4 HELENA. WEEKLY HERALD

m tnnm ntym rnUFISK BROS., - - Publishers.R . B . F I S K , . - E d ito r .

T H U R S D A Y . M A Y 3 . 1 8 8 3 .

Cotton-seed oil is the best material known for making glycerine. One gallon of crude oil returns three and one-half pounds of glycerine.

H eavy stone walls are the thing for this country. They are warm in winter, cool in summer, fires cannot burn them, winds cannot blow them down.

The Dismal Swamp is fast losing its character. Its morasses are being con­verted into fertile fields, while canals and railroads penetrate it in every direc­tion. __________________

The United States Supreme Court has decided that claims of the United States against an insolvent National bank are entitled to priority payment out of its assets.

W O M A N A S A N I N V E N T O R .

Rear Admiral Baldwin, in command of the United States squadron in Euro­pean waters, has been designated as the victim to attend the coronation of the Czar as his country’s representative.

J udge David Davis proposes to turn Dudley Hall,^the principal house of amusement at Bloomington, 111., into a business place, and to build in the same town a theatre that shall surpass anything of the kind in Illinois.

Miss Belle Cushman Eaton, a grand­niece of the famous Charlotte Cushman, is said to be preparing to go upon the stage. ishe is 17 years old, lives in Bos­ton, and appeared as a public reader for the first time a few evenings ago.

The French Academy has just rewarded one-third of the Jouy prize of fifteen hun­dred francs to Jeanne Mairret for her novel “Marca.” Jeanne Mairret is Mme. Charles Bigot, daughter of Mr. Healey, the well-known American artist in Paris.

The cyclone that wiped out the towns of Wesson and Beauregard in Mississippi with such fatal effects, did not end its car­eer or ravages with that work of destruc­tion, but news is still coming in of other points visited in its eastern course with various forms of its destructive energy. There is something dreadful about these wind storms. Their area of destruction seems every year increasing, and their harvests of death and desolation are rap­idly assuming larger proportions. They begin earlier at the South, but their ma­tured energies are liable to be displayed in the prairie regions of Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois.

The gale at Franklin, Idaho, about 3 o’clock last Tuesday morning, must have been severe for that part of the country to have overturned a moving train. The Pullman and passenger coaches went over on their side. The depot and telegraph poles kept the rest of the train from going clear over. It speaks well for the strength of the telegraph poles. South of Cache valley the wind played smash with a freight train. We have flattered ourselves that hurricanes did not breed out so close to the main range, but our faith is getting shaken. It is best to “look a little out” wherever one may be.

There are symptoms of an interporciue war between Germany and the United States. There is a general chorus of as­saults upon Minister Sargent, charging him with the serious dereliction of urging the United States to retaliate. Well, even if this were true, which Sargent denies, it would be no more than the facts would justify. The German press and the gov­ernment have insulted, not only the en­tire people of the United States, but the intelligence of all nations, that, besides our on people, are large consumers of our pork. The same pork that Germany pre­tends to reject on “economic sanitary” grounds is consumed daily by millions in America aqd Europe, and by them pro­nounced the best produced in the world. Shall we alloiv such a foul slander against one of our chief articles of production and export to pass uncontradicted and un­resented ? Though it is something be­yond the reach of the administration, and perhaps beyond effectual redress by Con­gress, we w’ish there could be found some way to retaliate in full measure. There are millions of Germans in America who are living witnesses to the falsity of the slanders against our pork. The allusion to the English forcing of opium on the unwilling Chinese is not fortunate or per­tinent. To compare our pork 1o opium is an additional outrage.

