MPLS based Virtual Private Networks · VC Type - FR, ATM, Ethernet, HDLC, PPP, ATM cell VC Info...
Transcript of MPLS based Virtual Private Networks · VC Type - FR, ATM, Ethernet, HDLC, PPP, ATM cell VC Info...
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MPLS based Virtual Private Networks
Sources:
V. Alwayn, Advanced MPLS Design and Implementation, Cisco Press
B. Davie and Y. Rekhter, MPLS Technology and Applications, Morgan Kaufmann
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Slide 2
MPLS VPN Agenda...
Layer 2 MPLS VPN Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge -
PWE3 Martini Draft Encapsulation Point to Point services Encapsulation modes
Provider Provisioned VPN - PPVPN Draft status and review
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Slide 3
WAN Traffic
100
49
15 17
0
2040
60
80100
120
LAN Legacy Voice Other
Type of Traffic
Pres
ent i
n %
of
Com
pani
esVPNs The “Evidence” and Need for Layer 2
• WAN Traffic: LAN is not pure IP and includes
Netbios, IPX Legacy traffic includes SNA and
DECnet Layer 3 Services (IP) address
less than 50% of the market
• WAN Services: Leased lines and Frame Relay
are dominant Integrate existing services at
Layer 2 Layer 2 Services are
important for Frame Relay and ATM integration
WAN Services
74
50
30
0
20
40
60
80
Leased Lines Frame Relay & ATM(MDNS)
IP Based
WAN Service Type
Pres
ent i
n %
of
Com
pani
es
IDC WAN Manager Survey 2001
IP IPX
Netbios
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Slide 4
VPNs The “Evidence” and Need for Layer 2
• Use of Frame Relay; Layer 2 VPN for HQ and
regional sites Used for legacy and
international traffic Smaller addressable market
without Frame Relay integration
• Use of IP VPNs Acceptance is low, few IP
only customers Predominantly used for
remote access Smaller addressable market
with Layer 3 IP only services
IDC WAN Manager Survey 2001
Use of Frame Relay
53
2227
9 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
National International legacy Voice Video
Use of Frame Relay
% o
f Com
pani
es
Use of IP-VPN63
21
313
010203040506070
No IP-VPN IP-VPN Plan IP-VPN in12 Months
Plan IP-VPN inFuture
% o
f Com
pani
es
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Slide 5
VPN Market Drivers What can we conclude?
• Layer 3 IP is not the only traffic Still a lot of legacy SNA, IPX etc Large enterprises have legacy protocols
• Layer 3 IP VPNs are not the whole answer IP VPNs cannot handle legacy traffic
• Layer 2 Frame Relay VPNs widely deployed Used for multiple protocols including IP and legacy
Carriers need to support Layer 2 and Layer 3 VPNs
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Slide 6
MPLS Layer 2 VPNs
• Point-to-point layer 2 solutions Similar to ATM / FR services, uses tunnels and connections (LSPs) Customer gets connectivity only from provider
Encapsulate Ethernet, ATM, FR, TDM, SONET, etc
• Multi-point layer 2 solutions Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) aka TLS Ethernet Metro VLANs / TLS over MPLS Independent of underlying core transport All drafts support Martini Ethernet encapsulation Differences in drafts for discovery and signaling
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Slide 7
MPLS Point-to-Point Services Label Stacking
• Three Layers of Encapsulation 1) Tunnel Header: Contains information needed to transport the
PDU across the IP or MPLS network 2) Demultiplexer Field: Used to distinguish individual emulated VCs
within a single tunnel 3) Emulated VC Encapsulation: Contains the information about the
enclosed PDU (known as Control Word) • Tunnel Header determines path through network • Demultiplexer Field identifies VLAN, VPN, or connection
at the end point • All services look like a Virtual Circuit to MPLS network
Tunnel Header
Demux Field Layer 2 payload VC Encaps
Information
1 2 3
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Slide 8
MPLS Point-to-Point Service
• Tunnel Label determines path through network • VC Label identifies VLAN, VPN, or connection
at the end point
Customer Site A Customer Site B
Customer Site C Customer Site D
Tunnel Header Demux
Demux
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Slide 9
Layer 2 encapsulation draft-martini-l2circuit-encap-mpls-04.txt
• Martini defines the following encapsulations over MPLS ATM AAL5 (draft – April 2002) ATM cell (draft – April 2002) Frame Relay (draft – June 2002) Ethernet / 802.1q VLAN (draft – July 2002) PPP/HDLC (draft – July 2002)
• Martini defines a new Control Word and a new VC FEC Element
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Slide 10
New Control Word
• Layer 2 header fields may be discarded at ingress
• Control word carries “flag” bits depending on encapsulation
(FR: FECN, BECN, C/R, DE, ATM: CLP, EFCI, C/R, etc)
• Length required when padding small frames on links which have a minimum frame size
• Sequence number is optional. It is used to detect out of order delivery of frames.
