Moving Toward Moving Toward IndependenceIndependence

1763-17751763-1775

SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French-Indian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the

American Revolution.b. Explain colonial response to such British actions such as the Proclamation of

1763, Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.

c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

Standards:

Essential Questions:Essential Questions:• What and who laid the groundwork for a revolution to What and who laid the groundwork for a revolution to

be able to occur? be able to occur? • How did the key ideas of American democracy How did the key ideas of American democracy

develop?develop?• How did the Age of Enlightenment play a role in How did the Age of Enlightenment play a role in

independence?independence?• What caused the American Revolution? What caused the American Revolution? • How did this revolution start?How did this revolution start?• Who was behind this revolution?Who was behind this revolution?• What was the colonial response to pre-revolutionary What was the colonial response to pre-revolutionary

actions by the British?actions by the British?• How did the British respond to colonists ideas about How did the British respond to colonists ideas about

freedom? freedom? • How did some colonists shape their people’s thinking How did some colonists shape their people’s thinking

towards approving a war of Independence?towards approving a war of Independence?• Why was Thomas Paine so important to the Why was Thomas Paine so important to the

RevolutionRevolution??

VocabularyVocabulary

French and Indian war, French and Indian war, Stamp Act, Intolerable Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Proclamation of Acts, Proclamation of 1763, Sons/Daughters 1763, Sons/Daughters of liberty, Committee of of liberty, Committee of Correspondence, Correspondence, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Pontiac’s Rebellion, Boston Massacre, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, John Boston Tea Party, John Adams, Adams,

Alexander Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Aaron James Madison, Aaron Burr, Federalists, Burr, Federalists, Democratic-Democratic-Republicans Albany Republicans Albany Plan for Union, John Plan for Union, John Locke, Montesquieu, Locke, Montesquieu, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson,

DemocratDemocratic Ideas ic Ideas in the in the

ColoniesColonies

Religion in the ColoniesReligion in the Colonies• Settlers left Europe Settlers left Europe

because of each nation’s because of each nation’s established church.established church.– Official churchOfficial church

• Try to create established Try to create established churches in the American churches in the American colonies.colonies.– Roman Catholic- SpanishRoman Catholic- Spanish– Anglican- New York, Anglican- New York,

Maryland, Southern Maryland, Southern coloniescolonies

– Congregational- New Congregational- New England, ConnecticutEngland, Connecticut

– Separatist- PlymouthSeparatist- Plymouth– Puritan- Massachusetts BayPuritan- Massachusetts Bay

• Middle colonies Middle colonies encouraged all sorts of encouraged all sorts of religions.religions.

Rhode Rhode IslandIsland • Founded by Founded by

Roger Williams.Roger Williams.• No established No established

religion.religion.• Church was Church was

separate from the separate from the state govt.state govt.1.1. No taxes to No taxes to

support the support the church.church.

2.2. Did not have to Did not have to belong to a church belong to a church to vote.to vote.

3.3. No forced No forced attendance.attendance.

MarylandMaryland

• Governed by Lord Governed by Lord Baltimore.Baltimore.

• Toleration Act of Toleration Act of 16491649– All those professing All those professing

to believe in Jesus to believe in Jesus ChristChrist were free to were free to practice their own practice their own religion.religion.

– Jews not protected.Jews not protected.

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

• Founded by Founded by William William Penn.Penn.

• Charter of PrivilegesCharter of Privileges– Anyone could settle Anyone could settle

in Pennsylvania as in Pennsylvania as long as they believed long as they believed that one Almighty that one Almighty God as the Creator God as the Creator and Ruler of the and Ruler of the World.World.

– Only Christians Only Christians allowed.allowed.

Religious TolerationReligious Toleration• Many colonies had to Many colonies had to

alter their rules to alter their rules to encourage settlers.encourage settlers.

• Blacks not always taught Blacks not always taught Christianity.Christianity.– Owners fearful of Owners fearful of

rebellion.rebellion.• Anglicans set up black Anglicans set up black

schoolsschools• Quakers established Quakers established

yearly religious yearly religious meetings.meetings.

• Blacks segregated Blacks segregated (separate) from the (separate) from the white congregation.white congregation.– ““African pews”African pews”

Democratic Way of LifeDemocratic Way of Life

• 5 essentials5 essentials1.1. Religious freedom.Religious freedom.

