Multimistura is an alternative dietary supplement - high nutritional value - low cost

Multimistura is an alternative dietary supplement

- high nutritional value- low cost- destined mainly to undernourished children - formulated with several ingredients- use of alternative ingredients- preference for locally available products

Multimistura

• May be formulated using different raw

materials

• Flexibility to produce according to

• Regional availability

• Nutritional requirements of a given

population

Multimistura• Recent studies carried out at LRi/CENA/USP

• Composition assessment of different

• Formulations

• Constituents

Findings

• Large variations among nutrient

concentrations

• Possibility to produce different formulations

• Fulfill specific nutritional requirements

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Carbohydrates

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Wheat flour Parboiled rice bran Cassava leaves Multimistura Rice bran

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Lipids

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Proteins

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Multimistura nutritional value

Multimistura’s nutritional value is comparableto commercial supplements

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Farinha Láctea Mucilon Multimistura

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Total Fibers

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Proteins

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Multimistura compared to commercial supplementsnutritional composition

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Ca

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mg

/kg


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/kg


Multimistura compared to commercial supplementsdietary minerals

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Sel

eniu

m (

mg

/kg

)

wheat flour cassava leaves rice flour rice bran Brazilian nuts

Chemical elements in foodusually present a large range of variation

Multimistura and its ingredients should be carefully evaluated

Selenium taken as example

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210.0

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0.7 rice bran/flour wheat bran/flour cassava leaves multimistura

As

mg

kg

-1

14 W heat b ran15 P arbo iled rice bran

S am ple Description

1 W hole rice - Vo lkm ann2 P olished rice - Vo lkm ann3 R oasted rice bran

4 R ice bran - N utri-en tes5 Specia l m ultip le flour - N utri-entes6 M ultim istura A7 W hole rice bran - Vo lkm ann8 R oasted rice bran - Vo lkm ann9 P ow dered cassava leaves

10 R ice flour - N R 210011 R ice flour - N R 2170(1)12 Stab ilized parbo iled rice bran

13 W heat flour

16 Stab ilized rice bran

17 P arbo iled rice bran - U rbano18 S ieved parboiled rice bran19 R ice flour - N R 2170(2)

20 M ultim istura B21 M ultim istura C

Multimistura and its ingredients

First results of chemical elements evaluated byinstrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)






13 W heat flour




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210.0

0.1

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0.7 rice bran/flour wheat bran/flour cassava leaves multimistura

Co

mg

kg

-1Multimistura and its ingredients







13 W heat flour




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

50

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250 rice bran/flour wheat bran/flour cassava leaves multimistura

Fe

mg

kg



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

4000

8000

12000

16000

20000


K

mg

kg

-1






13 W heat flour






1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

1

2

3

4

5


Mo

mg

kg

-1






13 W heat flour











13 W heat flour




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

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Na

mg

kg



1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

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200

300


Rb

mg

kg

-1






13 W heat flour






1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 210

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Zn

mg

kg

-1






13 W heat flour






Multimistura

• High potential for supplying mineral

nutrients

• Extremely positive cost/benefit

Example• Recommended dose of a multimistura for 1-3

year old children = only 10 g/day

• Very low cost

Multimistura

•Example – mineral nutrients• This small daily portion can supply the DRI

requirements forDRI* (1-3 year old children) Multimistura Multimistura Element

µg/d µg/g Daily portion (10 g) %DRI*

Ca 500000 1200 12000 2.4 Cr 11 1.7 17 155 Cu 340 11 110 32 Fe 7000 215 2153 31 K 3000000 11400 114000 3.8

Mg 80000 4000 40000 50 Mn 1200 126 1259 105 Na 1000000 60 600 0.1 Zn 3000 90 900 30

*Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs): Recommended Intakes for Individuals, elements Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academies

• All chromium and manganese

• 50% of magnesium

• Near one third of copper, iron and

zinc

STUDY OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN MULTIMISTURA AND ITS INGREDIENTS

Why using neutron activation analysis?

Neutron activation analysis:

- is a multi-element capable technique- does not need sample dissolution- can be performed at a high metrological level

RELIABLE RESULTS!