Rsvd
bits 4
Length
8
Sequence Number
16
Control Word
Flags
4
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Slide 11
LDP - Label Mapping Message
Traffic TLV (optional)
LSPID TLV (optional)
Label Request Message ID TLV
Label TLV
FEC TLV
Message ID
Label Mapping Message Length
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Slide 12
New VC FEC Element Defined
• Virtual Circuit FEC Element C - Control Word present VC Type - FR, ATM, Ethernet, HDLC, PPP, ATM cell VC Info Length - length of VCID field Group ID - user configured - group of VCs representing port or
tunnel index VC ID - used with VC type to identify unique VC Interface Parameters - Specific I/O parameters
Group ID
VC TLV C VC Type VC Info Length
VC ID Interface Parameters
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Slide 13
MPLS Ethernet Encapsulation draft-martini-ethernet-encap-mpls-01.txt
• Ingress device strips the Ethernet preamble and FCS • Ethernet header becomes “control word” • New MPLS Ethernet header (type 0x8847) and new
FCS is added to MPLS Ethernet packet
Tunnel Header
Demux Field
Ethernet header
Ethernet payload
payload DA SA T FCS
Original Ethernet frame
Encapsulated Ethernet over MPLS
Preamble 802.1q
0x8847 DA’ SA’ FCS’
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Slide 14
Life of a Frame Ethernet over Ethernet MPLS
Last Mile Provider’s MPLS
Backbone Last Mile POP POP
CPE
CPE
CPE
CPE
PE
PE
Penultimate Hop LSR
PE
PE
payload DA SA T FCS 802.1q
payload DA SA T 802.1q VC Label
Tunnel Label 0x8847 DA’ SA’ FCS’
payload DA SA T 802.1q VC Label 0x8847 DA” SA” FCS”
payload DA SA T FCS 802.1q
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Slide 15
MPLS ATM standards work - Forums
• MPLS Forum work PNNI, UNI baseline interworking documents PVC UNI Baseline UNI Service Framework Comments docs
• ATM Forum work Btf-aic-mpls-niwf-02.02 – new doc April 2002
ATM MPLS Network Interworking Version 2
• ITU-T interworking study group 13 (y.ATMPLS)
• All groups working together and with IETF
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Slide 16
MPLS ATM standards work - IETF
• IETF PWE3 WG Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge
• IETF ATM Service Descriptions Draft-martini-atm-encap-mpls-00.txt
June 2002 New draft
Draft-brayley-pwe3-atm-service-01.txt Expired and merged into martini-atm-encaps June 2002
Draft-fisher-pwe3-atm-service-02.txt Expired, but backs atm forum doc June 2002
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Slide 17
ATM and Frame Relay Service Reference Model
Requirements for Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to Edge (PWE3)
PE = Provider Edge CE = Customer Edge
CE-1
PE1 PE2
ATM or FR Service CE-2
PSN Tunnel
Pseudo Wire
Emulated Service
ATM or FR Service
UNI or NNI
UNI or NNI
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Slide 18
ATM AAL5 Encapsulation draft-martini-atm-encap-mpls-00.txt
• Ingress reassembles AAL5 frames and strips 8 octet AAL5 trailer
• Required control word includes: T = Transport type bit
Common Part Convergence Sublayer-Protocol Data Unit (AAL5 CPCS-PDU) Or ATM Cell
E = EFCI bit - Efficient Forward Congestion L = CLP bit - Cell Loss Priority C = Command / Response bit
Tunnel Header
Demux Field
4 octets 4 octets
Control word AAL5 CPCS-PDU
4 octets
Rsvd T E L C
bits 4 1 1
Length
8
Sequence Number
16
ATM Control Word
1 1
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Slide 19
ATM Cell Mode Encapsulation draft-martini-atm-encap-mpls-00.txt
• Ingress performs no reassembly • Control word is optional:
Length may be used to infer number of cells Flags set to zero
Tunnel Header
Demux Field
4 octets 4 octets
Control word
ATM cell #1 minus FCS
4 octets 52 octets
ATM cell #2 minus FCS
52 octets
…
Rsvd T E L C
bits 4 1 1
Length
8
Sequence Number
16
ATM Control Word
1 1
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Slide 20
MPLS Frame Relay standards
• IETF PWE3: Frame Relay Service Description Draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-01.txt (new draft – June
2002) Draft-kamapabhava-fr-pwe3-00.txt merged into martini Draft-bryant-pwe3-fr-encap-00.txt expired
• Frame Relay Forum Work Frame Relay Multiprotocol Encapsulation Implementation
Agreement
• Frame Relay & MPLS Forums are jointly working on an implementation agreement FR and MPLS Network Interworking IA - Baseline
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Slide 21
MPLS PWE3 FR Encapsulation Draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-01.txt
• Main Functions: FR over Pseudo Wire - FRoPW Encapsulation of FR specific information in a suitable
FRoPW packet (ingress function) Transfer of a FRoPW packet through IP / MPLS
network Extraction of FR specific information from a FRoPW
packet (egress function) Generation of native FR frames at egress Other operations to support FR services
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Slide 22