2.2. Freedom to learn.Freedom to learn.

3.3. Freedom to think.Freedom to think.

4.4. Freedom to speak.Freedom to speak.

5.5. Freedom to Freedom to publish.publish.

European LearningEuropean Learning

• A formal education A formal education essential for all essential for all wealthy families.wealthy families.

• Tutors hired to Tutors hired to teach the sons.teach the sons.

• Wealthy colonists Wealthy colonists sent sons to private sent sons to private English schools.English schools.

• Daughters taught Daughters taught music and music and literature.literature.

Colonial LearningColonial Learning

Colonial LearningColonial Learning

Changes in EducationChanges in Education

• 3 reasons3 reasons1.1. Plantation owners Plantation owners

wanted their sons wanted their sons to learn about to learn about business.business.

2.2. Rural areas needed Rural areas needed better education.better education.

3.3. Scarcity of booksScarcity of books– Library societies Library societies

created by created by merchants to lend merchants to lend out books for a small out books for a small fee.fee.

MassachusettsMassachusetts• Puritans believed that it Puritans believed that it

was important to read was important to read to create “God fearing” to create “God fearing” and “law abiding” and “law abiding” citizens.citizens.

• 1647 law1647 law1.1. Every town w/ 50 or Every town w/ 50 or

more households must more households must appoint a teacher of appoint a teacher of reading and writing to be reading and writing to be paid by the town.paid by the town.

2.2. Every town w/ 100 or Every town w/ 100 or more households must more households must provide a school to provide a school to prepare young men for prepare young men for college.college.

• Wealthy families Wealthy families expected to pay expected to pay tuition.tuition.– Rate for schooling.Rate for schooling.

• Poor families were Poor families were paid for by the town.paid for by the town.

• Created the idea that Created the idea that a “free public a “free public education was education was mandatory.”mandatory.”

New England SchoolsNew England Schools• Teachers were either Teachers were either

mothers of students or mothers of students or indentured servants.indentured servants.

• ProblemsProblems– Children of all ages in Children of all ages in

the same room.the same room.– Short terms.Short terms.– Irregular attendance.Irregular attendance.– Lack of materials.Lack of materials.

• New England PrimerNew England Primer– Written in 1690.Written in 1690.– Taught school children Taught school children

to be obedient, law-to be obedient, law-abiding citizens, and to abiding citizens, and to worship God.worship God.

Frontier EducationFrontier Education

• Experience!!Experience!!– Learn to think for Learn to think for

yourself.yourself.

• BooksBooks– BibleBible– AlmanacAlmanac

• Books containing a Books containing a wide variety of info wide variety of info w/ advise on w/ advise on medicine, recipes, medicine, recipes, planting, and planting, and harvesting.harvesting.

Poor Richard’s AlmanacPoor Richard’s Almanac• Written by Benjamin Written by Benjamin

Franklin.Franklin.– For want of a nail the shoe For want of a nail the shoe

was lost; for want of the was lost; for want of the shoe the horse was lost; shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the and for want of a horse the rider was lost. rider was lost.

– Learning is to the studious Learning is to the studious and riches to the careful. and riches to the careful.

– Then plow deep while Then plow deep while sluggards sleep, And you sluggards sleep, And you shall have corn to sell and shall have corn to sell and to keep. to keep.

– God helps them that help God helps them that help themselves. themselves.

– The sleeping fox catches The sleeping fox catches no poultry. no poultry.

– Early to bed and early to Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. wealthy and wise.

Colonial GovernmentsColonial Governments• VirginiaVirginia

– House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses– First representative First representative

govt. in America (1619).govt. in America (1619).

• 3 types of colonies3 types of colonies1.1. Royal colonies- run by Royal colonies- run by

English King and English King and parliamentparliament

2.2. Proprietary colonies- Proprietary colonies- run by a proprietor run by a proprietor (governor)(governor)

3.3. Self-governing- Self-governing- independent of independent of England.England.

Royal ColoniesRoyal Colonies

• 8 total by 1760.8 total by 1760.• King appointed a King appointed a

governor.governor.• The legislature was The legislature was

the law-making body.the law-making body.– Counselors- Upper Counselors- Upper

HouseHouse• appointedappointed

– Assembly- Lower HouseAssembly- Lower House• electedelected

• King could veto any King could veto any law.law.