Neutron activation analysis was recently approved by CCQM/BIPM as a primary method

The President said that although the CCQM had not discussed the list of ‘potentially primary methods’ during recent years, it was recognised that NAA had claims to a similar status to that of the five methods listed originally by the CCQM and that NAA will be added to that list.

CCQM Primary Methods

• Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry• Coulometry• Gravimetry• Titrimetry• Determination of Freezing Point Depression• Neutron Activation Analysis

Example of INAA performance compared to IDMS

CCQM-K49/P85 – Bovine Liver

Adapted from: R. R. Greenberg et al 2007 Preliminary Results

RV

+1 STD

-1 STD

CENA

Example of INAA performance compared to IDMS

CCQM-P29/K24 – Rice

Adapted from: Y. Aregbe et al 2003 Metrologia 40

KCRV

+U

-U

STUDY OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN MULTIMISTURA AND ITS INGREDIENTS

Why is CENA/USP qualified for such study?

Radioisotopes Laboratory – CENA/USPoperates according to

NBR ISO / IEC 17025

implementation started in1996

international recognition by IAEA in 2002

(IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency)

Quality System

CENA/USP hosts

The Brazilian Satellite Centre of Trace Element Institute

for UNESCO

Selected recent publications 1. Pessenda, L. C. R.; Gouveia, S. E. M.; Aravena, R.; Boulet, R.; Valencia, E.

P. E. Holocene fire and vegetation changes in southeastern Brazil as deduced from fossil charcoal and soil carbon isotopes. Quaternary International 2004, 114, 35-43.

2. Tavares, G. A.; Ferreira, J. R.; Magalhães, C. E. D.; da Silva, N. C.; Taddei, M. H. T. Mercury in the Moji-Guaçu river basin, S.P, Brazil: The link between marginal lagoons and river contribution assessed by Pb-210 dating profiles. Ambio 2003, 32, (1), 47-51.

3. Santos, D.; Barbosa, F.; de Souza, S. S.; Krug, F. J. Cryogenic sample grinding for copper, lead and manganese determination in human teeth by slurry sampling GFAAS. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2003, 18, (8), 939-945.

4. Scheel-Ybert, R.; Gouveia, S. E. M.; Pessenda, L. C. R.; Aravena, R.; Coutinho, L. M.; Boulet, R. Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution in the São Paulo State (Brazil), based on anthracology and soil delta C-13 analysis. Holocene 2003, 13, (1), 73-81.

5. Reis, B. F.; Rodenas-Torralba, E.; Sancenon-Buleo, J.; Morales-Rubio, A.; de la Guardia, M. Multicommutation cold vapour atomic fluorescence determination of Hg in water. Talanta 2003, 60, (4), 809-819.

6. Menegario, A. A.; Pellegrinotti, D. C.; Giné, M. F.; Nascimento, V. F. On-line preconcentration flow system for multi-elemental analysis by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 2003, 58, (3), 543-549.

7. Krusche, A. V.; de Camargo, P. B.; Cerri, C. E.; Ballester, M. V.; Lara, L. B. L. S.; Victoria, R. L.; Martinelli, L. A. Acid rain and nitrogen deposition in a sub-tropical watershed (Piracicaba): ecosystem consequences. Environmental Pollution 2003, 121, (3), 389-399.

8. Bacchi, M. A.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; França, E. J.; Bode, P. Quality assessment in a Brazilian laboratory performing k0-NAA. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2003, 257, (3), 653-657.

9. Guimarães, M. F.; Nascimento, V. F.; Ritchie, J. Application of cesium-137 in a study of soil erosion and deposition in Southeastern Brazil. Soil Science 2003, 168, (1), 45-53.

10. Fukuma, H. T.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; Quinelato, A. L. Natural radionuclide-free phosphoric acid production. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2003, 257, (1), 117-121.

11. Comitre, A. L. D.; Reis, B. F. Liquid-liquid extraction procedure exploiting multicommutation in flow system for the determination of molybdenum in plants. Analytica Chimica Acta 2003, 479, (2), 185-190.

12. Martinelli, L. A.; Moreira, M. Z.; Ometto, J. P. H. B.; Alcarde, A. R.; Rizzon, L. A.; Stange, E.; Ehleringer, J. R. Stable carbon isotopic composition of the wine and CO2 bubbles of sparkling wines: Detecting C-4 sugar additions. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51, (9), 2625-2631.