In the May number of the North Amer­ican Review is an article with the above heading by Matilda Joslyn Gage, vindi­cating her sex from the false charge of having no inventive faculty. Much of the article is devoted to some very shadowy claims of very ancient date, too remote for investigation, and sustained only by frail tradition. It is not only possible, but probable, that the textile quality of silk and cotton may have been discovered by women. But we do not re­member before to have seen the claim urged that the real inventor of the cotton- gin was a woman. Here it is made distinctly and with such minuteness of detail as to inspire confidence. The widow of Gen­eral Green is the accredited discoverer. After the Revolution General Green set­tled in Georgia, where he soon after died. His widow w’as left with a cotton planta­tion. The difficulty of separating the seed from the cotton was the principal matter of concern and conversation. It w’as a day’s wrork for a negro to separate a pound of black seed from the lint. Plant­ers’ families engaged in this long, slow work as a regular evening’s employment. While thus often employed Mrs. Green is said to have conceived the idea of the cotton-gin, and entrusted its execution to Eli Whitney, who wras then boarding writh her. The first attempt w’ith wooden teeth failing, Whitney W'as ready to abandon the enterprise, but Mrs. Green’s faith grew stronger and more fertile, suggesting the substitution of wrire, and w’ithin ten days from the first conception of the idea the completed model, in working order, substantially as it nowT exists, was finished. No single invention has proved of greater value. Instead of one pound, 300 could be cleaned with the same amount of labor. The patent w’as taken out in Whitney’s name to save the lady from ridicule and loss of social position.

Among other notable inventions made by w’omen, mention is made of the mower and reaper by Mrs. Manning, who first suggested the combination of teeth and cutters, which was patented in her hus­band’s name in 1818. Other improve­ments on the mower and reaper are the invention of wromen. The simple, but invaluable, idea of the gimlet screw was the suggestion of a little girl.

Mrs. Mary E. Walton is the inventor of the most successful contrivance for dead­ening sound of elevated railroads, a sub­ject on which Edison worked for a long time. The same lady has taken out a patent for a smoke burner, said by British officials to be the greatest invention of the age.

The deep-sea telescope, so useful on many accounts, is the invention of Mrs. Mather, and was improved by her daugh­ter. Miss Maggie Knight invented the machine for the manufacture of satchel- bottom paper bags, and refused $50,000 for he invention soon after taking out her patent.

The proposition seems pretty well made out that there is no ground for the asser­tion that woman is deficient in inventive faculty, but in proportion to her oppor­tunity and effort she has shown herself the peer of man. And further, that her inventions have been of practical value to mankind as much as those of men. The growth of invention is indicated by the fact stated that in the reign of George III. the annual average of patents was only fourteen. Now they average 5,000 per annum in Great Baitain, and 18,000 in the United States.

E N G L A N D I N D I C T E D .

The National

CLOSING THE GAP.

REDUCING THE COUNTY BURDEN.

The coming week, after May 1st, will witness the extinction of the ten per cent, indebtedness of Lewis and Clarke county. The ten per cent, bonds will be exchanged for six per cents., and the ten per cent, outstanding warrants will be called in and paid off with the avails of the six per cent, bonds. Where we are now paying $9,000 per annum interest, we shall here­after pay only $5,400. This will soon bring even our seven per cent, warrants up to par and prove a great saving in the aggregate yearly to our people who ren­der services for the county and take war­rants for pay.

No subject is of more vital interest to the people of Montana than the comple­tion of the Northern Pacific railroad. For many long months our Helena merchants have been compelled to cross the main range of the Rocky Mountains for all their freight. They have been thus at a disad­vantage of those doing business either east or west, and everything to consumers in Helena has been proportionally higher. This state of affairs is fast disappearing. By to-night the end of the truck to the east of us is about sixty miles distant, and by the 15th proximo it is promised to be at Townsend, forty miles away. Without unexpected delays and an unusually early and considerable rise of the Missouri river, the bridge will be completed and the cars pass over the river before the June rise, and the track laying across the interval will be easy and rapid work.

