Mp03 3mb

588
WELCOME WELCOME Prof. S. RIASUDEEN Prof. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. B.L., Ph.D. DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE CHENNAI – 119. CHENNAI – 119.

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Transcript of Mp03 3mb

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 300300

PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 301301

MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 416416

SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 417417

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 418418

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 425425

MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 430430

ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 433433

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 437437

DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 493493

ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You

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WELCOMEWELCOME

Prof. S. RIASUDEENProf. S. RIASUDEEN M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D. M.B.A., M.Phil., B.L., Ph.D.

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIESDEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

MOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGEMOHAMED SATHAK COLLEGE

CHENNAI – 119.CHENNAI – 119.

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STRATEGIC PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNINGINPUTS

PEOPLE

CAPITAL

MANAGERIAL SKILLS

TECHNICAL SKILLS

TOP MANAGEMENT ORIENTATION

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

ENTERPRISE PROFILE

PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES

FORECAST OF FUTURE ENVIRONMENT

RESOURCE AUDIT

Feed Back

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ETOP

DEVELOPMENTOF

ALTERNATIVESTRATEGIES

SWOT

EVALUATION &STRATEGIC CHOICE

MEDIUM RANGE PLANNING

SHORT TERM PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION

CONTROL

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SWOT ANALYSISSWOT ANALYSIS

ASIAN PAINTSASIAN PAINTS OpportunitiesOpportunitiesIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paintsIncreasing scope for specialised & high qlty paints

No entry of superior companyNo entry of superior company

ThreatsThreatsIndustry attracts very high taxIndustry attracts very high tax

Critical raw materials are to be importedCritical raw materials are to be imported

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SWOTSWOT

StrengthsStrengthsHigh image for its product rangeHigh image for its product range

Efficient distribution net workEfficient distribution net work

WeaknessWeaknessInadequate production capacity utilisationInadequate production capacity utilisation

Higher transportation costHigher transportation cost

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PORTFOLIO ANALYSISPORTFOLIO ANALYSIS BCG growth matrixBCG growth matrix

StarsStars QuestionQuestion

marksmarks

Cash Cash CowsCows

DogsDogs

HIGH

LOW

HIGH LOW

GROWTH RATE

MARKET SHARE

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MAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIESMAJOR KINDS OF STRATEGIES

GrowthGrowth FinanceFinance OrganizationOrganization PersonnelPersonnel Public relationPublic relation Product or servicesProduct or services MarketingMarketing

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COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES BY PORTERPORTER

Overall cost leadership strategyOverall cost leadership strategyDifferentiation strategyDifferentiation strategyFocused strategyFocused strategy

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EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

Successful implementation of strategiesSuccessful implementation of strategies• Communicating strategies to all key decision making Communicating strategies to all key decision making

managersmanagers• Developing and communicating planning premisesDeveloping and communicating planning premises• Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and Ensuring that action plans contribute major objectives and

strategiesstrategies• Reviewing strategies regularly Reviewing strategies regularly • Developing contingency strategies and programsDeveloping contingency strategies and programs• Making the organization structure fit planning needsMaking the organization structure fit planning needs• Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing Continuing to emphasize planning and implementing

strategystrategy• Creating company climate that forces planningCreating company climate that forces planning

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DECISION MAKINGDECISION MAKING

Is defined as selection of a course of action Is defined as selection of a course of action from among alternatives; It is at the core of from among alternatives; It is at the core of planningplanning

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PROCESSPROCESSPremising

Identifying Alternatives

Evaluating of Alternatives

Choosing an alternative

Implementing Decision

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DEFINITION OF STAFFINGDEFINITION OF STAFFING

Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping Staffing is defined as filling, and keeping filled, positions in the organization structure. filled, positions in the organization structure. Includes identifying work-force requirements, Includes identifying work-force requirements, inventorying the people available, and inventorying the people available, and recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, recruiting, selecting, placing promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training or otherwise compensating, and training or otherwise developing both candidates and current developing both candidates and current jobholders to accomplish their tasks jobholders to accomplish their tasks effectively and efficiently.effectively and efficiently.