Proprietary ColoniesProprietary Colonies

• 3 by 1760.3 by 1760.– Maryland, Delaware, Maryland, Delaware,

and Pennsylvania.and Pennsylvania.

• Proprietor Proprietor appointed the appointed the governor.governor.

• Assembly elected Assembly elected by the people.by the people.– One-house One-house

legislature.legislature.

Self-Governing ColoniesSelf-Governing Colonies

• 2 by 17602 by 1760– Rhode Island and Rhode Island and

ConnecticutConnecticut

• Governor and Governor and legislature all legislature all elected by the elected by the voters.voters.

• Each had a written Each had a written Constitution.Constitution.

• Fundamental Orders Fundamental Orders of Connecticutof Connecticut

SuffrageSuffrage

• Right to vote.Right to vote.• LimitsLimits

– Only adult males Only adult males who owned who owned property could vote.property could vote.

– Religious Religious qualifications- had qualifications- had to belong to a to belong to a church to vote.church to vote.

– Isolation of the Isolation of the frontier.frontier.

Conflicts in the AssemblyConflicts in the Assembly

• Wealthy had all the Wealthy had all the political power.political power.

• Wealthy on the Wealthy on the seaboard voted for seaboard voted for laws that favored laws that favored them.them.

• Rural frontier had a Rural frontier had a very limited say.very limited say.

Loss of Massachusetts Loss of Massachusetts Charter-1684Charter-1684

• Conflict with EnglandConflict with England• Charter taken away and a royal Charter taken away and a royal

governor, Andros, sent to rulegovernor, Andros, sent to rule• Mr. Andros is so hated that he flees, Mr. Andros is so hated that he flees,

disguised as a woman, back to disguised as a woman, back to EnglandEngland

Local GovernmentLocal Government• Town meeting- designed Town meeting- designed

to allow citizens to to allow citizens to discuss problems.discuss problems.

• Selectmen- 3 principle Selectmen- 3 principle town officers to town officers to administer the laws.administer the laws.

• County- local govt. County- local govt. designed to cover a designed to cover a larger area.larger area.

• Justice of the Peace- Justice of the Peace- Chief officer of the local Chief officer of the local county to carry out laws.county to carry out laws.

• County lieutenantCounty lieutenant– Defended the county Defended the county

against Indian attacks.against Indian attacks.

Events and Events and Situations Situations

that lead to that lead to IndependencIndependenc

e for the e for the Colonies!!Colonies!!

Causes of the

American Revolution

A Spider Web graphic organizer#1

#2

MercantilismMercantilism

• Economic policy where a nation such as Economic policy where a nation such as England tries to gain greater wealth and England tries to gain greater wealth and power than its rivals.power than its rivals.– Favorable balance of trade-Favorable balance of trade- tool used by a nation tool used by a nation

to get money by selling more goods than it to get money by selling more goods than it imports.imports.• Export- selling goods abroadExport- selling goods abroad• Import- buying goods from other nations.Import- buying goods from other nations.• Exports must be greater than imports.Exports must be greater than imports.

– A nation with a high favorable balance of trade…A nation with a high favorable balance of trade…1.1. will be self-sufficient.will be self-sufficient.2.2. will be wealthy.will be wealthy.3.3. will build a powerful army and navy.will build a powerful army and navy.4.4. Will keep its colonies as colonies as long as they are Will keep its colonies as colonies as long as they are

profitableprofitable

The Colonies Help Great The Colonies Help Great BritainBritain

1.1. Colonies provided Colonies provided raw materials.raw materials.

2.2. Colonies provided Colonies provided markets for goods markets for goods produced in Britain.produced in Britain.

3.3. Colonies encouraged Colonies encouraged the growth of the growth of mercantilism.mercantilism.

4.4. Colonies provided Colonies provided bases for the Royal bases for the Royal Navy.Navy.

5.5. Colonies only trade Colonies only trade with Britainwith Britain

Salutary neglect- deliberate failure to Salutary neglect- deliberate failure to enforce the mercantile laws.- “turn a enforce the mercantile laws.- “turn a

blind eye”blind eye”

• As Long as the mother As Long as the mother country, England was country, England was getting rich off of the getting rich off of the colonies, they were happycolonies, they were happy

• They ignore the colonists They ignore the colonists breaking “small” English breaking “small” English rules like smugglingrules like smuggling

• Colonists get used to that Colonists get used to that “neglect” because of the “neglect” because of the freedom and profit it gives freedom and profit it gives themthem

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

• 16511651• Restricted all trade Restricted all trade

within the British within the British Empire to British Empire to British ships.ships.