At the latest advices the western end of the track was 57 milës west of Missoula. That makes the entire interval between the ends of the track at the present time 240 miles. The probability is that it wfill be a close scratch whether Missoula or Helena wfill see the locomotive first. That event will transpire about June 1st, per­haps a little later. The distance between Helena and Missoula is 124 miles by the route of the road, and with the road-bed complete and track-layers working from both ways, the end of July ought to see the work completed and through trains from Chicago and Portland passing and repassing in our sight. Few' of us, even the most enthusiastic, realize the effects of this railroad completion—our eternal union w’ith the great, busy, bustling world of throbbing life. We shall be as near New York City, the great commer­cial center of the continent, as those who lived in Buffalo a half century ago. There will be a readjustment of all the condi­tions of life, such as we can hardly realize as yet. _______________

Without the least thinking about their names, Miss Rich and Mr. Poore and Mr. Night and Miss Day sat down to tea to­gether at a house in Maryland.

Irish-American Land League convention has adopted resolu­tions, which appear in the dispatches to­day. Perhaps it would be better to await the full text before passing judgment upon the facts, spirit and purpose of the resolutions, but we propose only to ex­press first impressions of a genera) nature. So far as the declaration of the purpose of government extends, it is the expression of opinions universally held on this side of the water, but unfortunately as univer­sally denied in all past history and in most of the w’orld to-day. We fancy, if the Irish who have found a home in the United States had gone to any other coun­try in the w’orld to learn their principles of government and make their observa­tions on the conduct of the British gov ernment, such a declaration of principles would never have been put forth. Yet we are bound to say that we believe the principles sound and wise. It is the duty of government to preserve the lives, de­fend the liberties and protect the property of the governed. We presume English­men will say that is just what their gov­ernment has been trying to do, and also to maintain law’, order and peace, so far as that was possible in Ireland. The doctrine of allowing each portion of the people an equitable and efficient voice in the legis­lature is far from being the accepted doc­trine in America even, and nowhere else in the world. The female half of our people have no equitable and, efficient voice in the legislature, nor do the males under twenty-one years of age, and many smaller sections above that age are also disfranchised.

So it appears that this ’declaration of principles is rather advanced in this coun­try, and is addressed to no constituency elsewhere in the w’orld at present. It may meet the approval of future genera­tions, but in this day and generation it will fall on a deaf ear.

The arraignment of England to answer the sins and severities of several centuries contains very much truth, or half-truths at least. English historians have a com­panion picture of Irish barbarities to off­set every one charged against their own rulers and conquerors. It is all bad enough and true enough. It is neither better nor worse than the history and ex­perience of other nations and countries in ages past. France treated the Hguenots w’ith even greater cruelty, and so did Aus­tria and tSpain treat the Netherlander with equal cruelty, and Russia within the past few months has exhibited the same barbarous treatment of the Jews, w’hose only crime was their thrift and prosperity. What we mean to say is that the present age and generation should not charge the barbarities of past centuries upon the present rulers.

It cannot be said to-day that the Eng­lish government exists in Ireland only to destroy life ; that the blazing torch is al­lowed to be applied to asylums of terrified women, or that the deadly bomb is allow­ed to be discharged into helpless towns in time of peace. The people of Alexandria might with greater justice arraign Eng land for recent cruelties. The ravages of famine have been fearful in Ireland, but so have they been in North Africa, all over Asia, and in some parts of Europe It is not right or true to say that England has purposely employed famine to exter­minate the Irish people. We cannot really see that England has treated a con­siderable portion of her own people w’ith any more consideration than her Irish subjects. The United States has been peo­pled and wTas founded by those fleeing from English oppression and injustice. Our declaration of independence was meant just as much for the benefit of Irishmen as for Englishmen, Scotchmen, and Welchmen.

Why shouldn’t the Irish who have come to America and declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, set­tle down cantentedly with their lot, like those from Scotland and other parts of Great Britain ?

Except as a preliminary to a declaration of wTar, of what use or significance is this rehearsal of cruelties by past generation, of English conquerors and tyrants ? An Indian writer of to-day might arraign the United States truthfully for a series of ag­gressions continuous to the present time, before wrhich the wrongs and woes of Ire­land have been light.

“Let the dead past bury its dead.” We believe it better in every way for both people that this race prejudice between the Irish and English should be buried and forgotten. It stands in the way of any practicable arrangement. England can be brought to treat the Irish as justly as any portion of her own subjects, but we do not believe that England would ever consent to Irish independence, and all ef­fort to that end we believe is effort utterly and worse than wasted.

