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57

MUKHTASAR TAWARIKH AL.WUSTA

A facsimile edition of manuscript Cod. Or. L999in the Library of Leiden University

A short chronicle of the Riau region

' - rI A

MANUSCRIPTA INDONESICA

VOLUME 2

MUKHTASAR TAWARiKH AL.WUSTA

A short chronicle of the Riau region

Series editors

Roger TolChief Librarian

Royal lnstitute of Linguiitics and Antfuopology, Leiden

Jan Just Witkamln t erp r es Le gati W arneriani

The Library of Leiden Universit,,

Wim StokhofPr ofessor of Austr onesian Linguistics

Leiden University

Published bvIndonesian Linguistics Development project (ILDEP)

L egatum warnerian#i;"ffi"itT#l " L eiden universi tyLEIDEN 1993

!4anuscripta lndonesica makes aaailable important manuscripts from the Indonesiancultural heritage' ortginal manuscripts are reproduced rnithout any editorial change, thusmaintaining aII their characteristics of form, tpitlirg and other prrriioritirr. iactt publicationis preceded by a descrtptiae introduction wniih proaides data on the history of themanuscrtpt, codicolo gical information, and bibliographical references.Manuscripta Indonesica prooides students of pthitology wiitt ine basic'toolls for research.

MANUSCRIPTA INDONESICA

VOLUME 2

MUKHTASAR TAWARIKH AL-WUSTA

A short chronicle of the Riau region

A facsimile edition of manuscipt Cod. Or. L999in the Library of Leiden University

With an introduction by

Roger ToI €t jan ]ust Witkam

Published by

Indonesian Linguistics Development Project (ILDEP)in co-operation with

Legatum Warnerianum in the Library of Leiden UniversityLEIDEN 1993

CIP-CEGEVENS KONINKLIIKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG

Mukhtasar

Mukhtasar Tawarikh Al-wustd ; A short chronicle of the Riauregion / with an introd. by Roger Tol & Jan Just Witkam.- Leiden : Indonesian Linguistics Development project (ILDEp) ;Leiden : Legatum warnerianum in the Linrary of Leiden university.- liiiiiiiiiiiiiii�l. - (Manuscripta Indonesica, ISSN 0929-64 g4 ; v ol. 2)Uitg. in samenwerking met: The Library of Leiden University. _A facs. ed. of manuscript Cod. Or. 1999in The Library ofLeiden University.rsBN 90-73006-03-1Trefw. : Indonesische letterkunde

O Copyright 1993, of the reproductions, byLegatum Wamerianum in the Library of Leiden Universitu.P.O. Box 9501, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.O Copyrightlggg, of the introduction, bv R.G. Tol &J.J. Witkam, Leiden, The Netherlands.

,4ll ights reseraed. No part of this publication may be rEroduced,st.ored in a retri,eaal system or transmitted in any lorm or by any means,el.ectronic, ntechanical, photocopying, recording-or othmriie, withoutt'ne Ttrior u,ritten permission of the owner(il oftne copyight.

PRI\TED IN THE NEIHERLANDS

INTRODUCTION

In thc lgth century probably the most influential centre of Malay literary activity was found on the tiny

r:land of penyengat off ranjung pinang in the Riau Archipelago. This activity was mainly in the hands

ot an extended family of Bugis origin among whom Raja Ahmad and, in particular, his son Raja Ali

I lai i were the most prol i f ic writers. The texts they composed dealt mostly with historical matters

c.ncerning the Riau and Johor area, the relationship between the Bugis and the Malays in that region,

;ind. in a wider scope, with Islamic matters. The texts they produced were widely read, copied by hand'

;rnd in a number of cases also printed on a local printing press. Extensive information on these aspects

rrar,be found in the works of Matheson(1971,1985, 1989), Andaya (1975), Watson Andaya & Matheson

r1979) and Matheson & Watson Andaya (i982)'

l-he historical works from Riau, Johor and Lingga are many in number. They may be characterized as a

complex of closely interrelated texts, each consisting of alternating combinations of more or less the

\i.rre fragments. These texts are known under various titles such as Silsilah Melayu dan Bugis dan

.\ekulian Raja-rajanya, Tuhf at al-Nafis, Aturan Setia Bugis dengan Melayu, Seiarah Riau Lingga dan

Duerah Takluknya, Tawarrkh al-Wusta, Hikayat Negeri Johor, Hikayat Opu Daeng Menambun,

tt ikuyat Raia-raia Riau, Sejarah Raja-raia Riau, Silsitah Raia Bugis, Hikayat Negeri Riau, and

.\t jurah.lohor.