• American colonists American colonists begin building begin building ships.ships.– Created wealthy Created wealthy

shipbuilding shipbuilding industry.industry.

Navigation Act of 1660Navigation Act of 1660

• Listed specific Listed specific colonial products colonial products that could be that could be shipped and sold shipped and sold onlyonly to England. to England.– Enumerated Enumerated

goods- tobacco, goods- tobacco, cotton, and cotton, and sugar.sugar.

Navigation Navigation Act of 1663Act of 1663

• Required colonists to Required colonists to buy most of their buy most of their manufactured goods manufactured goods from England.from England.

• All European goods All European goods sent to the colonies sent to the colonies had to unloaded, had to unloaded, taxedtaxed, and then , and then reloaded before sale.reloaded before sale.– Duty- tax on goods.Duty- tax on goods.

• Mercantilism Mercantilism threatened the threatened the prosperity of the New prosperity of the New England colonies England colonies because many of the because many of the same products made same products made in America were the in America were the same as those in same as those in Great Britain.Great Britain.

Triangular Triangular TradeTrade

1.1. Vessels from Vessels from colonies set sail colonies set sail for Africa with for Africa with rum.rum.

2.2. Rum traded for Rum traded for slaves or gold.slaves or gold.

3.3. Slaves taken to Slaves taken to West Indies and West Indies and sold for sold for molasses, sugar, molasses, sugar, or money.or money.

4.4. Molasses sent to Molasses sent to colonies to make colonies to make more rum.more rum.

Molasses Act of 1733Molasses Act of 1733

• Colonists could buy Colonists could buy molasses from molasses from French, Dutch, or French, Dutch, or Spanish islands, but Spanish islands, but had to pay a had to pay a high high dutyduty or tax on the or tax on the imports.imports.

• Made the making Made the making and selling of rum and selling of rum more expensive for more expensive for the coloniststhe colonists

Problems in Problems in Governing Governing

the the ColoniesColonies

Need for Money after the Need for Money after the end of Anglo-French end of Anglo-French warfarewarfare

• Britain in debt after Britain in debt after 4 wars with France 4 wars with France even though they even though they wonwon

• Britain needed to Britain needed to maintain the large maintain the large empire they now hadempire they now had

• British felt their British felt their colonists, as subjects colonists, as subjects of the King, should of the King, should help pay the debt.help pay the debt.

The FrenchThe Frenchand and

Indian Wars Indian Wars1754 to 17631754 to 1763

• War between France War between France and England that takes and England that takes place in the coloniesplace in the colonies

• British felt that the British felt that the colonists especially colonists especially owed them for fighting owed them for fighting the French in the Ohio the French in the Ohio river valleyriver valley in North in North America.America.

• The colonists did not The colonists did not see it that way. Saw it see it that way. Saw it as England’s war not as England’s war not theirs and certainly not theirs and certainly not something to pay for something to pay for with their taxes. with their taxes.

• Colonists begin to Colonists begin to Develop an identity as Develop an identity as Americans and anti-Americans and anti-BritishBritish

CanadaCanada• Taken by Britain Taken by Britain

after the French after the French and Indian War.and Indian War.

• Britain had to Britain had to reorganize old reorganize old French French governments. That governments. That costs.costs.

• Colonists do not Colonists do not want to pay for want to pay for that even though that even though they are safer they are safer because of itbecause of it

Problems with the Land West Problems with the Land West of the Appalachiansof the Appalachians

• Fur traders want no Fur traders want no settlers.settlers.

• Farmers and land Farmers and land speculators want speculators want the land open for the land open for settlement.settlement.

