Mosquito presentation, Md Abdul Alim, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,...
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Transcript of Mosquito presentation, Md Abdul Alim, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,...
Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapha
Ceratopognidae(Midges) Simulidae
(Black fly)Psychodidae
(Sand fly)Culicidae
(Mosquitoes)
Muscidea(House & Stable fly)
Calliphoridae(Blow fly)
Hippoboscidae(Forest fly &
keds)
Oestridae(bot fly)
Tabanidae(Horse fly)
Classification of Diptera
Order
Sub-Order
Family
Arthopoda
InsectaClass
Phylum
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Size
Antenna
Mouth part&
Maxillary Palps
Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts
Plumose
Pilose
Stylet typeArista Type
Differences among the sub-orders
Palp
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Wing(Cross Vein)
Sand fly
Black fly
Mosquitos
Tabanus Musca domestica
Stomoxys calcitrans
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Larval Head
Pupa
Obtectate Usually Obtectate Coarctate
Larva of Musca domestica
Pupa Musca domestica
Larva of Tabnus
Pupa of Tabnus
Example??
Culicidae(Mosquitoes)
The most veterinary important –
Anopheles spp (Anopheles vagus, An. Aconitus, Anopheles annularis)
Culex spp (Culex pipiens)
Aedes spp (Aedes aegypti, Ae. Albopictus)
Anopheles
Culex
Aedes
Anatomy of MosquitosMorphology
Scales= leaf like, fringed cvo/AvPjv
(Wegede shaped)
Empodium, pad like structure
Pulvilli
Claw
Johnston’s organ=Mechanoreceptors (at 1st two segments of antennae)
Leg of a Mosquito
Antenna of a Mosquito
Antenna can detect host odoor
Mouthpart of Mosquito FEEDING MECHANISM OF NEMATOCERA (MOSQUITOES)
Lingua (between labella)
Fascicle/StyletLabrumMaxilla (Paired, serrated tip)Hypopharynx (carry salivary duct)Mandible (Paired, pointed tip)
Mouthparts of Mosquito
Culex
(Living Adults) : Resting Position
Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)
Difference between Anopheline and Culicine
Hump back appearance
Anopheline (Anopheles) Culicine (Aedes and Culex)Adult
Fallagelum* Sound receptor
Clubbed
TaperedLaterally directed
Upturned
Shape of Scutellum Anopheline Culicine
Evenly curved and regular row of setae on the posterior border
Trilobed and setae is grouped on the lateral and median lobes
Distribution of scales on Abdominal sterna and also terga:
Completely or largely devoid of scales
Uniform layer of scales
Key to the genera of the family Culicidae
Anopheles Culex
Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus
Key to Aedes
Lyre
Anopheline Culicine
Eggs
Boat shaped eggsEgg raft (Culex), Singly Aedes
Egg shell/Chorion
Chorion (Air filled compartment)=Float
Cup shaped Corolla
1mm long
3-4mmX2-3mm
100-150/batch at night on water surface
Anopheline Culicine
Larva/Wigglers (Apodus)
Palmate hairs= 10-20 radiating leafletes
Chewing Mouth part
Spiracular vulve
Siphon
Aedes = short siphonCulex = Long and slender siphonNo Siphon
No Palmate hairs
Larval Respiration
Pupa/TumblersAedes CulexAnopheles
Tracheal system and cuticular respiration by larvae
Short broad breathing/air trumpet, distally expanded
Long narrow breathing trumpet, tubular
Paddle (at 9th segment)
Adult emergence: Gas accumulation at midgut and spilt appears mid-dorsally of the pupal cuticle
Respiratory siphon/siphon
EggsFloat
Respiratory siphonPalmate hairsFeeding
Respiratory trumpet
Adult (palp)ScutellumScales
Resting position
At a glance
Example
Vector Importance
Agents Disease Vector (s)Plasmodium spp of mammals Malaria Anopheles (primary host)
Yellow fever virusRift vally fever virus
Yellow feverRift vally fever(Southern Africa)
Aedes
Dengue virus (DEN virus) Dengue Aedes (A aegypti and A albopictus)
Chikungunya (CHIK) virusAfrica, India and Southestern Asia
Dengue like Arthralgic illness
Aedes
Borerelia anserina Fowl spirochaetosis Aedes
Plasmodium spp of bird Avian Malaria Culex , Anopheles and Aedes
Wuchereria bancrofti Filariasis/Elephatiasis Culex ,Aedes and Mansonia (I/H)
Dirofilaria immitis Dirofilariosis Anopheles, Culex and Mansonia (I/H)
Brugia malayi Filariasis(Indonesia, South east Asia and Srilanka)
Mansonia and Anopheles
Control and prevention:
Oil based insecticide for the Culicid larvae
Larvicidal compound and Larvicidal fish (Gambusia spp)
Paris Green mixed with Kerosene (carrier) effective larvicidal
Pyrethrum, Organophosphorus compounds (Difenphos, Fenthion)
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon (DDT; banned, dieldrin, chlordane)
Surface applied dust for the Anopheline larvae
Temephos larvicide (organophosphorus) applied with granular formulation
Disintegrates slowly and long tem effect
No toxic barrier on water surface by water insulable sufactant (Lecithin) for pupae
Introudction of invetebrate predators
Fungus (Lagenidium giganteum) and Protozoa
Bacteira (Bacillus sphaericus and B thuringiensis) highly toxic to larvae
Management:
Measures against immature stages:
Measures against Adults:
DDT (Banned), insecticidal effect remain 6 to 12 months
HCH and BHC (Benzene Hexachloride), Lindane (Gamma isomer, have musty odor and
expensive, More toxic than DDT, Used as spray, Banned)
Dieldrin, a Chlorinated hydrocarbon (used as spray), banned
Malathion, an organophosphorus, broad spectrum insecticide, effect 6 months (spray)
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids (Popular) , also repellent
Indalone and dimethyl phthalate (as repellent, WHO recommended
Managemetal approaches
Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul AlimAssistant Professor
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASUand PhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia
email: [email protected]
References1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd edi,pp…
2. Gary and Lance, (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Edn, Elsevier, Inc, pp…
3. E J L Soulby (1982). Helminths, Arthopods and Protozoa of Domestic animals, ………..
4. G.M.Urqhart., J.Armour., J.L.Duncan., F.W. Jennings., (1966). Veterinary Parasitology, Black
well Science Ltd.,2nd edi.pp:
THANKS