13. Bellato, A. C. S.; Menegario, A. A.; Giné, M. F. Boron isotope dilution in cellular fractions of coffee leaves evaluated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with direct injection nebulization (DIN-ICP-MS). Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 2003, 14, (2), 269-273.

14. Araújo, A. S. F.; Monteiro, R. T. R.; Abarkeli, R. B. Effect of glyphosate on the microbial activity of two Brazilian soils. Chemosphere 2003, 52, (5), 799-804.

15. Rodrigues, J. L. M.; Silva-Stenico, M. E.; Gomes, J. E.; Lopes, J. R. S.; Tsai, S. M. Detection and diversity assessment of Xylella fastidiosa in field-collected plant and insect samples by using 16S rRNA and gyrB sequences. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2003, 69, (7), 4249-4255.

16. Macacini, J. F.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; Taddei, M. H. T. Translocation studies of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris): simulation of fallout. Environmental Pollution 2002, 120, (1), 151-155.

17. da Silva, A. C. R.; Ferro, J. A.; Reinach, F. C.; Farah, C. S.; Furlan, L. R.; Quaggio, R. B.; Monteiro-Vitorello, C. B.; Van Sluys, M. A.; Almeida, N. F.; Alves, L. M. C.; do Amaral, A. M.; Bertolini, M. C.; Camargo, L. E. A.; Camarotte, G.; Cannavan, F.; Cardozo, J.; Chambergo, F.; Clapina, L. P.; Cicarelli, R. M. B.; Coutinho, L. L.; Cursino-Santos, J. R.; El-Dorry, H.; Faria, J. B.; Ferreira, A. J. S.; Ferreira, R. C. C.; Ferro, M. I. T.; Formighieri, E. F.; Franco, M. C.; Greggio, C. C.; Gruber, A.; Katsuyama, A. M.; Kishi, L. T.; Leite, R. P.; Lemos, E. G. M.; Lemos, M. V. F.; Locali, E. C.; Machado, M. A.; Madeira, A. M. B. N.; Martinez-Rossi, N. M.; Martins, E. C.; Meidanis, J.; Menck, C. F. M.; Miyaki, C. Y.; Moon, D. H.; Moreira, L. M.; Novo, M. T. M.; Okura, V. K.; Oliveira, M. C.; Oliveira, V. R.; Pereira, H. A.; Rossi, A.; Sena, J. A. D.; Silva, C.; de Souza, R. F.; Spinola, L. A. F.; Takita, M. A.; Tamura, R. E.; Teixeira, E. C.; Tezza, R. I. D.; dos Santos, M. T.; Truffi, D.; Tsai, S. M.; White, F. F.; Setubal, J. C.; Kitajima, J. P. Comparison of the genomes of two Xanthomonas pathogens with differing host specificities. Nature 2002, 417, (6887), 459-463.

18. Zucchi, O. L. A. D.; Nascimento, V. F.; Neto, H. S. Application of X-ray fluorescence to determination of metals in commercial tablets containing digoxin. Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques 2002, 20, (1), 141-149.

19. Zhou, Y.; Zanao, R. A.; Barbosa, F.; Parsons, P. J.; Krug, F. J. Investigations of a W-Rh permanent modifier for the determination of Pb in blood by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 2002, 57, (8), 1291-1300.

20. Fernandes, E. A. N.; Tagliaferro, F. S.; Azevedo, A.; Bode, P. Organic coffee discrimination with INAA and data mining/KDD techniques: new perspectives for coffee trade. Accreditation and Quality Assurance 2002, 7, (10), 378-387.

21. Brooks, J. R.; Buchmann, N.; Phillips, S.; Ehleringer, B.; Evans, R. D.; Lott, M.; Martinelli, L. A.; Pockman, W. T.; Sandquist, D.; Sparks, J. P.; Sperry, L.; Williams, D.; Ehleringer, J. R. Heavy and light beer: A carbon isotope approach to detect C-4 carbon in beers of different origins, styles, and prices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50, (22), 6413-6418.

22. Barbosa, F.; de Souza, S. S.; Krug, F. J. In situ trapping of selenium hydride in rhodium-coated tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2002, 17, (4), 382-388.