• Settlers demand Settlers demand protection from the protection from the Indians from Indians from Britain.Britain.

• Britain wants no Britain wants no more warmore war

Indian Indian LandsLands

• Natives pushed off Natives pushed off the land west of the the land west of the Appalachians by Appalachians by colonists looking for colonists looking for new landsnew lands

• Pontiac’s Rebellion- Pontiac’s Rebellion- Indians try to stop Indians try to stop colonist’s westward colonist’s westward movement by movement by destroying British destroying British forts.forts.

• British offer British offer generous peace generous peace terms to Pontiac. terms to Pontiac. Guess who this ticks Guess who this ticks off? off?

Weak Weak KingKing

• George III seen as George III seen as ineffective and ineffective and stubborn by stubborn by colonists.colonists.

• He viewed He viewed colonies as colonies as territories owned territories owned by Britain. by Britain.

• Neither parties big Neither parties big on compromise on compromise and negotiationand negotiation

• Ask me about his Ask me about his nicknamenickname

Proclamation Act of 1763Proclamation Act of 1763• Ordered all settlers Ordered all settlers

to withdraw to withdraw temporarily from all temporarily from all lands west of the lands west of the Appalachians.Appalachians.– Result of Pontiac’s Result of Pontiac’s

Rebellion.Rebellion.

• Reserved certain Reserved certain lands for the lands for the Indians.Indians.

• Fur Trade put under Fur Trade put under control of royalty. control of royalty. Guess who benefits Guess who benefits from that action? from that action?

We’re not

gonna take it!

Down with the British!

Why do I have to leave my nice new

house?

Dad, When I grow up can I fight the British?

Sugar Sugar Act of Act of 17641764

• Attempt by British Attempt by British Parliament to raise Parliament to raise money to protect the money to protect the colonies.colonies.

• Placed a Placed a dutyduty on on molasses, sugar, and molasses, sugar, and other imports.other imports.– Royal inspectors searched Royal inspectors searched

homes looking for homes looking for smuggled goods from smuggled goods from other countries.other countries.

• Severely hurts the Severely hurts the rum rum business.business.

CurrencyCurrency Acts of Acts of 17641764

• Forbid the Forbid the colonies to issue colonies to issue paper money.paper money.

• Colonies must Colonies must pay all taxes with pay all taxes with gold or silver gold or silver coins.coins.

• Forced more gold Forced more gold and silver to be and silver to be sent to Britain.sent to Britain.

• Result- made the Result- made the colonies cash flow colonies cash flow poorpoor

QuarteringQuartering Act of 1765Act of 1765

• Colonists Colonists mustmust provide barracks provide barracks and supplies to and supplies to British troops in British troops in America.America.

• Must “quarter” Must “quarter” troops in their troops in their homes for freehomes for free

Stamp Act of Stamp Act of 17651765

• Levied taxes on Levied taxes on diplomas, playing diplomas, playing cards, newspapers, cards, newspapers, advertisements, advertisements, and all legal and all legal documents.documents.

“An Emblem of the Effects of the STAMP,” a warning against the Stamp Act published in the Pennsylvania Journal, October 1765; in the New York Public Library.

Types of TaxesTypes of Taxes

Indirect TaxesIndirect Taxes• Taxes on an item Taxes on an item

that are hidden in that are hidden in the cost or spread the cost or spread out for others to out for others to pay.pay.– ExamplesExamples

• Gas taxGas tax• Sugar Act taxSugar Act tax

Direct TaxesDirect Taxes• Taxes paid directly Taxes paid directly

to the government.to the government.– ExamplesExamples

• Income taxIncome tax• Stamp Act taxStamp Act tax

““taxation without taxation without representation !”representation !”

• Colonist cry that Colonist cry that taxes were being taxes were being levied on them levied on them without any without any representation in representation in Parliament.Parliament.– British felt that British felt that

Parliament not only Parliament not only represented the represented the British, but also the British, but also the colonists. Did not colonists. Did not need men from the need men from the colonies to be voted colonies to be voted into Parliamentinto Parliament

Stamp Act CongressStamp Act Congress

• 17651765• Delegates from 9 Delegates from 9

colonies hold a colonies hold a meeting in New meeting in New York.York.

