IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

Tomographic Profiling (TP)

A Scheme for Vertical Backscatter Profiling of

Biogeophysical Targets at Constant Incidence Angles

Keith Morrison1 & John Bennett2

1Department of Informatics & Systems Engineering, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK

k.morrison@cranfield.ac.uk

2Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, Sheffield University, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

Tomographic Profiling

Vertical backscatter profiles through biophysical and geophysical target volumes:

- snow- ice- vegetation- forestry

From a single pass, it provides:- retrieval of a set of images at different incidence angles- the incidence angle is constant at every point within an image

PRESENTATION - Description of technique- Theory- Experimental examples

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

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r1rn

Image region

LD

dx

i

p

i

L - D

d

dx P

z

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Vs

Hs

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i

R

θsyn

r_res = c 2B

x_res = Θsyn R = λR

2Dcosi

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Vs

i

r_resV

x_resV

Vs = r_resV + x_resV

Hs

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Vs

r_resV

x_resV

nadir

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Vs

r_resV

x_resV

Hs

i

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Across-Track Resolution

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Vt

F

Vt = { R.(1-cosФ½) +

r_res.cosФ½) }.cosi

Ф

= Ф.R

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

TP Resolution with Incidence Angle: Airborne

F-SARX-band (9.6GHz, B=800MHz) L-Band (1.33GHz,B=150MHz)

H=3000mD=300m

Ф = 5º

V = argmax {Vs (p) , Vt (p) }

F = 260m

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

UAVL-band (1.33GHz,B=150MHz)

H=300mD=100m

Ф = 4º

TP Resolution with Incidence Angle: UAV

F = 20m

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

TP Resolution with Incidence Angle: UAV

UAVX-band (9.6GHz,B=800MHz)

H=300mD=100m

Ф = 4º

F = 20m

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Experimental TP Application: Ground-Based

• GB-SAR System

– Forestry– Snowpack

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TP Imaging: Forest Canopy

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HH

VV

VH

0 20 40 60

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TP Imaging: Snowpack

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42cm

X-Band TP Image

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TP Imaging: Laboratory

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Ku-band (17GHz,B=4GHz)

H=2m, D=0.10m, Ф = 10º

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

SummaryNew Imaging Scheme: Tomographic Profiling (TP)

• Provides vertical backscatter profiles through biophysical and geophysical target volumes:

- snow- ice- vegetation - forestry

• From a single pass, it provides:- retrieval of a set of images at different incidence angles- the incidence angle is constant at every point within an

image

• Provided experimental results from ground-based field and laboratory measurements

• Future work to see airborne demonstration

IGARSS 2011 Vancouver

TP Imaging: Resolution

C-band (5GHz,B=1.75GHz)

H=2-9m, D=0.2m, Ф = 30º