THE IRISH-AMERICANS.

Proceedings o f the National Land League Convention-Long Dis­

patch from Parnell-—Per­manent Organization.

Bitter Arraignment of English History and Administration.

The Irish National Convention.

Postmaster General Gresham has directed that in making postoffice appoint­ments in Mississippi the recommendations of Congressman Chalmers be given no greater weight than may properly be at­tached to them as the recommendations of a private citizen.— Washington Special.

What will the Democratic postmasters now’ holding office in many parts of Mon­tana do when Delegate Maginnis’ recom­mendations are considered by this standard ?

T he business in dressed meat has grown to enormous proportions in Chicago. More than 70,000,000 hogs and 2,000,000 head of beef cattle have been slaughtered there in a year. These are conveyed to the stock yards by eighteen different rail­roads.

Philadelyhia, April 25.—At noon the Irish convention was called to order by Alex. Sullivan, of Chicago, in an appropriate speech, and a temporary organization was effected by the appointment of Rev. Maurice J. Dorney, temporary president, and the usual committees were appointed. Mrs. Delia Parnell soon entered escorted by Alex­ander Sullivan who introduced her, amid tremendous applause, as a greater than the mother of the Gracci.

Philadelphia, April 25.—During recess Mrs. Parnell entered the hall and was es­corted to the stage by Mooney and Egan and was introduced to the delegates as the mother of the great Irish leader.

A dispatch purporting to be from the Pope caused amusement. I t threatened to excom­municate any Irish Catholic attacking Eng­land during this convention, on the ground of England’s liberality to all nations.

At 3:15 the convention resumed business. The names of to-day’s delegates as announced by the committee on credentials were loudly cheered, as also the names of John Devoy and Eedpath.

Secretary Hynes read his general state­ment of what the League had accomplished during the year, which was received with applause. In explanation to the question, why the lecture expenses of Davitt, Redman and Parnell were paid hy the League, it was stated by the secretary that those gentlemen had given all the receipts of their lectures to the League, and the Central Committee thought it only proper that their expenses should be paid. The report of the secretary shows that during the year eighty-three new branches w ere reported to the central office. There are now on the national roll 550 branches of whose existence the central office has official knowledge, and 289 not known officially. Of the 550 branches, New York has 138; Massachusetts, 140; Connecticut, 49 ; Pennsylvania, 44 ; Iowa, 23 ; New Jer­sey, 19; Ohio, 14; Missouri, Michigan and Rhode Island, 13 each ; Illinois 11, and New Hampshire 10. The total amount of money received hy the society from April 12, 1882, to April 25th, 1883, was $79,033; expenses for the year, $7,466, and the a: lount remit­ted to Ireland, $66,657 ; balance on hand, $4,915.| * 4 |

Father Walsh, general treasurer of the League, also explained w’hy the lecture ex­penses of Parnell, Davitt and Redman were paid. He did not care to answer questions from alleged Irishmen, who demanded how he dared to pay the funeral expenses of one w’ho should he dear to every Irishman.

Meany, of New York, demanded the name of “the Irsh scoundrel.” [Cries of “Boycott him,” and “No! no!” arose.]

Father Walsh then read his report. He also made a statement in regard to certain moneys sent to liuu for the widow Walsh, the Irish mother, one of whose sons has been hanged, and others sentenced to penal servi­tude for life. He said that every Irishman believed this hoy to be guiltless. What is more, while this noble mother knew' them to he innocent, even knew the guilty parties she was too patriotic to turn informer, as some ignoble villains were doing. He took counsel from Parnell about the mother and remitted for her benefit $376. Having read as a part of his report a rather sensational letter from the Irish Bishop Duggan of Clon- fort, who denounced England’s policy of turning arable Irish land into pasture land as “pagan” and “demented,” Father Walsh closed his report, whieh was referred to the Auditing Committee. The report shows balance on hand January 9th, 1883, of $12,- 714; received from branches from January 9th to April 9th, $864 ; balance on hand April 8th, $8,693; remitted to Ireland for Land League purposes to date, $39,101 ; for Irish relief fund, $23,652 ; balance on hand, $4,915.