• Declared their Declared their loyalty to the King, loyalty to the King, but opposed taxes but opposed taxes levied w/out levied w/out consent.consent.

• Sons of LibertySons of Liberty– Organized society Organized society

that rioted in large that rioted in large towns. Terrorists?towns. Terrorists?

• British merchants British merchants demand the repeal demand the repeal of the Stamp Act.of the Stamp Act.– Colonists not buying Colonists not buying

their goodstheir goods

• Stamp Act Stamp Act repealed repealed by Britain in 1766.by Britain in 1766.

Declaratory Act of 1766Declaratory Act of 1766

• Parliament asserts Parliament asserts that it had full that it had full authority and power authority and power to make laws to to make laws to bind the colonies bind the colonies and people of and people of America.America.

• Colonists really Colonists really angry-feel that they angry-feel that they can not “work” with can not “work” with BritainBritain

Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

• Levied import Levied import duties (taxes) on duties (taxes) on articles of articles of everyday use in everyday use in America.America.

– Tea, lead, Tea, lead, glass, glass, colors for colors for paint.paint.

Writs of Writs of AssistanceAssistance

• Implemented by Implemented by British government British government to enforce new to enforce new laws.laws.

• Written statements Written statements giving govt. officials giving govt. officials the legal right to the legal right to search colonist’s search colonist’s businesses, ships, businesses, ships, etc.etc.– Open-ended search Open-ended search

warrant.warrant.– Modern Search Modern Search

warrant- must have warrant- must have specificspecific reasons. reasons.

The Boston MassacreThe Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770March 5, 1770• Large crowd gathered Large crowd gathered

around British around British soldiers.soldiers.

• Soldiers fired upon the Soldiers fired upon the crowd- 5 civilians crowd- 5 civilians killed and 6 injured.killed and 6 injured.

• Crispus Attucks- black Crispus Attucks- black slave first person slave first person killed.killed.

• Boston crowd cries Boston crowd cries “massacre”, forces “massacre”, forces troops to leavetroops to leave

Repeal of The Townshend Repeal of The Townshend ActsActs

• British Prime Minister British Prime Minister calls for repeal of calls for repeal of Townshend Acts as Townshend Acts as they are hurting they are hurting British merchants.British merchants.

• But….retain the tax on But….retain the tax on tea as a symbol of the tea as a symbol of the power Parliament had power Parliament had over the colonists. over the colonists. (rubbing it in)(rubbing it in)

Committee of Committee of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

• 21 member group 21 member group who attempted to who attempted to keep other colonies keep other colonies and the world and the world informed about informed about what was happening what was happening in Massachusetts.in Massachusetts.

• An old school An old school “Facebook”“Facebook”– Patrick HenryPatrick Henry– Richard Henry LeeRichard Henry Lee

Tea Act of Tea Act of 17731773

• Tax on teaTax on tea• Allowed the Allowed the

East India East India Company to Company to bypass British bypass British wholesalers wholesalers and sell tea and sell tea directly to the directly to the colonists.colonists.– Hurts colonial Hurts colonial

tea merchants.tea merchants.

Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party• 17731773

• Colonists dressed as Colonists dressed as Indians board tea Indians board tea

ships and dump the ships and dump the cargo into Boston cargo into Boston

Harbor.Harbor.• Britain lost about $3 Britain lost about $3

millionmillion

Intolerable Intolerable Acts of Acts of 17741774

1.1. ClosedClosed port of Boston port of Boston to all shipping until to all shipping until colonists paid for colonists paid for destroyed tea.destroyed tea.

2.2. ForbadeForbade town town meetings and revoked meetings and revoked Massachusetts charter Massachusetts charter

3.3. Required colonists to Required colonists to provide provide food food and and shelter to British shelter to British soldiers sent to soldiers sent to America to enforce America to enforce new laws.new laws.

4.4. British officials charged British officials charged w/ crimes committed in w/ crimes committed in America could have America could have casescases tried in England. tried in England.

!@#*/!CFFC

Quebec Act of 1774Quebec Act of 1774• One of the Intolerable One of the Intolerable

Acts.Acts.• Enlarged Quebec by Enlarged Quebec by

establishing the establishing the southern border of southern border of Canada to the Ohio Canada to the Ohio River and Mississippi.River and Mississippi.