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Enterprise Plans

Organization Plans

Number & Kinds of Managers required

Manager Inventory

Analysis of present and future needs for managers

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External Source

Internal Source

Recruitment Selection Placement Promotion Separation

Appraisal Career Strategy

Training and Development

Leading & Controlling

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Factors Affecting the number and Factors Affecting the number and kinds of Managers Requiredkinds of Managers Required

Its sizeIts size Complexity of the organization structureComplexity of the organization structure Plans for expansion, Plans for expansion, Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.Rate of turnover of managerial personnel.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF ANALYSIS OF THE NEED OF MANAGERMANAGER

Supply of ManagerSupply of Manager

Selection Placement Promotion

Change in CompanyPlansOutplacementLayoffsDemotionsEarly retirement

INTERNAL Training and Development Compensation

EXTERNALRequirement

Training and Development

If change in demand is Expected in the future

High Low

High

Low

Demand

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SITUATIONAL FACTORS SITUATIONAL FACTORS AFFECTING STAFFINGAFFECTING STAFFING

EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT– EducationalEducational– Sociocultural,Sociocultural,– Legal-Political andLegal-Political and– Economic constraints or OpportunitiesEconomic constraints or Opportunities– LegislationLegislation

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITYEQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

WOMEN IN MANAGEMENTWOMEN IN MANAGEMENT

STAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTSTAFFING IN THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

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THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTTHE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

PROMOTION FROM WITHIN PROMOTION FROM WITHIN

THE POLICY OF OPEN THE POLICY OF OPEN COMPETITIONCOMPETITION

RESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFINGRESPONSIBILITY FOR STAFFING

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SELECTIONSELECTION

Selection is the process of choosing Selection is the process of choosing from among candidates, from within from among candidates, from within the organization or from the outside, the organization or from the outside, the most suitable person for the the most suitable person for the current position for future positionscurrent position for future positions

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POSITION REQUIREMENT AND POSITION REQUIREMENT AND JOB DESIGNJOB DESIGN

Selecting a manager effectively Selecting a manager effectively requires a clear understanding of the requires a clear understanding of the nature and purpose of the position nature and purpose of the position which is to be filled.which is to be filled.

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Identifying Job requirementsIdentifying Job requirements

What has to be done in this job?What has to be done in this job? How is it done?How is it done? What background knowledge, attitudes, and What background knowledge, attitudes, and

skills are required?skills are required? What are the new requirements?What are the new requirements?

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GuidelinesGuidelines

Appropriate scope of the jobAppropriate scope of the job

Full-time challenge of the jobFull-time challenge of the job

Managerial skills required by job designManagerial skills required by job design

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Job designJob design

Appropriate job structure in terms Appropriate job structure in terms of content, function and of content, function and relationshipsrelationships

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SKILLS & PERSONAL SKILLS & PERSONAL CHARACTERITICS NEEDEDCHARACTERITICS NEEDED

Analytical and Problem-solving Analytical and Problem-solving abilitiesabilities

Personal Characteristics Needed by Personal Characteristics Needed by managersmanagersDesire to manageDesire to manageCommunication skills and empathyCommunication skills and empathyIntegrity and honestyIntegrity and honesty

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 564564

SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

First, selection criteria are established, First, selection criteria are established, Education, knowledge, skills and Education, knowledge, skills and experienceexperience

Second, complete an application formSecond, complete an application form

Third, a screening interviewThird, a screening interview

Fourth, testing the candidate’s qualificationsFourth, testing the candidate’s qualifications

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SELECTION PROCESS, SELECTION PROCESS, TECHNIQUES AND TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTSINSTRUMENTS

Fifth, formal interviewsFifth, formal interviews Sixth, the information candidates is checked Sixth, the information candidates is checked

and verifiedand verified Seventh, a physical examination may be Seventh, a physical examination may be

requiredrequired Eighth, is either offered the job or informed Eighth, is either offered the job or informed

that he or she has not selected for position.that he or she has not selected for position.