Burie, of Ohio, moved that one delegate from each State constitute a committee to prepare a plan for merging with the National League the Irish League to meet in conven­tion.

O’Brien, of New York, eloquently seconded the motion, hut declaring that the time has come to adopt the Dublin national platform.

Scully, of New York, made an earnest pro­test against disbanding the Land League.

Dr. O’Reilly, of St. Louis, offered a substi tute, that the chair appoint a committee to consider the most feasible method of merg­ing the Land League.

Father Connolly, of Massachusetts, favored a committee of one from each State and Ter­ritory.

O’Reilly’s substitute was lost, and the mo­tion that each State and Territory send com­mittee men, was carried. A recess was then taken for that purpose, and after again con­vening the committee was announced as fol­lows:

Arizona, James Redpath; Connecticut, Jas. Reynolds; Georgia, Col. J. F. Armstrong; Illinois, Rev. Morris Dorney ; Indiana, John S. Allen ; Iowa, M. V. Gannan ; Kentucky, Matthew O’Donoherty ; Louisiana, T Marony ; Maryland, Col. E. T. Joyce ; Michigan, Rev. Dr. Charles O’Reilly; Minnesota, C. Mc­Arthur; Missouri, Dr. Thomas O’Reilly; Massachusetts, Rev. Father Connelly ; Maine, John A. Gallagher; New Hempshire, Wm. H. Gorman ; New Jersey, John D. Sander­son; New York, D. C. Feely ; Nebraska, John Fitzgerald ; Ohio, Major John Byrne ; Penn­sylvania, Rev. Thomas Barry ; Vermont Wm. M. Allan ; Rhode Island, Col. F. L. O’Reilly ; South Carolina, M. M. Kennedy ; Virginia, Patrick McGovern ; Wisconsin, Jas. B. Don­nelly ; District of Columbia, Arthur Rooney. All matters concerning the reorganization of the League and all resolutions were ordered to be referred to this committee. Recess until 9 o’clock.

Upon reassembling, President Mooney stated that the business must be Closed this evening.

Upon motion of Father McKenna (Mass.) the report of Col. Collins (Mass.) of the com­mittee appointed to wait on President Arthur at the last convention to inquire into the conduct of Minister Lowell was accepted. Col. Collins said : Pending diplomatic nego­tiations, Arthur said he could not give any answer, hut when the time came for action the President would be found on the right side. Father McKenna moved that Presi­dent Arthur be censured for lack of good faith and dishonest conduct. He thought that if President Arthur ever came up for réélection he should not have the vote of Irish-Americans, and this should be the sense of this convention. Rnled out of order.

Pending the report of the Conference Com­mittee, Thomas Brennan, Secretary of the Irish National League, addressed the con­vention. He said it was four years since the meeting was held in an Irish town andjin- augurated the land war in Ireland. He com­pared Ireland’s present independent spirit

with its then servitude and sycophancy, and these four 'years had certainly not been in vain. They had been protected against a repetition of those scenes of 1867 which dis­graced Ireland and appalled humanity. The creed of manhood had taken the place of the litany of the slaves of Ireland. The Land League of the United States had effect­ed this change. The time had come when the begging boy should cease to be passed aronnd; when the Irishmen continued to give up to the idle, useless and indolent class the fruits of their toil which they should keep for themselves. Let them bear the fruits of their own folly and crime. The power of the landlords over the minds of the people is now completely broken. The Land League lias saved $20,000,000 to the produ­cers of I reland. I t had wrung astounding concessions from the English Parliament, and had created a spirit which laughed at dun­geons and does not fear the gallows. Pre­vious to the Land League movements it was hard to stir the farmers of Ireland. There is now no need of discussion in Ireland—all are agreed on Irish landlordism.

Father Connolly, chairman of the confer­ence committee, presented a report with reso­lutions. He said the committee decided not to report a plan for merging or method to disorganize the Land League, but would leave it to the convention to agree on such a plan. The report was adopted.