Right from the moment of their creation these works attracted the attention of Dutch scholars who

happened to be in the Riau region. They recognized the importance of these writings, which they used

rrn Severol occasions in their publications. Prominent among them was Elisa Netscher, who held the post

,,r Resident of Riau from 1861 to 1870. In his contributions of 1854, 1855 and 1870 on Riau affairs. he

r..icle extensive use of these indigenous texts, which at that time were almost exclusively available in

:r.rnuscript - or were even in the process of being written. Even earlier, in 1847, fragments of a te\t

.ic:ignated as Hikayat Aturan Setia orang Melayu dengan orang Bugis had already appeared in pnnt

\teursinge lg47:62--91, cf. Meursinge 1880:30-58). They probably pertained to the first printed versions

.': historical texts from the Riau region.

I:. rhe 20th century the importance of these texts was also fully acknowledged; the great number of tert

-..irrrons bear witness to the interest they aroused among scholars of Malay literature and history. Tert:

,: :he Tuhfat at-Nafis have been published five times (Winstedt 1932; Munir bin Ali 1965; Mathestrtr

.,rl: Matheson Hooker 1991; Tuhfat al-Nafis 1991), apart from a very carefully annotated translattotr

.::\) E,nglish (Matheson & watson Andaya lg82). Texts of the Silsilah Melayu dan Bugis were publi:hc'l

.: i911 (Silsilah), 1956 (Kitab silsilah), 1973 (Arena Wati) and 1984 (Mohd. Yusof Md. Nor), u'hilc 'rrr

,-:rt lged translarion of the 1911 edit ion was published by Hans overbeck as early as 7926. Isnr' ir l

i i . . . .cir 's 1962 edit ion of the Hikayat Negeri Johor was f inal ly made available rn 1979, while a Hiko\11:. -., Dtteng Menambun was published in 1980 (Rogayah A. Hamid).

. -r re\t presented in thrs volume also belongs to this complex of texts in which the relations bet*een

. . : \ la la1,s .nd the Bugis are h igh l ighted. From the beginning of the 1Sth century the Bugis had p lated

. r r ) , rporranr rp le in po l i t ica l a f ta i rs of the region. From 1722 onwards they held the po: i t i t tn o l

: . , , l ) tper tLt (y t ) ludt t r r ice-rc ' r ) ' : a iso ca l ied Raia Mudu or Yamtuun MLtdd ' and $ 'ere in c t leet thc

MANUSCRIPTA INDONESICA. VOL. 2

pr i n ci pal decision-makers (And ay a I97 5:250-323).

In the f irst l ine of the text i t is already stated that we are dealing with an important, authoritat ivedocument: 'This is rel ied on nowadays by the rul ing el i te. ' The signif icance of the manuscript isemphasized by the fact that it carries the seal of vice-Roy Raja Ali (ruled lg45-1g57), which is stampedItt the end of the text (see below). ttre text presents itself as an abrid ged (lang dimukhtasarkan) versioncrf a Malay history known as Tawartkhl al-Wusta, 'The Middle Chronicle'. As far as we know, no textwith this t i t le has yet been found in any public col lection. On p.9 of Or.1999 it is stated that thisTawar lkh a l -Wusta ' is present ly in the hands of the v ice-roy of Riau ' .2 As Roolv ink (19g0:22g)remarked in his discussion of a text very similar to Or.1999,3 the existence of a 'Middle Chronicle'assumes the existence of two other chronicles as well. Indeed, both in Or.l999 (on p.15) and in 0r.6345(on p.133) there is a reference to a Tawartkh al-Kubra, 'The Larger Chronicle', whereas in 0r.6345 onp.161 a Tawarlkh al-$ughra, 'The Smaller Chronicle' is also mentioned. We also only have internalevidence of the existence of these two texts; so far no manuscript containing a text with this title hasbeen traced.a

