TechnologyUsed for MSW to Energy conversion

Mass burn (incineration) Pyrolysis Conventional Gasification Plasma Arc Gasification. Plasma process Using coal RDF Technology.

Type of thermal process Technology

Mass burn system

The mass burn system generally burns unprocessed or minimally processed commingle solid waste & recovers energy.

Operating mass burn facility capacity generally ranges from about 200 to 3000 tons per day.

Operating temperatures between 850°C to 1250°C.

Operations:>waste storage & feed preparation >combustion in afurnace,producing

hot gases & bottom ash residue for disposal.

>Gas temperature reduction, frequently involving heat recovery via steam generation.

>Treatment of the cooled gas to remove air pollutants, and disposal of residuals from this treatment process

>dispersion of treated gas to the atmosphere through an induced-draft fan &stack.

Waste Storage

Feed Preparati

on

ScrubberWater or

Ashhandling

Air pollutioncontrol

Gas Temperature

Reduction

Heat Recovery

Combustion

Ash Handling

Fan

Emissionsstack

Mass burn System

The thermal decomposition of organic fraction of solid waste at elevated temperatures.

The range is about 400-900 °C.

Operation:>The preprocessed MSW material

is fed into pyrolysis reactor.>Produced Raw synthesis(CO &H2

mixture) overhead & bottom ash.

>Syngas clean up is deigned to remove carry over particulate matter from the reactor.

>Syngas is used in the power generation plant to produced

energy.(steam and electricity)> Ash ,Carbon char& metals have

used as recycables in industry.

Pyrolysis:

Pyrolysis process

FeedstockMSW

preprocessing

Ash carbon&metals

Pyrolysis

reactor

Recyclables

Power generation*Electrical energy

*steam

Syngas

Syngascleanup

Airemission

By productsSuch as Sulfar & acid gases

Electricity To Grid

A thermal process, which converts carbonaceous materials such as MSW into Syngas using a limited quantity of air or oxygen.

Temperature is 1450 to 3000°F Some basic chemical reaction in

gasification process are: C+O2=CO2 C+H2O=CO+H2 C+2H2=CH4 C+CO2=2CO CO+H2O=CO2+H2 C (n)+n H2O=n CO+(n+1/2m)H2

Conventional Gasification

preprocessing Pyrolysis

reactor

Recyclables

Power generation*Electrical energy

*steam

By productsSuch as Sulfar & acid gases

Electricity To Grid

FeedstockMSW

Syngas

Ash carbon&

metals

Syngascleanup

AiremissionConventional Gasification

Air/O2

Plasma process Using coal

Typical coal Fired power plant

Plasma MSW Processing System Schematic

Concept• Collocate MSW plasma processing plants (in modules of 1,000 TPD) withexisting operational coal-fired power plants.• The amount of coal supplied to a plant will be reduced, proportionate to the thermal output of the MSW plant.• The hot gaseous emissions from the plasma plant afterburner system will be fed directly into the coal plant combustion chamber to supplement the combusted coal gases.• The combined plasma and coal gaseous emissions would produce steam and power equal to the normal coal plant generating capacity.• MSW would replace large volumes of coal for power generation in a veryefficient, cost-effective and environmentally cleaner operation

PLASMA PROCESSINOF MSW AT COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

• Plant capital costs reduced by over 50%.– Utilize power plant boiler, generation and emission control systems• More than 50% more electrical energy from MSW gases.– Large coal-fired generation systems are more efficient (~35%) than smaller.generation systems for MSW alone (~20%)• Significantly lower operating costs– Use of power plant systems reduces number of MSW-associated systems• Salable solid residue– Gravel, sand, aggregate for concrete, asphalt and concrete pavers• Cost-competitive with landfill tipping fees throughout most of U.S.• Need for landfills is eliminated

MSW Processing Advantages

RDF Technology

*Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) or solid recovered fuel is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste(MSW) with a Waste converter technology. RDF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste.

WHAT IS RDF ?

REFUSE DERIVED FUEL - PELLETS

RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) Characteristics

> Calorific Value: 2500 – 3000 Kcal/Kg

High Volatile Matter ( 60% )

>Emission characteristics of RDF are superior compared to coal with less NOX, SOX, CO & CO2.

> Bio fertilizer and the Fly ash are the useful by products.

MSWsource

Receiving storage handling

Primary Process size Reduction

Secondary Process:

Densification

RDF storage Melting & feed

Combustion

System

Air pollution control system

Landfill

Recovered Material

Materials Recovery potential steam

Source

Separation RDF -1

Dry process

Direct Reject Process Ash Particu-

Disposal Waste Residue late/

Residue

RDF technology:

Advantages of RDF It has higher calorific value than mixed solid

waste. It has low ash content Its uniform size and more homogenous

nature as waste is shredded. The smaller size of combustion system.

Thank you to all

Apu BanikAhasanullah University of Science &Technology.Department of Electrical and Electronic

Engineering

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