

energy systems. Elements such as oxygen and hydrogen can be utilized

to synthesize liquid rocket fuels.




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Remote Sensing of Earth and the asteroids: for minerals and precious materials

of Earth's environment to monitor weather for pollution studies and land use

and by news organizations can be a valuable service.

Satellites can be manufactured on the Moon and placedinto LEO. The cost savings here may drive a number ofindustries related to satellite manufacturing to theMoon.




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Medical Research requiring hard vacuum and/orlow gravity and/or isolation may find the lunarenvironment attractive: medical treatment of massive injuries

growth of human organs and cartilage

immune systems research

pharmaceutical research and production

treating burn and trauma patients, or those withmassively degenerative diseases in microgravity

1/6 g can be very helpful to those with serious injuriesrequiring extensive rehabilitation.




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Human Physiology and Psychologyin the spaceenvironment is certainly an important research area. No

single factor in manned space exploration is moreimportant than how humans will survive, physically andmentally, in this severe environment.Mirhas provided uswith large data sets, but more is needed before we sendmanned expeditions to Mars. The Moon provides us with a

testbed for better understanding and for the development ofcoping tools.

Energymining: solar, taking advantage of temperaturegradients.




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Plant Biology and Growth are critical technologiesthat will lead to the development of hybrid seed for Earthcrops as well as food production for the lunar facility. Manin space, the Moon and Mars needs to be self-sufficient.Plants will not only provide us sustenance, but also

become our air filtration backbone. Entertainment and Tourism resorts and amusement

parks along with hotels and restaurants can attract hugeamounts of capital. Tourism can draw enormous amountsof capital. Space and the Moon, and eventually Mars, will

certainly draw many people. The key will be todemonstrate reliable systems with very low risk.




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Facilities for Artists will be needed for those whowould like to experiment with new vistas andenvironments. Artists have always been a part of theexploration of new lands. This was true when the NewWorld was discovered and colonized. It can be true whenNew Worlds in the solar system are colonized.

Competitive Sportswill be redefined for the low andmicro-gravity environment. Sports, both active andpassive, will draw a huge amount of capital. It is clear thatlow g changes in profound ways the dynamic functioningof our bodies and their sports activity. Completely newsports will be developed, and known ones will bereinvented for the Moon, and later Mars.




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Educational and Researchfacilities for researchers

will need to be developed for the Moon. As settlementsevolve beyond the sustenance stage, we expect planetary

scientists, and medical doctors, as well as a variety of

researchers, to set up their labs on the Moon for their

research activities. These scientists will require aninfrastructure to support them and their work.




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Operations Managementfor the facilities that will bebuilt will create many new business opportunities. In a

manner like Shuttle's privatization of launch operations, itis expected that the management of the lunar base will bealso done by private specialists.

Support Servicesfor the various activities on theMoon will likely be privately run. Examples includemaintenance, food production, waste disposal, medicalservices, recycling and salvaging, security.




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Terrestrial Application Technology Space/Lunar/Mars Applications

Mineral Analysis, Yield

Estimation - Deep Mine Vein

Location and Tracking

Wall and Cell Integrity

Advanced Sensors Mineral Analysis, Yield

Estimation of Surface Mineral

Analysis, and Resource Location

Deepmine Robotic Operations:

Mining, Beneficiating, Removal

Advanced Robotic

Mining

Surfacemine Robotic Operations:

Mining, Beneficiating, RemovalImproved Automated

Processing: Increased

Efficiency

Automated Processing

Technology

Remote, Low-Maintenance

Processing

Reliable, Low-Pollution

Personal Transmission

Regenerable Energy Economy

Small, Decentralized Power

Systems for Remote or Third

World Applications

Alternative, Regenerable

Energy Economies -

Methane/O2, H2/O2

ISRU-Based Engines

Regenerable Energies

High-Density Energy Storage

Environmentally Safe Energy

Production

Space-Based Energy

Generation/Transmission

Surface Power Generation and

Beaming

Dual-Use Technologies: In-Situ Resource Utilization


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Dual-Use Technologies: Surface Mobility - Suits