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INTERVIEWSINTERVIEWS Is the process of identifying promising Is the process of identifying promising

candidatecandidateIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESSIMPROVING INTEVIEWING PROCESS

Interviewer should be well trainedInterviewer should be well trained Interviewer should be prepared to ask right Interviewer should be prepared to ask right

questionquestionConducting multiple interviewsConducting multiple interviews Interview should supplement other process Interview should supplement other process

of selectionof selection

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TESTSThe primary aim of testing is to obtain data about the applicants that helps predict their probable success as managers

COMMENLY USED TESTSIntelligence testsProficiency and aptitude testsVocational testsPersonality tests

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ASSESSMENT CENTERSASSESSMENT CENTERSIt is a technique for selecting and promoting It is a technique for selecting and promoting

managersmanagers

The typical assessment center will have the The typical assessment center will have the candidates do the following:candidates do the following:

Take various psychological testsTake various psychological tests Engage in management games in small groupsEngage in management games in small groups Engage in In-Basket exercisesEngage in In-Basket exercises Oral presentation on a particular topic or themeOral presentation on a particular topic or theme Engage in various other exercises, such as Engage in various other exercises, such as

preparing written report preparing written report

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EVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVESEVALUATING OF ALTERNATIVES

Quantitative and Qualitative factors Quantitative and Qualitative factors

Marginal AnalysisMarginal Analysis

Cost effectiveness analysisCost effectiveness analysis

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SELECTING AN ALTERNATIVESELECTING AN ALTERNATIVE

ExperienceExperience

ExperimentationExperimentation

Research and AnalysisResearch and Analysis

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PROGRAMMED AND PROGRAMMED AND NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONSNON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS

Programmed DecisionsProgrammed Decisions

Is concerned or applied to structured or Is concerned or applied to structured or runtime problemsruntime problems

Non Programmed DecisionsNon Programmed Decisions

Are concerned or applied for unstructured Are concerned or applied for unstructured Novel and Il defined situation of a non Novel and Il defined situation of a non recurring naturerecurring nature

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MODERN APPROACHES TO MODERN APPROACHES TO DECISION MAKING UNDER DECISION MAKING UNDER

UNCERTAINITYUNCERTAINITY

Risk AnalysisRisk Analysis

Decision TreesDecision Trees

Preference TheoryPreference Theory

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ORGANISINGORGANISING

It meansIt meansThe identification and classification of required The identification and classification of required

activitiesactivitiesThe grouping of activities necessary to attain The grouping of activities necessary to attain

objectivesobjectivesThe assignment of each grouping to the manager The assignment of each grouping to the manager

with the authority necessary to supervise itwith the authority necessary to supervise itThe provision for coordination horizontally and The provision for coordination horizontally and

vertically in the organization structure.vertically in the organization structure.

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FORMAL AND INFORMAL FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Formal OrganizationFormal OrganizationFormal organization means the intentional Formal organization means the intentional structure of roles in a formally organized structure of roles in a formally organized enterpriseenterprise

Informal OrganizationInformal OrganizationA network of personal and social relations not A network of personal and social relations not established or required by the formal organization established or required by the formal organization but arising spontaneously as people associate but arising spontaneously as people associate with one another.with one another.

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SPAN OF MANAGEMENTSPAN OF MANAGEMENT

It states that, there is a limit to the number of It states that, there is a limit to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively subordinates a manager can effectively supervise but the exact number will depend supervise but the exact number will depend on the impact of under lying factors.on the impact of under lying factors.

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FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN

Subordinate Training Clarity of Delegation of Authority Clarity of plans Use of Objective standards Rate of change Communication Techniques Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level Positive attitudes of subordinate toward

assumption of responsibility.