MPLS PWE3 FR Encapsulation Draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-01.txt
• Two Mapping modes defined between FR VCs and FR PWs One-to-one mapping One FR VC mapped to a pair of unidirectional PWs
CE-1
PE1 PE2
One Bi-directional
FR VC CE-2
Pair of Uni-directional PW LSPs
End-to-end FR VCs
Pseudo Wire Emulated Service
One Bi-directional
FR VC
Tunnel LSP
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Slide 23
MPLS PWE3 FR Encapsulation Draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-01.txt
CE-1
PE1 PE2
Many Bi-directional
FR VC
CE-2
End-to-end FR VCs
Pseudo Wire Emulated Service
Many Bi-directional
FR VC
• Two Mapping modes defined between FR VCs and FR PWs Many-to-one or port mode mapping (Optional) Many FR VCs mapped to a pair of Unidirectional PWs
Pair of Uni-directional PW LSPs
Tunnel LSP
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Slide 24
MPLS Frame Relay Encapsulation draft-martini-frame-encap-mpls-00.txt
• F = FECN (Forward Explicit Congestion Notification) • B = BECN (Backward Explicit Congestion Notification) • D = DE (Discard Eligibility Indicator) • C = C/R (Command / Response Field)
Tunnel Header
Demux Field
4 octets 4 octets
Control word Frame Relay PDU
4 octets
bits 4 1 1 1 1 8
Rsvd F B D C Length Sequence Number
16
FR Control Word
payload Q.922 Header FCS
Frame Relay frame
1 1
FECN BECN DE EA DLCI DLCI C/R EA
1 1 1 1 6 4
Frame Relay Header
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Slide 25
MPLS VPN Tutorial Agenda...
Layer 2 MPLS VPN Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge to Edge -
PWE3 Martini Draft Encapsulation LDP Review Point to Point services Encapsulation modes
Life of a Frame across a Pseudo Wire Provider Provisioned VPN - PPVPN Draft status and review
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Slide 26
• Draft-ietf-ppvpn-vpls-requirements-00.txt March 02 – expires September 02 Describes service requirements related to emulating a
Virtual Private LAN segment over an IP or MPLS network States that VPLS topology “may” be;
Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint, Any-to-any (full mesh), Mixed (partial mesh), Hierarchical
Service to the customers “must” retain the typical LAN any-to-any connectivity
• Draft-sajassi-vpls-architectures-00.txt February 02 – expires September 02 Defines the reference architecture for a VPLS system
MPLS Layer 2 Multipoint Services IETF Overview PPVPN Drafts
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Slide 27
• VPLS drafts draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-01.txt Draft-kompella-ppvpn-l2vpn-02.txt draft-ouldbrahim-l2vpn-lpe-02.txt
• Other drafts Draft-chen-ppvpn-compare-00.txt
Compares old DTLS model to HVPLS Draft-shah-ppvpn-vpls-pe-mtu-signaling-00.txt
Suggests and describes signaling between CE (L2PE or MTU-s for DTLS and HVPLS
MPLS Layer 2 Multipoint Services IETF VPLS and other Drafts
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Slide 28
VPLS-B
MPLS Layer 2 Multipoint Services Architecture
PE PE-POP
VPLS-A
PE
VPLS-A
VPLS-B CE
CE
CE
Service Provider MPLS Backbone
VPLS-A
PE-CLE CE
CE
Distributed PE functions PE-POP = PE at SP POP PE-CLE = PE at customer site
VPLS-B
VPLS-A
PE-CLE
L2 Access
CE
CE
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Slide 29
Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-01.txt
Defines an Ethernet (IEEE802.1D) learning bridge model
over MPLS Martini Ethernet circuits Defines the LER function for an MPLS VPLS network Creates a layer 2 broadcast domain closed to a set of
users MAC address learning and aging on a per LSP basis Packet replication across LSPs for multicast, broadcast,
and unknown unicast traffic Now includes HVPLS
formerly draft-khandekar-ppvpn-hvpls-mpls-00.txt
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Slide 30
Customer-1 VC LSP
Customer-1 & 2 VC LSPs
• Tunnel LSPs are established between PEs
• Users designated C1 and C2 are part of two independent Virtual Private LANs
Tunnel LSP
C1
C1
C1
C1 C2
C2
C2
Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-01.txt
Layer 2 VC LSPs are set up in Tunnel LSPs
Core MPLS network acts as a LAN switch
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Slide 31
Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-01.txt
• Reduces signaling and packet replication to allow large scale deployment of VPLS
• Uses Martini VC / LSPs between edge MTU and VPLS aware PE devices
VC-1 = Single pt-to-pt Martini Tunnel LSP MTU-s = Bridging Capable MTU PE-rs = VPLS Capable PE = Virtual VPLS (Bridge) Instance B
Tunnel LSP CE-1
CE-2 CE-3
MTU-s
Layer 2 aggregation
PE1-rs
PE2-rs
PE3-rs
VC-1
B
B
B
B
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Slide 32
VPLS
• Virtual private LAN service (VPLS) is a way to provide Ethernet based multipoint to multipoint communication over IP/MPLS networks.