Earlier interest in the Mukhtasar Taw[rikh al-Wusta

Although there has been no mention of this specific title in earlier studies, in the last hundred years thiswork has been used on a few occasions. The first to pay attention to it was A.F. von de Wall, whopublished a version of this work in 1892. Furnishing it with a very short introduction, he published it intranscription and with Dutch translation under the heading 'Condensed

history of the dynasty and stateinstitutions of Lingga and Riau' (wall 1892:298-324). There is no specificarion of the manuscript he used:he only mentions that it is undated (Wall 1892:303). Neither in Jakarta,5 nor in Leiden have we beenable to trace a manuscripr that could have been used by him (Juynboll 1g99; Van Ronkel 1909, lg2l).Notwithstanding, some findings indicate that for some reason or other Von de Wall has rigorously editedhis text.6 Firstly, there is no indication whatsoever of a division into fasal, as there are in the otherknown versions of the work. Secondly, both the beginning (the introduction before the first fasal). andthe end of fasal two' as well as also the end (the whole of fasal five) have been omitted. Thirdly. theorder of fasal two and three has been reversed. The order of the fourth fasal has also been changed.Fourthly, all references to the Tawarlkh al-Wusta and the Tawarrkh al-Kubra have been left out.7

l . Thus correcrly spelled on p.5. on pp. I and 9 spelled as tawartkhgrrru.2"['awartkh al-Wusta yang ada mawiud pada masa ini di datam tangan yang Dipertuan Muda Riau.3' Part of manuscript 0r.6345 kept in the Library of Leiden University. The rexr is found on pp.125-131.'+' I1 is quite probable that the'de groote Maleischc kronijk'mentioned by Nerscher Oan:+z; on p.54 followed bythc words '(Sedjarah

Malaijoe)') refers to the Tawartkh al-Kubra; see also Kratz 1913:6.5' The National Library houses the collection of Malay manuscripls collected by his father H.T.F.K.E.w.A.c. vondc wall (1807-1873) who remained in Riau from 1855 unti l his death. Most of the manuscripts collected by hirn arelrom the Riau region (cf. Van Ronkel 1909).6 Thcse things cannot be proved; of course, it is also possibte that the manuscript used by von dc wall drd r..nrarnthc idiosyncrasies described below.; Probably these changes were made as a serv ice to the reader, omi t t ing the superf luous and r r -arr rngl 'g rh. .parauraphs in a ' rat ional 'way. Subst i tu t ion of uncommon words by more f requent ones a lso point , 1 , , J r . .1 \1. . r , \

INTRODUCTION

In his note on 0r.6345, which was referred to above,s R. Roolvink drew attention to the fact that part ot

rhis r.nanuscript (pp.125-137) is taken from a work called,Tawartkh aFwusta. He also made a reference

rtr or. 19gg, since this part of 0r.6345 contains what he calls ' the same text ' as or.1999 (Roolvink

19ri0:127-22g). Indeed the texts are very similar. However, not a single citat ion from 0r.6345 provided

b1 Roolvink exactly matches the text of or.1999. Furthermore, the text does not contain a colophon. is

undated. and the end is clearly confused.e In addition we may add that to judge from the ph.vsical

teilrures of the manuscript and the dates mentioned, it is likely that the main body of 0r.6345 (pp'1-186t

rias copied and/or written between 1864 and 1890. The subsequent texts were later additions. So. the

tcrt of the Mukhta$ar Tawartkh al-wuga as contained in 0r.6345 is at least 10 years younger than

Or.1999.

Srnce Von de wall 's publication i t was to be almost one century before another version of thc

llt*hta$ar Tawartkh aL-Wusta appeared in print. This time the text was more or less'hidden'in a book

*hich contained a transcription of a large manuscript which deals with the history of Johor and Riau ('\'

Samad Ahmad 1985). This manuscript (Bil. Mss 48) was obtained in 1963 by the Dewan Bahasa dan

pustaka in Kuala Lumpur and has the title Thamaratul Matlub Fi Anuari Qulub. The text, which t:

,irnilar to the one edited here, is found on pp.182-212 of the manuscript, and on pp.26-38 of the bc-rok

rrncler the heading Hubungan rala-raja Melayu-Bugis. The text is very close to Or.1999, but shotr '

quire a number of variant readings.lo In contrast to the manuscript used by Von de Wall and the te\t rn

0r.6345, this manuscript is dated. The colophon (on p.38) states that the text was copied in Riau. on thc

rsland of penyengat, on 1 Ramadan, 1280. This date corresponds to 9 February, 1864, which makes thr'

r crsion 10 years younger than the text of Or.1999.

t',ulier interest in Or.l999

\tter rhe manuscript was catalogued by Juynboll (1899:250-25I), it was more than 70 years before it

.,rrrs referred to for the first time. In her article on the structure and sources of the Tuhfat al-N'atis.