• Allowed French law to Allowed French law to stay.stay.

• Took away western Took away western lands from colonists.lands from colonists.

• ““Just another act to Just another act to punish!” is what the punish!” is what the colonists saycolonists say

First First ContinentaContinental Congressl Congress

• All colonies attend All colonies attend except Georgia.except Georgia.

• 5 agreements5 agreements1.1. Right to life, Right to life,

liberty, and liberty, and property.property.

2.2. Mutual support of Mutual support of coloniescolonies..

3.3. Revived non-Revived non-importation importation agreements.agreements.

4.4. Would not sell goods Would not sell goods to Britain.to Britain.

5.5. Local committees Local committees to provide action to provide action against Britain.against Britain.

The The RevolutionaRevolutiona

riesries

Samuel AdamsSamuel Adams

• Former unsuccessful Former unsuccessful brewer and political brewer and political activist.activist.

• 1764- Gets elected to 1764- Gets elected to the Massachusetts the Massachusetts legislature.legislature.

• Leader of a radical Leader of a radical group called the group called the Sons of Liberty.Sons of Liberty.

Samuel Adams- ActivistSamuel Adams- Activist• Sugar Act- Drafts Sugar Act- Drafts

colonial negative colonial negative response.response.

• Stamp Act- Instigates Stamp Act- Instigates riots in Boston.riots in Boston.

• Townshend Acts- Townshend Acts- Drafts a letter trying to Drafts a letter trying to unite the colonies.unite the colonies.

• Gathers a crowd of Gathers a crowd of 5,000 colonists to 5,000 colonists to protest British troops in protest British troops in Boston.Boston.

• Organizes the Boston Organizes the Boston Tea Party in response Tea Party in response to the Tea Act.to the Tea Act.

John HancockJohn Hancock

• Wealthy Boston Wealthy Boston trader and shipper.trader and shipper.

• Opposes the Stamp Opposes the Stamp Act and the Act and the Townshend Acts.Townshend Acts.

• Finances many of the Finances many of the revolutionary revolutionary activities.activities.

• Finances the Finances the “minutemen“minutemen”- a ”- a group of volunteers group of volunteers ready to do battle at ready to do battle at a minutes notice.a minutes notice.

John John AdamsAdams

• Massachusetts lawyer.Massachusetts lawyer.• Opposes the Stamp Opposes the Stamp

Act.Act.• Successfully defends Successfully defends

the four British soldiers the four British soldiers accused of murder in accused of murder in the Boston Massacre.the Boston Massacre.

• Becomes a member of Becomes a member of the First Continental the First Continental Congress and Congress and nominates George nominates George Washington Washington commander-in-chief of commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.the Continental Army.

• Later, is our second Later, is our second PresidentPresident

Patrick Patrick HenryHenry

• Member of the Member of the Virginia House of Virginia House of Burgesses.Burgesses.

• 1765- Drafts the 1765- Drafts the Virginia Stamp Act Virginia Stamp Act Resolutions.Resolutions.– The colonies only The colonies only

had the right to had the right to issue taxes on the issue taxes on the colonists.colonists.

• 1775- Calls for 1775- Calls for military action military action against Britain.against Britain.– ““Give me liberty or Give me liberty or

give me death!”give me death!”

Wrote the Wrote the widely-read widely-read pamphlet, pamphlet, Common Common Sense Sense (1776),(1776), advocating advocating colonial colonial America's America's independenindependence from the ce from the Kingdom of Kingdom of Great Great BritainBritain

Convinced Convinced many many colonists to colonists to fight Britainfight Britain

These are the times that try These are the times that try men's souls: The summer men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of shrink from the service of their country; but he that their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with have this consolation with us, us, that the harder the that the harder the conflict, the more glorious conflict, the more glorious the triumph.the triumph. What we obtain What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its that gives every thing its value.value. Thomas Thomas

PainePaine

Coming Attractions:Coming Attractions:

The Battle BeginsThe Battle Begins

Theme Song-”We ain’t going take it” Theme Song-”We ain’t going take it” by Twisted Sisterby Twisted Sister

or How We Come to be Known as or How We Come to be Known as AmericansAmericans