Hazardous Materials Cleanup Fire Fighting Protection

Underwater Equipment

Homes & Aircraft

Lightweight, SuperinsulatedMaterials

Surface Suits: Thermal Protection Surface Facilities: Thermal

Protection

Robotic Assisted Systems

Orthopedic Devices for Mobility

of Impaired Persons

Human Power Enhancement

Robotics

Mobility Enhancement

Devices and Manipulators

Robotic Assisted Suit Systems

Human Power Enhancement

Hazardous Materials Cleanup

Fire Fighting Protection


Dust Protection, Seals,

Abrasive Resistant

Materials

Surface Suits: Outer Garment

Hazardous Materials Cleanup

Underwater Breathing Gear

Lightweight Hi-Reliability

Life Support

Portable Life Support for Surface

Suits

Backup Life Support Systems

Remote Health Monitoring Portable Biomedical

Sensors and Health

Evaluation Systems

Surface EVA Crew Member Health

Monitoring

Hypo-Hyper Thermal Treatments

Fire Fighting Protection /


Arctic/Antarctic Undergarments

Small, Efficient, Portable,

Cooling and Heating

Systems

Surface Suits/Rovers: Thermal

Control Systems


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Dual-Use Technologies: Surface Mobility - Vehicles



All-Terrain Vehicles for Research(Volcanoes), Oil Exploration

Automobiles

Mobility Surface Transportation for Humans,Science Equipment, Maintenance

and Inspection

Reactor Servicing / Hazardous

Applications

Military

Robotics and Vision

Systems

Teleoperated Robotic Systems

Earth Observation, Weather,

Research

Super-Pressure Balloons

(110,000 ft - Earth

Equivalent)

Mars Global Explorations

Efficient, Long-Term Operations

with Low-Maintenance

Machines in Arctic/Antarctic

Environments

Tribology Surface Vehicles: Drive

Mechanisms, Robotic Arms,

Mechanisms

Helicopters, Autos

Variable SpeedTransmissions

Surface Vehicles

Automated, Efficient Construction

Equipment

Military

Multipurpose Construction

Vehicle Systems and

Mechanisms

Robotic Construction and Set-up

Equipment


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Dual-Use Technologies: Human Support



Stored Food: US Army, NSF PolarPrograms, Isolated Construction Sites

Long-Life Food Systems withHigh Nutrition and Efficient

Packaging

Efficient Logistics for Planetary Bases, LongSpace flights, Space Stations

Improved Health Care

Sports Medicine, Cardiovascular Safety

Osteoporosis - Immune Systems

Isolated Confined Environments / Polar

Operations

Noninvasive Health Assessments

Military

Physiological Understanding

of the Human Chronobiology

Understanding of Psychosocial

Issues

Instrumentation

Miniaturization

Countermeasures for Long-Duration and / or

Micro-g Space Missions

Health Management and Care

Systems / Structural Monitoring and Self-Repair

Health Care

Disaster Response / Military

Long-Term Blood Storage Health Care for Long-Duration Space Missions

Office Buildings (Sick Building

Syndrome)

Manufacturing Plants

Homes

Environmental Monitoring

and Management

Environmental Control for Spacecraft Cabins,

Planetary Habitats, Pressurized Rovers

Contamination Cleanup Waste Processing

Homes

Waste Processing Water Purification

Closed Water Cycles for Spacecraft Cabins,Planetary Habitats, Pressurized Rovers

Long-Life Clothes

Work Clothes in Hazardous

Environments

Military

Advanced Materials / Fabrics Reduced Logistics Through Long-Life, Easy-Care

Clothes

Fire-Proof / Low-Outgassing Clothes

Building Material for Inflatable Structures

Efficient Food Production Adv Understanding of Food

Production / Hydroponics

Reduced Logistics Through Local Food

Production for Spacecraft Cabins, Planetary

Habitats


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Dual-Use Technologies: Power