23. França, E. J.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; Bacchi, M. A.; Tagliaferro, F. S. Pathway of rare-earth elements in a Brazilian forestry fragment. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2002, 344, (1-2), 21-26.

24. Zagatto, E. A. G.; Van Staden, J. F.; Maniasso, N.; Stefan, R. I.; Marshall, G. D. Information essential for characterizing a flow-based analytical system - (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry 2002, 74, (4), 585-592.

25. Taddei, M. H. T.; Silva, N. C.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; Cipriani, M. Determination of alpha-emitting isotopes of uranium and thorium in vegetables and excreta. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2001, 248, (2), 483-486.

26. Aragão, P. H. A.; Cesareo, R.; Fernandes, E. A. D.; Balogun, F.; Prota, U.; Fiori, M. Iron in olive tree leaves in the Mediterranean area. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2001, 249, (2), 509-512.

27. Regitano, J. B.; Tornisielo, V. L.; Lavorenti, A.; Pacovsky, R. S. Transformation pathways of C-14-chlorothalonil in tropical soils. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2001, 40, (3), 295-302.

28. Packer, A. P.; Giné, M. F. Analysis of undigested honey samples by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with direct injection nebulization (ID-ICP-MS). Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 2001, 56, (1), 69-75.

29. Silva, N. C.; Fernandes, E. A. N.; Cipriani, M.; Taddei, M. H. T. The natural radioactivity of Brazilian phosphogypsum. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2001, 249, (1), 251-255.

29Cu

25Mn

3Li

79Au

47Ag

39Y

14Si

24Co

76Os

80Hg

34Se

11Na

30Zn

63Eu

82Pb

92U

28Ni

47Ag

58Ce

68Er

29Cu

25Mn

3Li

79Au

47Ag

39Y

14Si

24Co

76Os

80Hg

34Se

11Na

30Zn

63Eu

82Pb

92U

28Ni

47Ag

58Ce

68Er

THE BRAZILIAN SATELLITE CENTRE OF

TRACE ELEMENT INSTITUTE FOR UNESCO

CENA/USP PIRACICABA, SP, BRAZIL

Bureau International des Poids et Mésures (BIPM)

Sèvres, Paris, France

Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM)

Demonstration of analytical competence:

Metrology in Chemistry – participation in CCQM

Participation in CCQM – Inorganic Analysis Working Group

Study Material Elements Organizer

P11 shellfish As NIST - USA P29 rice Cd, Zn IRMM - EU K31 shellfish As NIST - USA P39 tuna fish As, Hg, Se IRMM - EU P56 steel Cr, Mo NMIJ - Japan

P34.1 aluminium alloy Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn BAM - Germany P64 soybean Ca, Fe, Zn NRC/CRM - China

P39.1 salmon As, Hg, Se IRMM - EU P65 clay Ca, Fe, K CENAM - Mexico P70 sewage sludge Cd, Cr, Hg, Zn IRMM - EU P66 fertilizer As, Co, Hg NIST - USA P85 bovine liver Fe, Se, Zn NIST - USA

P65.1 clay Ca, Fe CENAM - Mexico K43.1 marine fish As, Hg, Se NMIJ - Japan

- 14 participations- 12 elements- 12 materials

Metrology in Chemistry

SEVERAL PARTICIPATIONSIN THE CCQM

INVOLVING FOOD SAMPLES

SOME EXAMPLES

Metrology in Chemistry

CCQM-P39.1 and CCQM-K43 – Salmon


KCRV+U

-U

CCQM-P29/K24 – Rice


KCRV

+U

-U

CCQM-K49/P85 – Bovine Liver

Adapted from: R. R. Greenberg et al 2007 Preliminary Results

RV

+1 STD

-1 STD

CENA

CCQM-P39 – Tuna Fish


ReferenceValue

CI 95%

CCQM-P64 – Nonfat Soybean Powder

Adapted from: Ma Liandi et al 2006 Report – Draft A

RV

+2 STD

-2 STD CENA

Welcome to the Radioisotopes LaboratoryWelcome to the Radioisotopes Laboratory……

Waterpaint by Prof. Klaus Reichardt (Nikolaus), 1996

Stained-glass door of the gamma spectrometry room

Multimistura is an alternative dietary supplement - high nutritional value - low cost

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