Patrick Eagan then addressed the conven­tion. He rehearsed the history of the origin and development of the movement in Ire­land at some length, giving statistics regard­ing the disposal of the League fund. He said its accounts had never been questioned except by a few black-mailers.

A resolution was reported by the Confer­ence Committee pledging their attendance in a budy at the National Convention to-mor­row, and their efforts in behalf of a new or­ganization. A substitute was adopted order­ing the transfer of property to the new league, and the convention then adjourned.

Philadelphia, April 26.—At the after­noon session the galleries were crowded. One thousand and fifty-five delegates were on the floor, while forty lady delegates were given seats upon the stage. Mrs. Parnell was loudly cheered upon entering.

On motion of M. V. Gannon, of Iowa, a resolution of respect and sympathy for the mother of Fannie Parnell, was adopted by a rising vote. It was stated that the Central League of Boston w'ould decorate Fannie Parnell’s grave.

The customary committees on permanent organization were appointed.

The following telegram was read :Louisville, Ky., April 26th.—Sons of

Erin and Patriots of Ireland : Hopes are cen­tered in you to sink all differences for her sake. Unfurl the stainless banner with the Irish-American National League inscribed thereon, and Erin's deliverance will soon be won. (Signed) WM. McCREADY.

After a short recess a permanent organiza­tion was effected, with the following officers : Chairman, M. A. Feran. of Ohio ; Secretary, Jno. J. Hynes; Assistant Secretaries, Jno. C. Enright (Mich.,) Edw. Fitzwilliams (Mass.,) Cornelias Horan f Pa.,) and J. D. O’Connell, Washington. A number of Vice Presidents were also chosen.

Feran, before taking the chair, said that speeches enough had been made and now it was time for work. He counselled union and unification of every Irish society per­haps in the whole world.

The following telegram was read hy Father Darney :

London, April 26.—James Mooney, Esq., President Irish-American Convention. Phila- dclphia, Pa. : My presence at the session of the most representativ convention of Irish American opinion ever assembled being im­possible, owing to the necessity of my re­maining here to oppose the criminal code hill, which re-enacts permanently the worst provisions of the coercion act and if passed will leave constitutional movements at the mercy of the government, I would ask you to lay my views before the convention. I would respectfully advise that your platform should he so framed as to enable us to con­tinue to accept help from America, and at the same time avoid affording a pretext to the British government for entirely suppres­sing the national movement in Ireland. In this way only can unity of movement be preserved both in Ireland and America. I have perfect confidence that by prudence, moderation and firmness, the cause of Ire­land will continue to advance, and though persecution rests heavily upon us at present, before many years have passed we shall have achieved those great objects for which through many centuries our race has strug­gled. (Signed)

CHAS. STEWART PARNELL.The committees were then announced, and

the convention adjourned until Friday.

poses upon the people gigantic burdenTf the sustenance of a foreign army, for an °r pressing constabulary, for the salaries^' supernumerary officials, and place men f° pensions to English favorites for money for vulgar court, whose extravagam is exceeded only by the shame of its preteCe sions. Naturally the created capital of th country is sent to England on one pretext another and brings in exchange nothing ex' cept articles of English manufacture. whief the Irish, under self-government, would pro duce for themselves or purchase in Aweri(! Irsh manufactures, deliberately destroyed Ù England in the last century, are still do- man t. He immense water power turns nwheel ; her canals are all hut impassably0 her rivers are obstructed ; here useful clav and valuable mineral are untouched ; in h beautiful harbors are few new ships, excem those of her enemy. English law for pro­tection in Ireland has been a lance to aai. Ireland bleed at every pore for the benefit of heartless landlords and English m.mmv

Resolutions Adopted by the Irish-Amer­ican National Convention.