Batteries for: - Autos, - Remote

Operations for DOD, NSF Polar

Programs

High-Density Energy Storage

Alternate Energy Storage

(Flywheels)

Reduced Logistics for Planetary

Bases

High Reliability, Low-Maintenance

Power Systems

Spaceship Power Storage

Clean Energy From Space

Beamed Power Transmission

Orbital Power to Surface Base Surface Power Transmission to

Remote Assets

Remote Operations for: - DOD,

NSF Polar Programs

Small Nuclear Power

Systems

Surface Base Power

Pressurized Surface Rover

Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle

Remote Operations for: - DOD,NSF Polar Programs

High Efficiency Auto Engines

High Efficiency, HighReliability, Low-

Maintenance Heat-to-

Electric Conversion Engines

Energy Conversion for PlanetaryBases: - Low Servicing Hours, -

Little or No Logistics


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Terrestrial Application Technology Space/Lunar/MarsApplications

Communications

High-Definition TV

Broadcast

Business Video

Conferencing

Ka Band or Higher Telepresence: Vision and

Video Data

Interferometers: Raw Data

Transmission

Entertainment Industry

Commercial Aviation

Power plant Operations

Manufacturing Operations

Machine-Human

Interface

Control Stations

System Management

Communications

Archiving

Computer Operating

Systems

Data-Compression

Information Processing

Large-Scale Data

Management Systems

Interferometers: Raw Data

Transmission Information

Processing

System Management, Expert

Data

Archiving/Neural Nets

Dual-Use Technologies: Communications/Information Systems


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Dual-Use Technologies: Structures and Materials


Vehicles

Fuel-Efficient Aircraft

Modular Construction,

Homes

Composite Materials: -

Hard, - Soft

Advanced Alloys, High-

Temperature

Cryogenic Tanks

Habitat Enclosures

Pressurized Rover Enclosures

Space Transit Vehicle

Structures

Aircraft Fuel Tanks

Home Insulation

Superinsulation

Coatings

Cryogenic Tanks

Habitable Volumes

Large Structures, High-

Rise Buildings, Bridges

Commercial Aircraft: -Improved Safety, - Lower

Maintenance

Smart Structures

Imbedded Sensors /

Actuators

Space Transit Vehicle

Structures

Planetary Habitat Enclosures Surface Power Systems

Rover Suspensions


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Dual-Use Technologies: Science and Science Equipment



Energy Resource Exploration

Environmental Monitoring,

Policing

Spectroscopy: - Gamma

Ray, - Laser, - Other

Geo-Chem Mapping

Resource Yield Estimating

Planetary Mining Operation

Planning

Undersea Exploration

Hazardous EnvironmentAssessments and Remediation

Telescience Remote Planetary Exploration

Environmental Monitoring

Medicine

Image Processing: -

Compression Technique, -

Storage, - Transmission, -

Image Enhancements

Communication of Science Data

Correlation of Interferometer Data

Improved Health CareSports Medicine -

Cardiovascular

Osteoporosis - Immune Systems

Isolated Confined Environments

/ Polar Operations

Noninvasive Health Assessments

Physiological Understandingof Humans

Instrumentation

Miniaturization

Countermeasures for Long-Duration and / or Micro-g Space

Missions

Health Management and Care


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Dual-Use Technologies: Operations and Maintenance


Terrestrial Application Technology Space/Lunar/MarsApplications

Military

Systems and Structures

Health Monitoring

Inventory Management

Task Partitioning

Reliability & Quality

Assurance in Long-

Term, Hazardous

Environments

System Health

Management and

Failure Prevention

Through AI and

Expert Systems,

Neural Nets

Systems and Structures

Health Monitoring

Inventory Management

Self-Repairing

Technologies

Logistics Improvement

Multiple Customer Benaroya

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