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ORGANISING PROCESSORGANISING PROCESS

1.1. Establishing enterprise objectivesEstablishing enterprise objectives2.2. Formulating supporting objects, policies Formulating supporting objects, policies

and plansand plans3.3. Identifying and classifying the activities Identifying and classifying the activities

necessary to accomplish thesenecessary to accomplish these4.4. Grouping these activitiesGrouping these activities5.5. Delegation of authorityDelegation of authority6.6. Establishing authority relationshipEstablishing authority relationship

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DEPARTMENTATIONDEPARTMENTATION

Departmentising is achieved by tolling off Departmentising is achieved by tolling off persons who are to perform same duties persons who are to perform same duties and putting them under the supervision of and putting them under the supervision of managermanager

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FORMS OF DEPARTMENTATIONFORMS OF DEPARTMENTATION

By TimeBy Time By enterprise functionBy enterprise function By Territory of GeographyBy Territory of Geography Customer DepartmentationCustomer Departmentation Process or equipment departmentationProcess or equipment departmentation By productBy product

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04/10/2304/10/23 pptppt 580580

MATRIX ORGANISATIONMATRIX ORGANISATION

LINE / STAFF AUTHORITY AND DECENTRALISATION

AUTHORITY AND POWER

Power : Is the ability of Individuals or groups to induce or influence the belief or action of other person or groups.

BASES OF POWER Legitimate Power Expertness Reward Power Coercive Power

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AUTHORITYAUTHORITY

Is the right in a position to exercise Is the right in a position to exercise discretion in making decision affecting discretion in making decision affecting others.others.

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LINE AND STAFF CONCEPTSLINE AND STAFF CONCEPTS

Line FunctionsLine Functions are those that have direct impact on are those that have direct impact on accomplishment of the objectives of the enterpriseaccomplishment of the objectives of the enterprise

Staff Functions Staff Functions are those that help the line persons work are those that help the line persons work most effectively in accomplishing objectivesmost effectively in accomplishing objectives

Line Authority Line Authority is that relationship in which a superior is that relationship in which a superior exercises direct supervision over a subordinate exercises direct supervision over a subordinate

Staff Authority Staff Authority is advisory function is to investigate, is advisory function is to investigate, research and give advise to line managersresearch and give advise to line managers

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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITYFUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY

Is the right which is delegated to an Is the right which is delegated to an individual or department to control specified individual or department to control specified processes, practices, policies or other processes, practices, policies or other matters relating to activities under taken by matters relating to activities under taken by persons in other departmentspersons in other departments

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DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITYDECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY

Is the tendency to disperse decision making Is the tendency to disperse decision making authority in an organized structureauthority in an organized structure

DELAGATION OF AUTHORITYDELAGATION OF AUTHORITY

Authority is delegated when a superior gives Authority is delegated when a superior gives a subordinate discretion to make decisionsa subordinate discretion to make decisions

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PROCESS OF DELEGATIONPROCESS OF DELEGATION

Determining the result expected from a Determining the result expected from a positionposition

Assigning task to a positionAssigning task to a position Delegation of authority for accomplishing Delegation of authority for accomplishing

these tasksthese tasks Holding the persons in that position Holding the persons in that position

responsible or accomplishment of the responsible or accomplishment of the tasks.tasks.

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EFFECTIVE DELEGATIONEFFECTIVE DELEGATION

It depends uponIt depends upon ReceptivenessReceptiveness Willingness to let goWillingness to let go Willingness to let others make mistakesWillingness to let others make mistakes Willingness to trust sub ordinatesWillingness to trust sub ordinates Willingness to establish and use broader Willingness to establish and use broader

controlscontrols

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GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING GUIDE LINES FOR OVERCOMING WEAK DELEGATIONWEAK DELEGATION

Define assignments and delegate authorityDefine assignments and delegate authoritySelection of Right personSelection of Right personMaintain open lines of communication Maintain open lines of communication Establish proper controlsEstablish proper controlsReward effective delegation and successful Reward effective delegation and successful

assumption of authorityassumption of authority

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Thank YouThank You