Philadelphia, April 27.— Wm. Henry Smith, chairman of the committee on resolu­tions, rendered his report at 2:40, which was as follows :

The Irish-American people assembled in convention at Philadelphia submit to the in­telligence and right reason of their fellow- men that the duty of government is to pre­serve the lives of the governed ; to defend their liberty ; to protect their property ; to maintain peace and order ; to allow each portion of the people an equitable and effi­cient voice in the Legislature, and to pro­mote the general welfare hy wise, just and humane laws. We solemnly declare and cite unquestioned history and universal knowledge as living testimony thereof— first, that the English government has ex­isted in Ireland not to preserve the lives of the governed hut to destroy them.

The resolution then pictures at length the allowed barbarities of the English govern­ment. How the blazing torch had been applied to the asylums of terrified women ; how the deadly bomb has been discharged into helpless towns. As if the sword, cannon, torch, scaffold, dagger and explosive was not enough, it enjoys the unique in­famy of being the only government known to ancient or modern times which has em­ployed famine for the destruction of those from whom it claimed allegiance. Forcibly robbing the Irish people of the fruits of their toil, produced by their own labor it has buried, not a hundred, not a thousand, but more than a million of the Irish race, unshrouded and uncoffined, in a grave of hunger. I t has mercilessly compelled the other millions in compulsory poverty to seek in alien lands the bread they were entitled to in their own. There is no form of cruelty known to the lowest savage which it has not practiced on the Irish people in the name of the highest civilization without a warrant. Citizens may be thrown into prison without counsel. He may be put on mock trial be­fore a prejudiced judge and packed jury, and on the lying averments of purchased wretches his liberty may be sacrificed or his life taken in the the name of law.

Instead of protecting the property of the people, English government in Ireland has been conspicuous for its injury and ruin. Out of 20,000,000 acres of producing land 6,000,000 has been allowed to be waste. The ownership of the remainder, generally ac­quired by force or fraud, has been retained in the hands of ravenous monopolists, who annually drain the country of its money in the form of rents, no portion of which goes hack to the Irish people. In addition to this, an iniqnitons system of taxation im-

nglish manure- tures. English government in Ireland has not maintained ]>eace or order, b u t has

for seven hundred years broken h e r peace

and destroyed her order. English govern- ment in Ireland does not allow this portion

of the empire an equitable a n d efllcien*

voice in the Legislature. In E n g l a n d one-

twelfth of the population votes l o r n iem .

bers of Parliament ; in Ireland o n e - tw e n ty -

fifty. In England the registration l a w s are favorable to voters; in Ireland they a r e inn.

cal to voters. In England all classes o f the

population are fairly represented ; in I re la n d

the poor law is employed to secure to land­lords and place-hunters preponderance in th national delegation. I n E n g l a n d the

judiciary is independent o f the e x e c u tiv e

and sympathizes with the people ; in Ire lan d

the judiciary is creative and a part o f f o

executive, and is appointed e x c l u s i v e l y from the enemies of the people. I n E n g l a n d the

magistracy is chosen without regard to

creed ; in Ireland ninety-seven per c e n t , of

the magistrates, having jusisdiction over the

liberties of the people, are selected fro m a

creed rejected by seventy-eight per cent, of

the people, and a detestable spirit o f religions bigotry is thus legalized and p e r p e tu a te d !

In Enland the laws creating civil d is a b il i t ie s

on account of religion have long been dead

in Ireland the laws made under E d w ard

III., Queen Elizabeth, Earl o f S tra tfo rd ,

Charles II., and Queen Anne and t h e i r sue

cessors are still vital to torment the people,

for whose oppression no statute i s f o u n d too

hoary by venal and truculent judges .