\ i r g in ia Ma theson iden t i f i ed Or .1999 as rep resen t i ng a tex t wh ich can be c lass i f i ed as an

.rrr;rcknowledged' source for the Tuhfat al-Natis (Matheson l97l:384,392). The historical stud,v on thc

\ : rsdom of Johor by Leonard Andaya (1975) conta ins a few references to the romanized par t o l

rtr 1999. Andaya describes it as a manuscript 'on adat of Malay rulers', and has uti l ized it nt 'r t . t : . ,

- ; \ ror ica l source, but as a source on speci f ic customs in the area (Andaya 1975:102'19-5. l l0 t . \ '

: : rcnr ioned above, Roolv ink referred to Or.1999 as conta in ing ' the same text 'as 0r .6345' pp.1:5-r i^

Rrrolvink lgg0:227-229). Finally, Matheson & watson Andaya referred to or.1999 in relation l(r -:

: , , r rards s impl i f icat ion, c .g.where the other texts have mawiud'aval lable ' and bai 'a 'agreement ' , Von dc ' \ * 'a l l s t ' - r t

:, ' . ids rzda 'to be' and moewaf akat'agreement' respectivcly.

. c)r.61,15 is a manuscripr of 213 pagcs in the Library of Leiden University dealing with the history of Riau.

. p 1. i7 . last l ines: 1. . ) t iada sesekal i mengetahui akan asal -usulnya ser ta pula ia t iada sesekal i men-qetdhui ukt t t i

. ' . , , r r d i dalgnt peneoi ion dar ipada perkara adar- is t iadat undang ra ia Melayu adanya. Intaha tva t t i L I i l i r

: . - : , t t+ f tq . 7 'amrr t t t t a l -kaLant .1nt tn.

. E : : . i n t ' asa l t $ r r t h r . l t r u r t h l t r .m i \ t t n t i t t c -d . Fu r thc rmorc . on p .36 the rc i s a sec t i on cons i s t i ng o l sc r t -n t t cn l t

- r11. . .1 . \ (un( t -oni l t t . . t i t ' i r t r . tn D. t : , . - 'J , t t , t Puiuu ' l l l t rh . *htch does nt l t . t lccur in Or.1999.

MANUSCRIPTA INDONESICA. YOL. 2

\linangkabau setting and provided a short description of its contents (19g2:3 50.423).

Other manuscripts ol the Mukhtasar Tawarikh al-Wusta

Earl ier we have said, as far as we know texts of the Mukhtasar Tawartkh al-wusta are containedwithin two other manuscripts as part of a larger work. These manuscripts are 0r.6345 in the Library ofLeiden University and Bil. Mss 48 in the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka in Kuala Lumpur (Roolvink 19g0:Beardow 19u6:120-121; A. Samad Ahmad 1985) . Apar t f rom or .1999 no orher manuscr ip ts whichexclusively only contain a version of the Mukhta$ar Tawartkh al-Wusta are known.

Contents of Or.1999

The text of the headings is taken from the 'table of contents' on the first page.

p'1: Fasal yang pertama pada menyatakan asal Yang Dipertuan Besar dan yang Dipertuan Muda denganBendahara dan Temenggung.

p.9: Fasal yang kedua pada menyatakan adat-ist iadat raiasetengah adat raja2 yang di atas angin adanya.

p.15: Fasal yang ketiga pada menyatakan segala tokong pulo2dimiliki oleh raja itu dan masa mana dan bagaimana maka

p.21: Fasal yang keempat pada menyatakan bahasa raja2 yangjawatan adanya.

p.23: Fasal yang kelima pada menyatakan makna wakil yang tersebutdengan Olanda.

di dalam konterak perjanjian

Physical description ol the manuscript

Manuscript or' 1999 is written on factory produced paper. It now has a slightly brownish tinge and isnot altogether opaque' The paper may be of English origin. There is no watermark. It measures 34 x 23cm' It contains 28 pages. A vert ical fold is visible in the leaves. This fold could be explained byassuming that the paper originated from a chancery or office where it would have been used for notarialdocuments or official letters, which were often folded vertically. The presence of the royal seal at theend of the text (p' 24) is another argument for a chancery as provenance of the manuscript. A sl ightlyd i f ferent explanat ion of the ver t ica l fo ld could be that the manuscr ip t had remained unbound inIndonesia' and that is was only vertically folded as a letter (or as an enclosure in a letter) when it wasciespatched to Holland.

1-hr- composition of the quires is as follows: first there is a quire of 4 sheets (end is p. rl,since the firstt\\o pages are unnumbered); then follow 4leaves which have been pasted to the first quire (end is p.llt: and then follows a quire of one sheet (end is p. t261). Altogether there are 13 openings with Arabic.urt i Lutin script on opposite pages.