• It allows geographically dispersed sites to share an Ethernet broadcast domain by connecting sites through pseudo-wires.
Ethernet
8/31
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Slide 33
Why Ethernet?
• Over 100 million Ethernet interfaces and growing fast
• Significant innovation
Throughput increases from 10 Mbps all the way to 10 Gbps (100Gbps has been tested in
Labs)
Protocol enhancements extending Ethernet’s physical reach to function as a wide area
network (WAN) solution WAN solution
9/31
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Slide 34
VPLS over MPLS
Following are few of the benefits of VPLS that it inherited from MPLS
Network Convergence Traffic Engineering Multi-point VPN BGP-free Core
10/31
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Slide 35
VPLS – a big picture
11/31
CE
CE
CE CE
CE
CE CE CE
CE
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Slide 36
Hierarchal VPLS - overview
16/31
• Multiple Clients • Similar Constraint: VLAN IDs
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Slide 37
Layer 2 PPVPN draft-kompella-ppvpn-l2vpn-02.txt
• Defines the provisioning of Layer 2 VPNs using MP-BGP
• Defines the interworking functions of a Layer 2 VPN if IP is the layer 3 protocol
• Compares and contrasts Layer 2 vs Layer 3 MPLS VPN solutions
• Describes PE configuration, advertisement, and adding new sites
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Slide 38
Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS VPLSs using Logical PE Architecture
• draft-ouldbrahim-l2vpn-lpe-02 • Draft proposal that introduces a “logical PE” function • PE is divided into core and edge functions • PE-core devices connect to other PE-core and P devices
Transport Tunnel within NSP core and between PE-cores VPLS configuration and membership VPLS signaling and discovery
• PE-edge devices connect to other PE-edge devices and PE-core devices MAC address learning and STP Traffic Prioritizing, policing, shaping Customer VLAN processing
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Slide 39
Comparison of “some” Layer 2 drafts
draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-01.txt
draft-kompella-ppvpn-l2vpn-02.txt
draft-ouldbrahim-l2vpn-lpe-02.txt
Description Virtual Private LAN Services
Provisioning MPLS L2 VPNs
VPLS using Logical PE
Architecture Date of draft / Expires
March 2002 / Sept 2002
June 2002 / December 2002
March 2002 / August 2002
Discovery of VPLS members
Static / LDP Dynamic / BGP Static / LDP
Signaling of VC LSPs
LDP BGP LDP
Encapsulation Martini Ethernet Martini Ethernet Martini Ethernet
Scaling HVPLS included formerly draft-
khandekar-ppvpn-hvpls-mpls-00.txt
Scope of draft Inherent
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Slide 40
VPLS Conclusion
• VPLS Standardization and convergence are happening and well accepted Several complementary proposals IETF PPVPN Design Team; To issue applicability statements Sort out various drafts Work on possible convergence Identifies open issues
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Slide 41
MPLS VPNs Summary
• Layer 2 versus Layer 3 Apples and Oranges
• Layer 3 MPLS VPNs Deployed and at RFC stage
• Layer 2 MPLS VPNs Lot’s of Interest from Carriers and Vendors Many new competing drafts – some consolidation Many different models for the same solution We are in “concept” stage
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Slide 42
For More Information. . . . .
• http://mplsforum.com
• http://www.ietf.org
• http://www.itu.int
• http://www.frforum.com
• http://www.atmforum.com
• http://www.mplsrc.com