Every measure of legislation proposed b y au

English member receives courteous co n s id e r ­

ation, but any measu-e, however just, neces­sary or humane proposed by a p a t r i o t Irish

member is contemptuously rejected b y the

combined majority of both g r e a t E n g lish

parties. Thus the educational s y s t e m of

Ireland is notoriously inadequate. Thus it

is that the evictions unknown in England, and declared hy Gladstone to he almost equivalent to a death sentence, are o f daily

occurrence in Ireland, and have nearly

doubled in five years in spite of the boasted

benefit of the Gladstone land laws. T h u s it

is that, although, according to g o v e r n m e n t

returns, the criminals are t w e n t y - s e v e n in

ten thousand of English people, they a r e only sixteen in ten thousand of the I r i s h p o p u la ­

tion, in spite of the aggravation to w hich

they are subject. Yet England e n j o y s con­

stitutional liberty, and Ireland is under

worse than martial law. The intrepid and persistent attempts of patriot Irish d e p u ta ­

tions to obtain in the English P a r l ia m e n t

just and humane laws for Ireland have al­ways been and, in our belief, must con­tinue to he a failure. Now, therefore, i n view

of these facts, he itResolved by the Irish American people in

Com'ention assembled, That the English gov­ernment in Ireland originating in usurpa­tion and perpetuated hy force, having failed to discharge any of the duties of govern­ment and never having acquired the consent of the governed, has no more right what­ever to exist in Ireland and that it is the duty of the Irish race throughout the world to sustain the Irish people in the em­ployment of all legitimate means to su b s ti ­

tute for it a National Self-government, Therefore he it

Resolved, That we place our u n q u a lif ie d

and constant support, both m o r a l a n d ma­terial, to onr countrymen in Ireland in their

efforts to recover their national s e lf -g o v e rn ­

ment, and in order to more effectually pro­

mote this object hy a consolidation o f all

oar resources and by the creation o f one

responsible and authoritative body to speak

for Ireland in America. That all the socities

represented in this convention and all tha t

may hereafter comply with the c o n d i t i o n s of

admission be organized into the I r i s h Na­tional League of America for the p u r p o s e oi

supporting the Irish National L e a g u e ol

Ireland, of which Charles Stewart P a r n e l l is

President. Therefore be itResolved, That we heartily endorse the

noble sentiments of Bishop Butler, of Lim­erick, that every stroke of Forster’s savage lash was for Irishmen a new proof ol Parnell’s worth and an additional title for him to the confidence and gratitude of hi“ countrymen. Therefore be it

Resolved, That we sympathize w ith the laborers of Irland in their efforts to improve their condition, and as we have sustained the farmers in their assaults upon landlord­ism so will we now urge upon farmers jus­tice and humane consideration for the labor­ers, we demand that farmers allow laiorers a fair day’s wages for a fair day’s work.

Resolved, That as the m anufactures ol Great Britain are the chief sources of her material greatness, already declining under the influence of American competition, we earnestly counsel our countrymen in Ireland to buy nothing in England which they can produce in Ireland or procure from America or France, and we pledge ourselves to pro­mote Irish manufactures b y encouraging their import to America, and to use the ut­most endeavors by plain statements of facts and discrimination in patronage to dissuade American tradesmen from keeping Engl*«1 goods on sale.

Itosolved, That an English Ministry osten tatiously Liberal has earned the content!11 and destestation of the fair-minded men throughout the world by imprisoning mom than one thousand citizens of Ireland witm out accusation or trial, a number ot whom were noble hearted women engaged iu work’ of mercy among the evicted of landlord m- pacity and English law. .

Resolved, That this convention thanks t e Right Rev. John Ireland, Bishop ot Paul ; Right Rev. John O’Connor, Bishop 1 Omaha ; Right Rev. John Lancaster Spam ing, Bishop of Peoria ; Most Rev. John liams, Bishop of Boston ; Right Rev. »• Ryan. Bishop of Buffalo ; Most Rev. Patnj* A. Feehan, Archbishop of Chicago; R|8 Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, Bishop ol D Rock, and their coadjutors for their efnci efforts in providing homes for Irish im grants in the United States. The pe°pl.e. , Ireland are by law, God, and nature cut1 to live by their labor in their native iabut since a brutal government compel ,̂ large number to emigrate it is the duty their countrymen to warn them againstsnares of poverty in the large cities and * sist them to agricultural regions. ^

Resolved, That the policy of the Eng government in first reducing the Irish r r , antry to absolute poverty, and then f them penniless to the United States, depw?j ent upon American charity, is unnatural humane, and an outrage upon the Amen, government and people. We respecu ■