Melayu dan ist i lahnya yang menyalahi

siapa yang punya milik, dengan jalan apamenjadi milik kepada raja itu.diperbahasakan dan nobat dan semberab

vii i

INTRODUCTION

'l-hc r 'anuscript was apparently made in two stages. First the text was written in Arabic script, on each

r.rcht (= verso) page. The left (= recto) pages remained blank for the Latin transliteration' The text in

\rrrbic script is written on an area of 24.5 x 12.5 cm.It is written in black ink, with the occasional use

rrt recl ink for rubrication, most notably for the section (fasal) headings. It is written rn 2l lines per page.

b.rh on blind ruling and on pencilled lines. The left margins in the Latin part are indicated by blind

LL r l i ng .

- l-hc text on the left pages is

\rabic text almost preciselY

r n k .

Bt ' rh Arabic and Lat in texts

crpcr t ly wr i t ten. A paginat ion

a Latin transliteration of the Arabic text. The romanized text follows the

per page. The Latin text is written on an area of 25 x 20 cm in dark brown

have a system of catchwords at the bottom of the page. Both scripts are

has been supplied by the copyist of the Latin part.

f hc coiophon (p. 24) mentions the date and place of completion: Disalin (in big letter, vertically written

rn rhe centre) termaktub di dalam negeri Riau pulau Penyengat kepada 19 hari bulan Sya'ban yaunl

,tl-ttrba'a iam 9 sanat 1270.The date corresponds to Wednesday, 17 May, 1854.

On p. [-1] and p.8 are corrections in the Arabic text that have been transcribed in the Latin part in

rheir corrected form only. On p. L-1J, l ines 15 and 18, the two years, l l29 and 1133 were originall l '

r ir ir ten as 1229 and 1233. Then a correction was executed by erasure so that the Arabic number l

l'reclme a 1. No such correction has been executed in the Latin part. On p. 18, line 11, a corrective line

r . r s been d rawn th rough the word seka rang . I n the t rans l i t e ra t i on (p . 19 . l i ne 15 ) t he word

'r' kdrttng never occurs.

' l-hese two instances lead one to assume that at least some interval for correction and collat ion had

:i.rpsed between the completion of the Arabic text and the beginning of the transli teration in Latin

..npt. How long this interval was cannot be ascertained. The organization of the manuscript, with i ts

\r.rbic text on the right hand pages only, stipulates the intention of making of a Latin transliteration on

::rc opposite page from the very beginning of the work.

I i :c binding is evidently of European manufacture, possibly only made after the volume had arrived rrr

.: : . ien. The carton boards are pasted with paper, the back is strengthened with cloth. The binding has tt, ,

..'c;ral characteristics whatsoever.

: ' . , t(t t t lnce of the manuscrlpt

i-.rrrding to p. 43 of the acquisit ions register of the Oriental col lections (lournaal) in the l ibrarr t , l

^.: : , len University' . rhe manuscript is part of a col lection (MSS Or. 1953-2055) of 'Javanese. Malar anti

: :r i f r.nAnuscripts *hich. almost without exception, had been transferred, in or around 1ti71 tronl thc

3. . x : - lnsre l l ing to t Ople id ing van Ind ische Ambtenaren" in Le iden to the i ibrar ,v of Le iden L-n i rer ' i t r

! ' : : r ious l ) ' the l had becn in the possession of Mr. A.D. Cornets de Groot . ' Th is inst i tu t ion. thc o i t ic r . t l' , : : : c o f nh i ch uas 'R i j ks in : te l l i ng van Onder r i ' i j s i n I nd i sche Taa i - . Land- en Vo lkenkunc le ' (S t . r t c

t ' , . i e c e o f E d u c a r i o n l n I E . t s t l I n d i a n L i n g u i s t r c s . G e o g r a p h l ' a n d A n t h r o p o i o g v t . \ \ . r \ t h c

MANUSCRIPTA INDONESICA, VOL. 2

SC)\ernment- f inanced col lege for the vocat ional t ra in ing of c iv i l servants for the Dutch- Ind iesgovernment. I t existed between 1864 and 1877, in which year i t was taken over by the municipali ty of[ -e iden and cont inued to funct ion t i l l 1891 (Fasseur 1989: 191-2; 1993: 2 l I and fo l lowing) . Thepresumptive previous owner of the manuscript, the short- l ived Adriaan David Cornets de Groot11804-1829), had been one of the pioneers of Javanese and Malay studies in the Netherlands (Fasseur1993:5ti). However, i t is a chronological impossibi l i ty that manuscript Leiden Or. 1999 ever belonged toCornets de Groot as it was copied in as late as 1854. How the 'Rijksinstelling'

had come to be in thepossession of these manuscripts and why they were transferred to the library of Leiden University in oraround itj71 is not known. Juynboll (1899:vi) surmises yet another previous owner, the Utrecht professorH.C' Millies (1810-1868), from the auction of whose books the Leiden library did indeed buy at leastone (Arabic) manuscript (or. 1959). It seems impossible now to precisely identify the provenance ofn.ranuscript Or. 1999. Nor does the manuscript itself contain any specific information in this respect.Apart from the stamp of Raja Ali (see below), no signs of former ownership are found. The only stampspresent (on pp. l-21, [26] and on the back cover) in the manuscript are those of the library of LeidenUniversity, with the texr ACAD. LUGD. BAT. BIBL

The conjecture that there was a Dutch connection in the commisioning or production of the manuscriptis clear from the fact that the text is presented in both Arabic script and a Latin transliteration. Themanuscript may have been produced in this way for educational purposes. It is not very probable thatthe manuscr ip t bears any re la t ion to the two obvious sources of Riau manuscr ip ts , those of theabove-mentioned H.T.F.K.E.W.A.C. von de Wall and of his fellow lexicographer (and Bible translator)H.C. Klinkerr.0829-1913), who spent the years lg64-67 in Riau (Swellengrebel 1974:1g2_191). Thereason is that Or-1999 does not belong to their collection of manuscripts, kept in Jakarta and Leidenrespectively." A link with a Dutch governmental administrator (bestuursambtenaar) is a bener suess:Elisa Netscher himself would then be a strons candidate.

The stamp ol Raja Ali

The stamp at the end of the text on p.24 is in red ink and is flower-shaped. In the outer ring of thestamp the text in Roman letters is fairly legible: RADJA ALIE oNDER-K7NING van RIO|JW. Thernner part of the stamp has a text in Arabic letters and is on some places hardly visible. yet the text canbe ascertained as follows: / al-wathiq I bi rabb I al-'ari raia muda / ibn al-marhum yang clipertuan Imuda raia ia'afar / sanat 1261 /.In translation:'Radia Atie yice-Roy of Riau. He who trusts in theLord of the Throne [i.e. God], the Vice-Roy, son of the late Vice-Roy Raja la'afar,the year T26I,.

The year 1261 (A.D. 1t145) refers to the year in which Raja Ali was inaugurated. The last lines of theHrkal,at Negeri Johor, as contained in manuscript KL24 (pp.1_a0) of the Library of Leiden Universitv.

l l . The K l i nke r t co l l ec t i onBih lc Society in Haar lem.

is deposited in the library of Leiden University as a permanent loan from the Dutch

INTRODUCTION

rr.rrcs that the seal of the vice-roy was given to him on 15 Rajab, i26l (20 July' 1845).12 In that case the

: r i r rp in or .1999 was put there at least 2 months af ter the copyis t had f in ished h is work. Yang

I)ipcrrrran Muda Raja AIi died on 25 or 28 June, 1857 (Matheson & Watson Andaya 1982:288-289,40-5)'

References

\. Samad Ahmad 1985. Kerajaan.lohor-Riau. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

\ndaya, Leonard y.I975.The kingdom of Johor 1641-1728. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press

\rena Wati (ed.) 1973. Silsitah Melayu dan Bugis. Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Antara

Beardow, Ted 1986.'sources used in the compilat ion of the Silsi lah Melayu dan Bugis'. Review of

Inrlonesian and Malaysian Affairs 20, pp.118-155

Frrsseur, C. l9ti9. 'Leiden and empire: University and Colonial Office 1825-1925', in: Willem Otterspeer

Gd), Leiden oriental connections 1850-1940, pp.l87-203. Leiden: E.J. Brill

Fasseur, C. 1993. De IndoLogen; ambtenaren voor de Oost, 1825-1950. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker

ls.ail Hussein 1979. 'Hikayat Negeri Johor: a nineteenth century Bugis history relating events in RiaLr

and Selangor'. In: M.B.R.A.S. reprint number six, pp.l83-240

. tL ry lbo l l , H .H . 1899 . Ca taLogus van de Ma le i se en Sundaneesche handsch r i l t en de r Le idsc l te

(' nit; e r sit eit s-bib Liot he e k. Leiden: E.J. Brill

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